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design of 3d data model of Underground Utilities in Korea Using CityGML Application domain Extension

SENSORS ANd MATERIALS 2022年第1期34卷 319-336页

作者： Jeong, da Woon Yu, Seon Cheol Ahn, Jong Wook Anyang Univ Smart Urban Space Inst 22Smadeok Ro 37beon Gil Anayang Si 14028 Gyeonggi Do South Korea Anyang Univ Dept Smart City Engn 22Smadeok Ro 37beon Gil Anayang Si 14028 Gyeonggi Do South Korea

In this study, we establish a 3d data model of underground utilities that applies international spatial information standards correspondingly, and we design a data model on the basis of this model to improve the systematic construction and management of underground utilities information and its accuracy and quality. The detailed research procedure is as follows. First, through a review of the existing system status and preceding studies, the necessity of this study and how it is differentiated from existing studies are derived by reviewing domestic and overseas research trends related to underground utilities and the current status of existing underground information systems. Second, considering the establishment of a 3d data model, we selected a reference model suitable for expressing underground utilities information by comparing and reviewing international standards, and this model was used as the basis of the data model. Lastly, regarding the design of a data model for underground utilities, a 3d data model of an underground utility based on international standards was designed using a Unified modeling Language (UML) diagram based on previously defined contents. On the basis of these results, it is expected that the 3d data model for underground utilities with improved consistency with the real world for both above-ground and underground spaces will improve the accuracy and utilization of existing underground information.

关键词： 3d data model underground utilities CityGML utility network Korea

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From underground utility survey to land administration: An underground utility 3d data model

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LANd USE POLICY 2021年 102卷

作者： Yan, Jingya Van Son, Rob Soon, Kean Huat Singapore ETH Ctr Future Cities Lab ETH Zurich Singapore 138602 Singapore Singapore Land Author Singapore 307987 Singapore

Subsurface utility infrastructure is omnipresent in the often highly contested shallow layers of the subsurface of densely urbanised areas. Reliable information on the location of such utilities is pivotal for the planning and management of such space. Land administration tasks such as ownership management, land acquisition, planning and (re)development depend on and benefit strongly from the availability of reliable information of sufficient quality on the underground including utilities. The objective of the digital Underground project in Singapore is to establish an authoritative dataset of underground utilities that aims to serve the needs of land administration practices. The work described in this paper aims to develop an underground utility 3d data model to manage and integrate various data from underground utility survey to underground utility data using in land administration. The Land Administration domain model (LAdM) provides a formal language to manage the rights, responsibilities and restrictions information of land (or water), and the geospatial components. The Underground Utility data model (UUdM) inherits some definition from LAdM to manage the information related to underground utility survey and land administration. This work provides a preliminary to explore the modelling and using underground utility information in land administration. It can help to develop the data model as a standard for underground utility data management and quality control in the next step.

关键词： Underground utility 3d data model Land Administration domain model (LAdM)

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Towards an Underground Utilities 3d data model for Land Administration

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REMOTE SENSING 2019年第17期11卷

作者： Yan, Jingya Jaw, Siow Wei Soon, Kean Huat Wieser, Andreas Schrotter, Gerhard Swiss Fed Inst Technol Singapore ETH Ctr Future Cities Lab Singapore 138602 Singapore Univ Teknol Malaysia Geosci & Digital Eaeth Ctr INSTeG Res Inst Sustainable Environm Johor Baharu 81310 Malaysia Univ Teknol Malaysia Fac Built Environm & Surveying Dept Geoinformat Johor Baharu 81310 Malaysia Singapore Land Author Singapore 307987 Singapore Swiss Fed Inst Technol Inst Geodesy & Photogrammetry CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland Geomat Vermessung Stadt Zurich CH-8004 Zurich Switzerland

With the pressure of the increasing density of urban areas, some public infrastructures are moving to the underground to free up space above, such as utility lines, rail lines and roads. In the big data era, the three-dimensional (3d) data can be beneficial to understand the complex urban area. Comparing to spatial data and information of the above ground, we lack the precise and detailed information about underground infrastructures, such as the spatial information of underground infrastructure, the ownership of underground objects and the interdependence of infrastructures in the above and below ground. How can we map reliable 3d underground utility networks and use them in the land administration? First, to explain the importance of this work and find a possible solution, this paper observes the current issues of the existing underground utility database in Singapore. A framework for utility data governance is proposed to manage the work process from the underground utility data capture to data usage. This is the backbone to support the coordination of different roles in the utility data governance and usage. Then, an initial design of the 3d underground utility data model is introduced to describe the 3d geometric and spatial information about underground utility data and connect it to the cadastral parcel for land administration. In the case study, the newly collected data from mobile Ground Penetrating Radar is integrated with the existing utility data for 3d modelling. It is expected to explore the integration of new collected 3d data, the existing 2d data and cadastral information for land administration of underground utilities.

