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Handling data Scarcity Through data Augmentation in Training of deep Neural Networks for 3d data processing

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON SEMANTIC WEB ANd INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2022年第1期18卷 1-16页

作者： Srivastava, Akhilesh Mohan Rotte, Priyanka Ajay Jain, Arushi Prakash, Surya Indian Inst Technol Indore India

due to the availability of cheap 3d sensors such as Kinect and LidAR, the use of 3d data in various domains such as manufacturing, healthcare, and retail to achieve operational safety, improved outcomes, and enhanced customer experience has gained momentum in recent years. In many of these domains, object recognition is being performed using 3d data against the difficulties posed by illumination, pose variation, scaling, etc. present in 2d data. In this work, the authors propose three data augmentation techniques for 3d data in point cloud representation that use sub-sampling. They then verify that the 3d samples created through data augmentation carry the same information by comparing the iterative closest point registration error within the sub-samples, between the subsamples and their parent sample, between the sub-samples with different parents and the same subject, and finally, between the sub-samples of different subjects. They also verify that the augmented sub-samples have the same characteristics and features as those of the original 3d point cloud by applying the central limit theorem.

关键词： 3d Biometrics 3d data processing Computer Vision data Augmentation Object Recognition Sampling

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A novel auricular prosthesis which incorporates a cartilage conduction hearing aid based on 3d data processing technique: a preclinical evaluation

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EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOLOGY 2022年第7期279卷 3741-3744页

作者： Nishiyama, Takanori Hayashi, Shintaro Oishi, Naoki Keio Univ Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Sch Med Shinjuku Ku 35 Shinanomachi Tokyo 1608582 Japan Aiwa Prosthet & Orthot Co Ltd Nerima Ku 19-4 Sakaecho Tokyo Japan

Purpose To achieve the challenging goal of simultaneously improving aesthetics and auditory function in the treatment of microtia, we developed an auricular prosthesis incorporating a cartilage conduction hearing aid (APiCHA), which covers a cartilage conduction hearing aid (CC-HA). We evaluated the acoustic characteristics generated by the method of combining these two components using an artificial mastoid and investigated the possibility of clinical translation. Methods The first step in creating an APiCHA is to take molds of both the affected and normal auricles and invert the 3d data of the normal auricle to create data for the auricular prostheses. Grooves were then made inside the prosthetic data to fit the affected ear and a CC-HA, and the APiCHA was made of silicone. The acoustic characteristics were measured using an artificial mastoid, and the results were compared between CC-HA alone and with APiCHA. Results Compared with CC-HA alone, the gain was approximately 2 dB lower at high frequencies from 1 k Hz and higher, and approximately 2 dB higher at approximately 900 Hz when CC-HA was used with APiCHA. For the other frequencies, the acoustic characteristics were almost the same. Conclusion The changes in acoustic characteristics caused by the combined use of APiCHA and CC-HA were minimal and did not pose a clinical problem. The combined use of APiCHA and CC-HA can be considered as a non-invasive and clinically applicable treatment option to achieve both aesthetic and auditory improvements for microtia.

关键词： Atresia Microtia Auricular reconstruction Hearing loss 3d data processing Atresiaplasty

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Producing 3d radargrams from orbital radar sounding data at Mars: History, results, methods, lessons and plans

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ICARUS 2024年 419卷

作者： Foss II, Frederick J. Putzig, Nathaniel E. Campbell, Bruce A. Levin, Stewart A. Perry, Matthew R. Holt, John W. Christoffersen, Michael S. Smith, Isaac B. Morgan, Gareth A. Russell, Aaron T. Freestyle Analyt & Quantitat Serv LLC 2210 Parkview Dr Longmont CO 80504 USA Planetary Sci Inst 1700 E Ft Lowell RdSuite 106 Tucson AZ 85719 USA Planetary Sci Inst 405 Urban StSuite 300 Lakewood CO 80228 USA Smithsonian Inst Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies MRC 315POB 37012 Washington DC 20013 USA Stanford Univ Dept Geophys 397 Panama Mall Stanford CA 94305 USA Univ Arizona Lunar & Planetary Lab 1629 E Univ Blvd Tucson AZ 85721 USA York Univ Lassonde Sch Engn 4700 Keele St Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada Univ Alaska Fairbanks Geophys Inst 2156 Koyukuk Dr Fairbanks AK 99709 USA

