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Smart detection of leaf wilting by 3d image processing and 2d Fourier transform

COMPUTERS ANd ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE 2013年 90卷 68-75页

作者： Cai, X. Sun, Y. Zhao, Y. damerow, L. Lammers, P. Schulze Sun, W. Lin, J. Zheng, L. Tang, Y. China Agr Univ Coll Informat & Elect Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Beijing Forestry Univ Sch Technol Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Univ Bonn Dept Agr Engn D-53115 Bonn Germany

Wilting is a common symptom in plants responding to drought stress. Early wilting detection is of high importance for crop precision management. However, it is challenging to develop a reliable measurement technology. This study presents a sensing method based on three-dimensional (3d) images that are generated by a laser scanner. A leaf wilting index (LWI2dFT) is defined from the spectrum of a two-dimensional (2d) Fourier transform (FT), in which a leaf is equivalent to a mathematical surface in 3d space, and thus a wilting process refers to a series of the curved surfaces. To verify the effectiveness of the index LWI2dFT, we applied our method to zucchini plants (Cucurbita pepo L.) 17 days after they emerged from the soil. The laboratory experiments included two periods of 10 days each. From six leaves of three plants tested in the first period, it was observed that this index was capable of sensing the stress response of the zucchini from slight wilting to severe stress levels. The regression results between LWI2dFT and ambient temperature (T-air) fitted a linear equation with 0.814 <= R-2 <= 0.908, and those between LWI2dFT and the photosynthetically active radiation (L-PAR) with 0.696 <= R-2 <= 0.856. In the second period we repeated the measurements with new samples to validate our results. A good correlation (0.609 <= R-2 <= 0.899 for T-air, 0.748 <= R-2 <= 0.892 for L-PAR) confirmed the reliability of our proposed method. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 2d Fourier transform (2dFT) 3d image processing Laser scanner Wilting identification Zucchini

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A 3d image processing method for manufacturing process automation

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COMPUTERS IN INdUSTRY 2005年第8-9期56卷 975-985页

作者： Zhao, dM Li, ST Univ Michigan Dearborn MI 48128 USA

Three-dimensional (3d) image processing provides a useful tool for machine vision applications. Typically a 3d vision system is divided into data acquisition, low-level processing, object representation and matching. In this paper, a 3d object pose estimation method is developed for an automated manufacturing assembly process. The experimental results show that the 3d pose estimation method produces accurate geometrical information for an automated material handling application. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： range imaging 3d image processing pose estimation 3d object recognition pattern recognition robot vision manufacturing technology

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FPGA HARdWARE dESIGN FOR PLENOPTIC 3d image processing ALGORITHM TARGETING A MOBILE APPLICATION

FPGA HARDWARE DESIGN FOR PLENOPTIC 3D IMAGE PROCESSING ALGOR...

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： Bhatti, Faraz Greiner, Thomas Pforzheim Univ Pforzheim Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781728176055

Over the past years, widespread use of applications based on 3d image processing has increased rapidly. It is being employed in various fields, such as research, medicine and automation. Plenoptic camera system is used to capture light-field that can be exploited to estimate the 3d depth of the scene. The respective algorithms consist of a large number of computation-intensive instructions. It eventually leads to the problem of large execution time of the algorithm. Moreover, they require substantial amount of memory cells for the storage of intermediate and final results. desktop GPU based solutions are power intensive and therefore cannot be used in the mobile applications with low energy requirements. The idea presented in this paper is to use the FPGA based hardware design to improve the performance of a 3d depth estimation algorithm by utilizing the advantage of concurrent execution. The algorithm is implemented, evaluated and the results show that FPGA design reduces the respective execution time significantly.

关键词： Plenoptic camera light-field camera 3d image processing FPGA hardware and optimizations

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Advanced time-of-flight range camera with novel real-time 3d image processing

Advanced time-of-flight range camera with novel real-time 3D...

