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From game to beyond game: Exploring the role of 3d rendering technology in user immersion and virtual consumption in the Metaverse

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dECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS 2025年 189卷

作者： Zhang, Guihua Bhagat, Sarbottam Lee, Sung Ho Kim, dae Wan Kim, dan J. Xinyang Normal Univ Business Sch Xinyang Peoples R China Univ Wisconsin Eau Claire Informat Syst Eau Claire WI USA Korean Telecommun R&D Dept Seoul South Korea Yeungnam Univ Gyongsan South Korea Univ North Texas G Brint Ryan Coll Business Informat Technol & Decis Sci Denton TX 76205 USA

The Metaverse is a virtual shared space that merges physical and digital realities, allowing users to have immersive experiences with avatars and interact in various ways such as socializing, gaming, and commerce. despite ongoing research on rendering technology and its impact on user immersion, empathy, and virtual consumption from a perspective of social needs, the field is still in its infancy. Little attention has been paid to the role of 3d rendering technology in user immersion synesthesia and virtual consumption in the Metaverse. To address this gap, this study adopts the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) model as an overarching theoretical framework and proposes a research model exploring the relationship between user needs and rendering technology as stimuli, user immersion, and empathy as the organism, and virtual consumption behavior as the response. Using empirical user data from Metaverse platforms, the study examines the proposed model. The findings reveal that rendering technology and user needs positively influence user immersion and stimulate virtual consumption. This study provides a new perspective and theoretical foundation for research on Metaverse platforms and expands the scope of virtual consumption studies.

关键词： 3d rendering Metaverse User immersion User empathy Virtual consumption

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On utilization of the grid computing technology for video conversion and 3d rendering

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COMPUTER STANdARdS & INTERFACES 2010年第1-2期32卷 29-37页

作者： Yang, Chao-Tung Shih, Wen-Chung Hsu, Ching-Hsien Tunghai Univ Dept Comp Sci High Performance Comp Lab Taichung 40704 Taiwan Asia Univ Dept Informat Sci & Applicat Taichung 41354 Taiwan Chung Hua Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Hsinchu 30012 Taiwan

In this paper, we investigate the recent popular computing technique called grid computing, and use video conversion and 3d rendering applications to demonstrate this technology's effectiveness and high performance. We also report on developing a resource broker called Phantom that runs on our grid computing testbed and whose main function is querying nodes in grid computing environments and showing their system information to aid in selecting the best nodes for job assignments to have the jobs executed in the least amount of time. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Grid computing Resource broker Job submission Video conversion 3d rendering

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Assessment of the accuracy of imaging software for 3d rendering of the upper airway, usable in orthodontic and craniofacial clinical settings

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PROGRESS IN ORTHOdONTICS 2022年第1期23卷 22页

作者： Lo Giudice, Antonino Ronsivalle, Vincenzo Gastaldi, Giorgio Leonardi, Rosalia Univ Catania Policlin Univ Gaspare Rodol San Marco Sch Dent Dept Gen Surg & Med Surg SpecialtiesUnit Orthodo Via Santa Sofia 78 I-95123 Catania Italy Univ Vita Salute San Raffaele Dept Orthodont Milan Italy

Background Several semi-automatic software are available for the three-dimensional reconstruction of the airway from dICOM files. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the segmentation of the upper airway testing four free source and one commercially available semi-automatic software. A total of 20 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) were selected to perform semi-automatic segmentation of the upper airway. The software tested were Invesalius, ITK-Snap, dolphin 3d, 3d Slicer and Seg3d. The same upper airway models were manually segmented (Mimics software) and set as the gold standard (GS) reference of the investigation. A specific 3d imaging technology was used to perform the superimposition between the upper airway model obtained with semi-automatic software and the GS model, and to perform the surface-to-surface matching analysis. The accuracy of semi-automatic segmentation was evaluated calculating the volumetric mean differences (mean bias and limits of agreement) and the percentage of matching of the upper airway models compared to the manual segmentation (GS). Qualitative assessments were performed using color-coded maps. All data were statistically analyzed for software comparisons. Results Statistically significant differences were found in the volumetric dimensions of the upper airway models and in the matching percentage among the tested software (p < 0.001). Invesalius was the most accurate software for 3d rendering of the upper airway (mean bias = 1.54 cm(3);matching = 90.05%) followed by ITK-Snap (mean bias = - 2.52 cm(3);matching = 84.44%), Seg 3d (mean bias = 3.21 cm(3), matching = 87.36%), 3d Slicer (mean bias = - 4.77 cm(3);matching = 82.08%) and dolphin 3d (difference mean = - 6.06 cm(3);matching = 78.26%). According to the color-coded map, the dis-matched area was mainly located at the most anterior nasal region of the airway. Volumetric data showed excellent inter-software reliability (GS vs semi-automatic software), with coeffici

关键词： 3d rendering Upper airway OSAS Cone-beam computed tomography Orthodontics

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3d rendering of Radiological Images Using Java Secure Technologies

3D Rendering of Radiological Images Using Java Secure Techno...