The Shallow Radar (SHARAd) instrument aboard Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) has been conducting sounding operations of Mars' near surface for more than 16 years. Results of the SHARAd investigation have been well documented in the literature, with relatively high coverage density in the polar regions leading to some of the earliest scientific discoveries there. data collection and ensuing surprises of SHARAd's primary and first extended science phases were the impetus for choosing the north polar region for producing a first 3d radar image. This early attempt was successful, producing the first 3d radar image of Mars' north polar layered deposits in Planum Boreum, and shortly thereafter a companion 3d radar image of the south polar layered deposits in Planum Australe. Subsequent work refined the 3d methodology used to produce these images, leading to a significantly higher quality 3d image of the former as well as the first 3d radar image of the debris-covered glaciers in the east-central portion of deuteronilus Mensae (dM) in the mid-latitudes. Prior experience in terrestrial seismic data processing and analysis methods forms the basis of the 3d methodology used with Martian radar data, and has been indispensable in ongoing efforts to improve this methodology to further clarify the 3d images of the targets. The purposes of this article are to review 1) the SHARAd 3d work history and results, 2) the methodology developed and challenges encountered thus far in producing the SHARAd 3d images, 3) the broader impact on the processing and analysis of SHARAd data, and 4) current efforts and plans for producing follow-on SHARAd 3d images. Similarities and differences between orbital radar and seismic sounding and data processing are sprinkled throughout the article as reminders that the outcomes in this case are very much the product of cross-disciplinary knowledge and experience.

关键词： Mars 3d orbital radar processing 3d data processing 3d radar imaging Mars polar ices Mars mid-latitude ices

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Application of pseudo-3d sub-bottom profile imaging technology in small submarine target detection

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ACTA GEOPHYSICA 2025年第1期73卷 393-405页

作者： Li, Tianguang Huang, Zhiqing Zhang, Xiaobo Meng, Fansheng Pei, Yifan Guo, Jiali Southern Marine Sci & Engn Guangdong Lab Zhuhai Zhuhai 519000 Peoples R China Zhuhai Yunzhou Intelligence Technol LTD Zhuhai 519000 Peoples R China

The sub-bottom profiler is a valuable tool for obtaining high-resolution shallow stratigraphic data in marine geological and geophysical surveys. To detect and acquire the structural characteristics of small submarine objects, we developed a data processing method that utilizes 2d data to construct a 3d structural model. We conducted application experiments using sub-bottom profile detection data from Chuanshan Islands, which were explored using China's most advanced unmanned exploration platform and commercial shallow formation profiling system. To create high-resolution 3d seafloor structure models from recorded 2d sub-bottom profile datasets, an optimized data processing sequence was devised, comprising two stages: 2d data processing and 3d data processing. The 2d data processing stage involved spectrum analysis, band-pass filtering, matching filtering, time-varying gain, and surge correction. The subsequent 3d data processing stage encompassed ping location reallocation, static correction, and extraction of feature layer information. Notably, the final pseudo-3d sub-bottom profile time slice exhibited significant amplitude variations near the target body. This methodology represents an extension of the application of 2d sub-bottom profile data, enhancing the target recognition capabilities of such data. To further improve the precision of target body characterization, we used ArcScene 10.0 to create a 3d sub-bottom profile formation model spatial database. We constructed a submarine 3d formation structure model to show the 3d structural characteristics of the target body in detail and identified a seabed target body measuring 6.4 x 9.2 x 10 m.