关键词： 3d data model data governance underground utility networks underground mapping utility cadastre land administration

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Incorporating Adjacent Free Space (AFS) for marine spatial unit in 3d marine cadastre data model based on LAdM

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LANd USE POLICY 2024年 139卷

作者： Zamzuri, Ainn Hassan, Muhammad Imzan Rahman, Alias Abdul Univ Teknol Malaysia Fac Built Environm & Surveying GIS Res Lab Skudai 81310 Johor Malaysia

Rapid development and various needs to protect owners' interests impose high demands on land management. Land policies (e.g., the National Land Code of 1965 for Peninsular Malaysia) support the growth of a country by defining the rights, requirements for accessibility, and owners of land properties among the parties that participate in municipal, state, and regional planning. The land policy, such as the National Land Code (NLC) of 1965, determines the types of land tenure-freehold, leasehold, customary, and agricultural. The land code clearly defines the shoreline domain as well as the foreshore and seabed regions. To improve the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources as indicated in the Goal 14 of Sustainable development Goal (SdG), development in the coastal area requires careful spatial planning for managing properties in the maritime domain. Human activities can be managed through an effective marine administration and development where a marine cadastre would be applied. This marine cadastre supports marine spatial rights, responsibilities, and restrictions (RRRs) for marine spatial units. In coastal and marine environments, overlapping rights in the airspace, water surface, water column, seabed surface and subsoil are frequent, along with technical, legal, and stakeholder management issues. Overlapping marine spatial units such as pipeline and fish cage projects involve multiple jurisdictions (e.g., state department, private company) regarding RRRs. Three-dimensional representation for the marine domain is needed for clear RRRs on marine spatial units, and a 3d marine cadastre may benefit the coastal and marine administration and information systems by depicting precise rights representations. defining the boundaries of marine spatial units is a challenge given the marine dynamic factor. Natural phenomena such as tides, currents, and waves affect the spaces of marine spatial units move at certain distance (threshold). This paper discus

关键词： Marine spatial unit 3d data model Marine cadastre Land Administration domain model (LAdM) Rights Restrictions and Responsibilities(RRRs)

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Managing underground legal boundaries in 3d-extending the CityGML standard

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Underground Space 2024年第1期14卷 239-262页

作者： Bahram Saeidian Abbas Rajabifard Behnam Atazadeh Mohsen Kalantari The Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Infrastructure EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia

Legal boundaries are used for delineating the spatial extent of ownership property’s *** underground environments,these boundaries are defined by referencing physical objects,surveying measurements,or ***,there is a gap in connecting and managing these boundaries and underground legal spaces,due to a lack of data model.A 3d data model supporting underground land administration(ULA)should define and model these boundaries and the relationships between them and underground ownership *** 3d data models can be enriched to model underground legal *** research aims to propose a new taxonomy of underground legal boundaries and model them by extending CityGML,which is a widely used 3d data model in the geospatial science *** developed,implemented,and tested the model for different types of underground legal *** implemented prototype showcased the potential benefits of CityGML for managing underground legal boundaries in *** proposed 3d underground model can be used to address current challenges associated with communicating and managing legal boundaries in underground *** this data model was specifically developed for Victoria,Australia,the proposed model and approach can be used and replicated in other jurisdictions by adjusting the data requirements for underground legal boundaries.

关键词： Underground Legal boundaries Land administration 3d data model City model

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A semantic 3d city model for underground land administration: development and implementation of an AdE for CityGML 3.0

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TUNNELLING ANd UNdERGROUNd SPACE TECHNOLOGY 2023年第1期140卷

作者： Saeidian, Bahram Rajabifard, Abbas Atazadeh, Behnam Kalantari, Mohsen Univ Melbourne Ctr Spatial Data Infrastruct & Land Adm Dept Infrastruct Engn Parkville Vic Australia UNSW Sch Civil & Environm Engn Sydney Australia

Current practices of managing and communicating underground physical and cadastral (legal) data are based on fragmented and silo-based 2d methods, which cannot provide unambiguous, coordinated, and reliable representations of assets and their rights, restrictions, and responsibilities (RRRs) in subterranean environments. There is also no link between underground physical and legal data in current practices, resulting in ineffective Underground Land Administration (ULA). A single 3d integrated model of underground assets associated with the cadastral data at a city-scale can improve understanding and interpretation of underground legal and physical aspects. Extending a 3d city model to include underground legal data requirements can potentially provide a viable approach for developing a 3d integrated model. This research aims to develop a new Application domain Extensions (AdE) for CityGML 3.0 (called VicULA AdE) to manage underground data using a single 3d integrated legal-physical model at a city-scale. The VicULA AdE proposes semantic entities for underground legal spaces, enabling the model to define spatial and semantic relationships between different types of legal spaces. The proposed approach comprises identifying requirements based on the Victorian state of Australia, developing the conceptual and logical data models in UML, and implementing the XML schema as the physical data model. The viability of the VicULA AdE is tested in a complex real-world case study that has various underground legal and physical objects, shifting this data model from a conceptual level to the implementation level. The proposed AdE of the CityGML 3.0 standard revealed how underground legal data elements can be logically embedded in this 3d data model.