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International Conference on Advancements of Medicine and Health Care Through Technology

作者： Chiorean, L. Vaida, M-F. Tech Univ Cluj Napoca Dept Commun Cluj Napoca Romania

ISBN: (纸本)9783642042911

The paper presents an application implemented for 3d rendering in the medical domain, especially for radiological images. For deployments we used Java and VTK technologies. The application allows selecting a pathological area on every 2d image, to reconstruct the pathological volume and rendering it in the entire tissue volume. It also offers facilities for multi-planar reformatting. The application is intended to be used for maxillo-facial tumor rendering in 3d space, to evaluate the volume and to assist the diagnosis process.

关键词： 3d rendering multi-planar reformatting dICOM files volume rendering surface rendering

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Automated 3d rendering of Ribs in 110 Polytrauma Patients: Strengths and Limitations

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ACAdEMIC RAdIOLOGY 2017年第2期24卷 146-152页

作者： Khung, Suonita Masset, Pauline duhamel, Alain Faivre, Jean-Baptiste Flohr, Thomas Remy, Jacques Remy-Jardin, Martine Hosp Calmette Dept Thorac Imaging Lille France Univ Lille Dept Biostat CHU Lille EA 2694 F-59000 Lille France Siemens Healthcare GmBh Dept Res & Dev Comp Tomog Forchheim Germany

Rationale and Objectives: To evaluate the strengths and limitations of a rib-unfolding software in a polytrauma context. Materials and Methods: Chest computed tomography (CT) examinations of 110 patients were reviewed for specific detection of rib fractures using: (1) transverse CT sections multiplanar reformattings (ie, the standard of reference), and (2) unfolded rib images reconstructed by the CT Bone Reading software with the possibility of rib analysis along their long axis and creation of standard orthogonal views in different orientations of any area suspected of fracture. Results: The software provided complete reconstruction of the whole rib cage in 94 patients (85.5%) and partially incomplete reconstruction in 16 patients (14.5%). The percentage of ribs inadequately reconstructed was 1.5% (40 of 2640 ribs), mainly related to unfused epiphyses (13 of 40), costal hypoplasia (8 of 40), and vertebral fracture (6 of 40). The sensitivity and specificity in detecting rib fractures at a per-patient, per-rib, and per-costal arc level ranged from 0.73 to 0.84 and 0.99 to 1, respectively. At a costal arc level, the reader's misinterpretations accounted for 67% (4 of 6) of false-positive and 24% (20/84) of false-negative results, and interpretive difficulties were encountered for single-cortex fractures or fractures at the extremities of the costal shaft. Conclusions: An accurate diagnosis of rib fracture was achieved with the reading of unfolded rib images. In a polytrauma context, the evaluated system could facilitate rib analysis.

关键词： Chest chest wall CT trauma 3d rendering

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defining vascular signatures of malignant hepatic masses: role of MdCT with 3d rendering

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ABdOMINAL IMAGING 2013年第4期38卷 763-773页

作者： Ahmed, Sameer Johnson, Pamela T. Fishman, Elliot K. Johns Hopkins Univ Sch Med Baltimore MD 21287 USA Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp Dept Radiol Baltimore MD 21287 USA

Malignant hepatic masses, both primary and metastatic lesions, have characteristic CT appearances and enhancement patterns. Owing to advances in CT resolution, high-quality vascular maps can be generated with 3d rendering tools to aid hepatic mass evaluation. These renderings enable identification of neovascularity, which is critical for distinguishing malignant from benign lesions, and facilitate identification of small hyperenhancing malignant hepatic tumors. In this review, CT features of malignant hepatic masses are discussed in conjunction with a demonstration of the role for 3d vascular mapping.