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Conference on Optics and Photonics for Information processing

作者： Koenig, Bernhard Hosticka, Bedrich Mengel, Peter Listl, Ludwig Siemens AG Corp Technol Otto Hahn Ring 6 D-81739 Munich Germany Fraunhofer Inst Microelect Circuits & Syst D-47057 Duisburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468437

We present a solid state range camera covering measuring distances from 2 in to 25 in and novel real-time 3d image processing algorithms for object detection, tracking and classification based on the three-dimensional features of the carnera's output data. The technology is based on a 64x8 pixel array CMOS image sensor(1) which is capable of capturing three-dimensional images by executing indirect time-of-flight (ToF) measurement of NIR laser pulses emitted by the camera and reflected by the objects in the cameras field of view. Here the so-called "multiple double short time integration" (MdSI) method(2) enables unprecedented reliability and robustness with respect to suppression of background irradiance and insensitiveness to reflectivity variations in the object scene. Output data are conventional intensity values and distance values with accuracies in the centimeter range at image repetition rates up to 100 Hz. An evaluation of the camera's performance in typical road safety related test scenarios is subject of this paper. Furthermore we introduce real-time image processing of the output data stream of the camera aiming at the segmentation of objects being located in the camera's surrounding and the derivation of reliable position, speed and acceleration estimates. The segmentation algorithm utilizes the position information of all three spatial dimensions as well as the intensity values and thus yields significant segmentation improvement compared to segmentation in conventional 2d pictures. Position, velocity and acceleration values of the segmented objects are estimated by means of Kalman filtering in 3d space. The filter is dynamically adapting to the measurement conditions to take care of changes of the scene data properties. Flow and performance of the whole processing chain are presented by means of example scenes.

关键词： 3d camera time-of-flight measurement CMOS range imaging 3d image processing Kalman filter active safety applications

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In vivo multiphoton microscopy associated to 3d image processing for human skin characterization

<i>In vivo</i> multiphoton microscopy associated to 3D image...

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Conference on Multiphoton Microscopy in the Biomedical Sciences XII

作者： Baldeweck, T. Tancrede, E. dokladal, P. Koudoro, S. Morard, V. Meyer, F. decenciere, E. Pena, A. -M. LOreal Res & Innovat Aulnay Sous Bois France Hop St Louis Ctr Rech Bioclin LOreal Res & Innovat Paris France MINES Paris Tech Ctr Morphol Math Math & Syst Fontainebleau France

ISBN: (纸本)9780819488695

Multiphoton microscopy has emerged in the past decade as a promising non-invasive skin imaging technique. The aim of this study was to assess whether multiphoton microscopy coupled to specific 3d image processing tools could provide new insights into the organization of different skin components and their age-related changes. For that purpose, we performed a clinical trial on 15 young and 15 aged human female volunteers on the ventral and dorsal side of the forearm using the dermaInspect(R) medical imaging device. We visualized the skin by taking advantage of intrinsic multiphoton signals from cells, elastic and collagen fibers. We also developed 3d image processing algorithms adapted to in vivo multiphoton images of human skin in order to extract quantitative parameters in each layer of the skin (epidermis and superficial dermis). The results show that in vivo multiphoton microscopy is able to evidence several skin alterations due to skin aging: morphological changes in the epidermis and modifications in the quantity and organization of the collagen and elastic fibers network. In conclusion, the association of multiphoton microscopy with specific image processing allows the three-dimensional organization of skin components to be visualized and quantified thus providing a powerful tool for cosmetic and dermatological investigations.

关键词： second harmonic generation two-photon excited fluorescence fibrillar collagen elastic fibers skin in vivo multiphoton microscopy 3d image processing quantification

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Gesture recognition using novel efficient and robust 3d image processing

Gesture recognition using novel efficient and robust 3D imag...

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10th International Forum on Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications

作者： Liu, B. Suenkel, T. Jesorsky, O. Kompe, R. Hornegger, J. 3SOFT GMBH Vis Solut Grp Frauenweiherstr 14 D-90765 Erlangen Germany Univ Erlangen Nurnberg Nurnberg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)3540334092

Hand gestures as a natural form for communication have attracted many research efforts. In this paper we present a hand-gesture control system for drivers or passengers based on a new generation of a 3d imaging sensor, which generates both a grey image and a range image of the scene. In this gesture recognition system, we take the hand as one entity, and only the 3d position or the trajectory of the hand centroid is interesting for the system. The advantages of the proposed system over other gesture recognition techniques are its robust and real-time recognition, effective suppression of background illumination, and no need of additional devices or markers to be attached. As a driver assistance system, the proposed gesture-recognition system is natural, robust, efficient and practical.

关键词： gesture recognition hand detection driver assistance systems 3d image processing human machine interface 3d vision out-of-position detection

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System on chip approach for a SIMd architecture dedicated to 2d and 3d image processing

System on chip approach for a SIMD architecture dedicated to...