关键词： Pseudo-3d sub-bottom profile 2d data processing 3d data processing Target detection

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Measuring the Short-Term degradation of Stone in Historical Buildings

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE 2024年第10期18卷 1571-1595页

作者： Quintana, Blanca Adan, Antonio Ramon, Amanda UNED Dept Ingn Electr Elect Control Telemat & Quim Apli ETSI Ind Madrid Spain Univ Castilla La Mancha 3D Visual Comp & Robot Lab Ciudad Real Spain UNED Dept Ingn Electr Elect Control Telematica&Quim Apl ETSI Ind CJuan Rosal 12 Madrid 28040 Spain

This paper proposes a methodology with which to measure the slight erosion undergone by valuable heritage pieces in a short period of time. The problems dealt with by our method concern the irregular (free-shape) geometry of the piece to be measured, the difficulty involved in achieving the fine registration required among different samples of the piece, the slight loss of material in a short period of time and the suitable definition of descriptors that will help to carry out a reliable qualitative and quantitative analysis. This document proposes a basic methodology that is able to tackle each of the aforementioned problems. An in-depth explanation of the degradation analysis has been carried out on a representative case study, including the qualitative and quantitative procedures employed. The results obtained lead us to believe that this methodology could be reproduced and applied to similar degradation problems related to old buildings.

关键词： 3d data processing deformation measurement heritage preservation laser scanning point clouds stone degradation assessment

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Face Mask Identification Using Spatial and Frequency Features in depth Image from Time-of-Flight Camera

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SENSORS 2023年第3期23卷 1596-1596页

作者： Wang, Xiaoyan Xu, Tianxu An, dong Sun, Lei Wang, Qiang Pan, Zhongqi Yue, Yang Nankai Univ Inst Modern Opt Tianjin 300350 Peoples R China Zhengzhou Univ Natl Ctr Int Joint Res Elect Mat & Syst Sch Elect & Informat Engn Zhengzhou 450001 Peoples R China Shphotonics LLC Tianjin 300450 Peoples R China Angle AI Tianjin Technol Co Ltd Tianjin 300450 Peoples R China Univ Louisiana Lafayette Dept Elect & Comp Engn Lafayette LA 70504 USA Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Informat & Commun Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China

Face masks can effectively prevent the spread of viruses. It is necessary to determine the wearing condition of masks in various locations, such as traffic stations, hospitals, and other places with a risk of infection. Therefore, achieving fast and accurate identification in different application scenarios is an urgent problem to be solved. Contactless mask recognition can avoid the waste of human resources and the risk of exposure. We propose a novel method for face mask recognition, which is demonstrated using the spatial and frequency features from the 3d information. A ToF camera with a simple system and robust data are used to capture the depth images. The facial contour of the depth image is extracted accurately by the designed method, which can reduce the dimension of the depth data to improve the recognition speed. Additionally, the classification process is further divided into two parts. The wearing condition of the mask is first identified by features extracted from the facial contour. The types of masks are then classified by new features extracted from the spatial and frequency curves. With appropriate thresholds and a voting method, the total recall accuracy of the proposed algorithm can achieve 96.21%. Especially, the recall accuracy for images without mask can reach 99.21%.

关键词： 3d data processing depth camera face mask identification

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Automatic generation of as-is BEM models of buildings

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JOURNAL OF BUILdING ENGINEERING 2023年 73卷

作者： Adan, A. Ramon, A. Vivancos, J. L. Vilar, A. Aparicio-Fernandez, A. Univ Castilla La Mancha Visual Comp & Robot Lab 3D Ciudad Real Spain Univ Politecn Valencia Project Management Innovat & Sustainabil Res Ctr P Valencia 46022 Spain Univ Politecn Valencia Ctr Invest Tecnol Edificac CITE Valencia 46022 Spain

This paper shows a method with which to create a proprietary as-is 3d semantic thermal model of a building and transform it into standard BEM formats. Geometric and relational information regarding the essential structural elements of the building (i.e., zone, ceiling, floor, wall, door, etc.) is, together with their corresponding as-is temperatures, first extracted from thermal points clouds of the scene and then adapted to the standard geometric BEM requirements. Nongeometric properties concerning definitions and properties of envelopes, windows and doors are also defined as essential information. After all this information has been collected, a BEM file is eventually generated in order to be used in energy simulation software. One of the specific features of this work is the generation of as-is BIM formats of the interior of a building that are later adapted for energy simulation applications in EnergyPlus and TRNSYS software. An ASCII file containing the temperatures of the main structural elements of the building is also created. The method has been tested on real thermal point clouds of the ground floor of a building, yielding promising results.