关键词： Underground Land Administration Subsurface Space Management Integrated Legal-Physical model 3d data model CityGML

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A 3d surface data model for fast visualization of 3dCM

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Global Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering / 3rd International Symp on Multi-field Coupling Theory of Rock and Soil Media and its Applications

作者： Wang, Qingguo Wuhan Univ Sci & Technol Sch Vehicle & Traff Engn Wuhan 430081 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783037855362

3d data model is an indispensable component to any 3d GIS, and forms the basis of 3d spatial analysis and representation. At present, plenty of representative 3d data models are proposed. However, existing models neglect the display result and the consumption of storage space. Based on the analysis of existing 3d GIS data model, a 3d surface model is proposed for fast visualization in this paper, which is composed of node, segment and triangle. The data structure and formal representation of the proposed 3d surface model is developed to organize and store data of 3d model. Finally, an experiment is made to compare this 3d surface model with other 3d data model, and the result demonstrates that the 3d surface model proposed in this paper is superior to the existing data model in terms of data volume, moreover, it can acquire fast visualization speed.

关键词： 3d data model visualization 3d GIS 3dCM

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Construction of 3d Strata model Based on the Multiple Source data

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International Conference on Structures and Building Materials (ICSBM 2013)

作者： Liu, Chunyuan Gu, Shimeng Liu, Yu Hebei Univ Technol Sch Civil Engn Tianjin 300401 Peoples R China China Aerospace Construct Grp Co Ltd Tianjin Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783037856611

According to the raw multi-source data, all strata should be standardized. With the aid of the cubic spline interpolation function, the virtual drilling could be created. With the help of deluanay triangulation, every stratum is turned to triangular net, namely initial stratum surface. A top triangle of stratum is connected with a corresponding bottom triangle of stratum in the net. It makes a triangular prism unit. Finally, according to certain rules, numerous triangular prism units are assembled orderly to form a geologic body. The GTP model can realize 3d strata simulation and the purpose of true three-dimensional.

关键词： 3d Strata model 3d data model delauney Triangulation Spline Interpolation Multi-Source data Fusion

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developing a 3d cadastre for the administration of urban land use: A case study of Shenzhen, China

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COMPUTERS ENVIRONMENT ANd URBAN SYSTEMS 2013年 40卷 46-55页

作者： Guo, Renzhong Li, Lin Ying, Shen Luo, Ping He, Biao Jiang, Renrong Wuhan Univ Sch Resource & Environm Sci Wuhan 430079 Peoples R China Shenzhen Municipal Urban Planning Land & Resources Commiss Shenzhen 518034 Peoples R China Shenzhen Ctr Assessment & Dev Land & Estate Shenzhen 518034 Peoples R China

Fast economic growth and rapid urbanization present a challenge to the limited urban land resources of China. Specifically, they encourage a shift in the concentration on the surface of land parcels to the space above and below them. Recent development in land utilization in developed cities has broken the traditional frame of the parcel-based or 2d cadastre. The three-dimensional (3d) cadastre is now accepted by researchers as an effective technical means to support the administration of space. Taking Shenzhen, a quite developed city in China as a case study, this paper presents an ad hoc paradigm to develop a 3d cadastral system for the management of land space use in it. The demand for a 3d cadastre is shown through two actual instances of land space exploitation. Relying on current legislation, administration, and 3d technology, we design a full 3d cadastral system and embed it in the current cadastral system so that the administration of land space can be realized without an alteration in the frame of cadastral data or in current administrative procedures. Presenting an application example, we demonstrate the easy implementation and practicability of our 3d cadastral system. We find, however, that current institutions require some but not excessive modification when fully implementing it for land administration. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 3d cadastre Cadastral survey 3d data model Land administration Rights to land Property

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A 3d GIS spatial data model based on conformal geometric algebra

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第1期54卷 101-112页

作者： YUAN LinWang YU ZhaoYuan LUO Wen ZHOU LiangChen LU GuoNia Key Laboratory of VGE Ministry of Education Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210046 China

We propose a new Geographic Information System (GIS) three-dimensional (3d) data model based on conformal geometric algebra (CGA). In this approach, geographic objects of different dimensions are mapped to the corresponding basic elements (blades) in Clifford algebra, and the expressions of multi-dimensional objects are unified without losing their geometric meaning. Geometric and topologic computations are also processed in a clear and coordinates-free way. Under the CGA framework, basic geometrics are constructed and expressed by the inner and outer operators. This expression combined geometrics of different dimensions and metric relations. We present the structure of the framework, data structure design, and the data storage, editing and updating mechanisms of the proposed 3d GIS data model. 3d GIS geometric and topological analyses are performed by CGA metric, geometric and topological operators using an object-oriented approach. demonstrations with 3d residence district data suggest that our 3d data model expresses effectively geometric objects in different dimensions, which supports computation of both geometric and topological relations. The clear and effective expression and computation structure has the potential to support complex 3d GIS analysis, and spatio-temporal analysis.

关键词： conformal geometric algebra 3d data model 3d measurement 3d spatial relation

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