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Conference on Real-Time Imaging VII

作者： denoulet, J dulac, d ESIEE Sophia Antipolis Lab A2SI F-06902 Sophia Antipolis France

ISBN: (纸本)0819448125

The Associative Mesh, a reconfigurable, asynchronous and massively parallel SIMd architecture, is a hardware transposition of the Associative Nets model, where each entity, to achieve maximal efficiency, is supposed to stand for one pixel of an image. Global operations in the circuit are performed using an asynchronous electronic. This implementation allows for a very fast computation time - about a microsecond - and with a crossing time of each processor of about a nanosecond. Asynchronism also allows the design to save area, power and reach a higher clock frequency. Most of the image analysis algorithns for 2d or 3d set of datas can be implemented using the Associative Mesh. Our objective is to implement a full-size Associative Mesh with a SoC aim. To achieve this, we have studied the contribution of processors' virtualisation. We show that, provided a reorganisation of the synchronous part of the circuit, it offers a significant area gain which increases with the. degree of virtualisation (reaching 20% for a degree equal to 16). We also discuss how virtualisation preserves the architecture's performances, and is useful to adapt the circuit to 3d treatments. Algorithm evaluations show that this architecture is compatible with real-time 2d and 3d image processing.

关键词： SIMd reconfigurability asynchronism virtualisation 3d image processing

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Fast 2d and 3d image processing with OpenCL

Fast 2D and 3D image processing with OpenCL

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IEEE International Conference on image processing, ICIP 2015

作者： dantas, daniel Oliveira danilo Passos Leal, Helton Sousa, davy Oliveira Barros Universidade Federal de Sergipe Departamento de Computação Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781479983391

image processing with GPUs requires the use of an API like OpenCL or CUdA. A higher level library that hides these APIs is a better option if the programmer does not need to fine tune or implement his own image processing operations. Among recent libraries that support OpenCL, there are Open-CLIPP and OpenCV, although none of them supports 3d images. Using OpenCL, however, is not as simple as programming CPUs, and many API calls are needed to prepare the environment before calling the image processing function (shader). In this article we describe a library with a code generator that, from a few directives merged in a shader source code, generates a wrapper code with all the OpenCL API calls needed before calling the shader, simplifying, thus, the maintenance of an image processing library. The proposed library performance is better than OpenCV, CImg, ITK libraries for all the tested operators. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Context dICOM Graphics processing units image processing Libraries Random access memory Three-dimensional displays 3d image processing OpenCL OpenGL

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FAST 2d ANd 3d image processing WITH OPENCL

FAST 2D AND 3D IMAGE PROCESSING WITH OPENCL

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IEEE International Conference on image processing

作者： daniel Oliveira dantas Helton danilo Passos Leal davy Oliveira Barros Sousa Universidade Federal de Sergipe Departamento de Computacao

ISBN: (纸本)9781479983407

关键词： OpenCL OpenGL 3d image processing image processing Libraries Code generation API Application programming interfaces AXIAL POWER INdICATOR American Petroleum Institute calls Computer personnel Three-dimensional images

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3d display and image processing System for Metal Bellows Welding

3D Display and Image Processing System for Metal Bellows Wel...

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Conference on Three-dimensional Imaging, Visualization, and display 2010 and display Technologies and Applications for defence, Security, and Avionics IV

作者： Park, Min-Chul Son, Jung-Young KIST Photon Sensor Syst Seoul South Korea Daegu Univ Sch Comp & Commun Eng Daegu South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9780819481542

Industrial welded metal Bellows is in shape of flexible pipeline. The most common form of bellows is as pairs of washer-shaped discs of thin sheet metal stamped from strip stock. Performing arc welding operation may cause dangerous accidents and bad smells. Furthermore, in the process of welding operation, workers have to observe the object directly through microscope adjusting the vertical and horizontal positions of welding rod tip and the bellows fixed on the jig, respectively. Welding looking through microscope makes workers feel tired. To improve working environment that workers sit in an uncomfortable position and productivity we introduced 3d display and image processing. Main purpose of the system is not only to maximize the efficiency of industrial productivity with accuracy but also to keep the safety standards with the full automation of work by distant remote controlling.

关键词： 3d displays Metals Microscopes image processing 3d image processing Control systems Computing systems Glasses Polarization Safety

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