关键词： 3d data processing Thermal point clouds 3d semantic thermal model Scan-to-BEM

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The 3d GeoInfo Journey from 2006 to 2022: A Reflection

The 3D GeoInfo Journey from 2006 to 2022: A Reflection

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18th International 3d GeoInfo Conference

作者： Rahman, Alias Abdul Univ Teknol Malaysia 3D GIS Res Lab Fac Built Environm & Surveying Johor Baharu 81310 Johor Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9783031437014;9783031436994;9783031436987

This paper describes research on 3d GIS and the related studies undertaken by the community that were published and presented at the 3d GeoInfo conferences from 2006 to 2022: the first conference was organized in Kuala Lumpur and the 17th conference in Sydney. Several earlier works (published prior to 2006) are also part of the compilation, forming a basis of the 3d GIS research literature and part of the introduction of this paper. Almost all events in the series are described, with the exception of the Wuhan version. The descriptions are categorized into two decades, and the reflections of the 3d GIS research, and development (R-&-d) are highlighted towards the end of the paper.

关键词： 3d spatial data 3d spatial modelling 3d data processing 3d spatial database 3d visualization 3d city modelling digital twins 3d geoinformation

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NeedLR: Streamlining Point Cloud Annotation for Enhanced Machine Learning Integration

NeedLR: Streamlining Point Cloud Annotation for Enhanced Mac...

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Practice and Experience in Advanced Research Computing (PEARC)

作者： Stone, Gunner Tavakkoli, Alireza Univ Nevada Reno NV 89557 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798400704192

With the rising popularity of remote sensing across various scientific and engineering disciplines, the demand for efficient analysis of point cloud data has surged. However, the inherent complexity and volume of point cloud data pose considerable obstacles to human annotation efforts, which are an essential step within the machine learning pipeline for generating accurate training datasets. NeedLR emerges as a solution, offering a robust, userfriendly platform tailored for precise and streamlined point cloud annotation. By harnessing GPU-accelerated visualization, NeedLR facilitates interactive 3d manipulation of point clouds, granting users an intuitive means to dive into their data. Further optimized for efficient RAM usage and employing parallel computing strategies, NeedLR achieves great performance across varied computing environments. Its accessible interface broadens user engagement, rendering it a prime candidate for crowdsourced annotation initiatives and enhancing its utility in machine learning endeavors. This paper presents NeedLR, exploring its development, key features, and the user-centric philosophy that shapes its design. We highlight the potential for NeedLR's role in enhancing current point cloud annotation techniques, merging operational efficiency with broad access to empower users across disciplines.

关键词： point cloud annotation machine learning 3d data processing superpoint-graph complex networks

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Thermal point clouds of buildings: A review

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ENERGY ANd BUILdINGS 2022年 274卷

作者： Ramon, Amanda Adan, Antonio Javier Castilla, Francisco Univ Castilla La Mancha 3D Visual Comp & Robot Lab E-13071 Ciudad Real Spain Univ Castilla La Mancha Civil Engn & Construct Dept E-13071 Ciudad Real Spain

New methodologies that explore and identify energy problems of buildings can be defined by using three-dimensional thermal models over time. The acquisition of thermal point clouds is the primary link in a chain that ends with a semantic Building Information Model (BIM) that contains energetic parame-ters. This literature review attempts to outline the current state of the art as regards the most important stages in this path by discussing the topics of thermal point cloud acquisition systems, 3d thermal semantic models, exportation to thermal models and the current applications of thermal point clouds in Architecture, Engineering and Construction. Special mention is made of the limitations and gaps in each stage. As a summary, it can be stated that only simple thermal BIM models of single constructive elements have been defined to date, and that a long path must be followed in order to automatically obtain a thermal BIM model of a multi-story building. (c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Thermal point clouds Building energy model Infrared thermography 3d data processing Building information modelling

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