关键词： Computed tomography Liver 3d rendering Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver metastases

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3d rendering of Geo-Spatial data in XML/GML Using Python

3D Rendering of Geo-Spatial Data in XML/GML Using Python

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作者： Salisu, Aliyu Ahmadu Bello University

学位级别：硕士

Geographic information (also called geo-information, spatial information or geospatial information) plays an increasingly important role in our society. Location-based services, applications for urban planning, disaster management systems rely on up-to-date geospatial data. Geo-spatial data as a major component of every Geographic Information System has been facing many challenges in its use including: portability, maintainability, interoperability, accessibility and unavailability of digital dataset. This work proposes a framework for the 3d rendering of Geo-spatial data in XML/GML which are MarkUp Languages that encodes Geo-spatial information in the Web. With our framework, we were able to extract Geo-spatial information from the satellite imagery of an area covered by the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, then store this information in a spatially enabled database interfaced with our Python engine which now renders this geo-spatial information in GML. The basic idea is to render this geographic information in a unique environment (the Web) that will make this data portable, accessible, maintainable and interoperable. The approach reveals interesting results as it was discovered that the framework with a little extension can be adopted to serve geographic data in other XML-base technologies capable of holding geographic information like City GML, X3d and KML.

关键词： 3d rendering Geo-Spatial data XML/GML Python

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Processing-in-Memory Enabled Graphics Processors for 3d rendering 23

Processing-in-Memory Enabled Graphics Processors for 3D Rend...

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23rd IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA)

作者： Xie, Chenhao Song, Shuaiwen Leon Wang, Jing Zhang, Weigong Fu, Xin Univ Houston ECE Dept Houston TX 77004 USA PNNL HPC Grp Richland WA USA Capital Normal Univ Coll Informat Engn Beijing Adv Innovat Ctr Imaging Technol Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509049851

The performance of 3d rendering of Graphics Processing Unit that converts 3d vector stream into 2d frame with 3d image effects significantly impacts users gaming experience on modern computer systems. due to its high texture throughput requirement, main memory bandwidth becomes a critical obstacle for improving the overall rendering performance. 3d-stacked memory systems such as Hybrid Memory Cube provide opportunities to significantly overcome the memory wall by directly connecting logic controllers to dRAM dies. Although recent works have shown promising improvement in performance by utilizing HMC to accelerate special-purpose applications, a critical challenge of how to effectively leverage its high internal bandwidth and computing capability in GPU for 3d rendering remains unresolved. Based on the observation that texel fetches greatly impact off-chip memory traffic, we propose two architectural designs to enable Processing-In-Memory based GPU for efficient 3d rendering. Additionally, we employ camera angles of pixels to control the performance-quality tradeoff of 3d rendering. Extensive evaluation across several real-world games demonstrates that our design can significantly improve the performance of texture filtering and 3d rendering by an average of 3.97X (up to 6.4X) and 43% (up to 65%) respectively, over the baseline GPU. Meanwhile, our design provides considerable memory traffic and energy reduction without sacrificing rendering quality.

关键词： GPU Processing-In-Memory 3d-Stacked Memory Approximate Computing 3d rendering

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Perception-Oriented 3d rendering Approximation for Modern Graphics Processors 24

Perception-Oriented 3D Rendering Approximation for Modern Gr...

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24th IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA)

作者： Xie, Chenhao Fu, Xin Song, Shuaiwen Leon Univ Houston ECMOS Lab ECE Dept Houston TX 77004 USA PNNL High Performance Comp Grp Richland WA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781538636596

Anisotropic filtering enabled by modern rasterization-based GPUs provides users with extremely authentic visualization experience, but significantly limits the performance and energy efficiency of 3d rendering process due to its large texture data requirement. To improve 3d rendering efficiency, we build a bridge between anisotropic filtering process and human visual system by analyzing users' perception on image quality. We discover that anisotropic filtering does not impact user perceived image quality on every pixel. This motives us to approximate the anisotropic filtering process for non-perceivable pixels in order to improve the overall 3d rendering performance without damaging user experience. To achieve this goal, we propose a perception-oriented runtime approximation model for 3d rendering by leveraging the inner-relationship between anisotropic and isotropic filtering. We also provide a low-cost texture unit design for enabling this approximation. Extensive evaluation on modern 3d games demonstrates that, under a conservative tuning point, our design achieves a significant average speedup of 17% for the overall 3d rendering along with 11% total GPU energy reduction, without visible image quality loss from users' perception. It also reduces the texture filtering latency by an average of 29%. Additionally, it creates a unique perception-based tuning space for performance-quality tradeoffs on graphics processors.

关键词： GPU Approximate Computing 3d rendering User-Oriented Study

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The effect of angular resolution and 3d rendering on the perceived quality of the industrial use cases of light field visualization 16

The effect of angular resolution and 3D rendering on the per...

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16th International Conference on Signal-Image Technology and Internet-Based Systems (SITIS)

作者： Kara, Peter A. Guindy, Mary Xinyu, Qiu Szakal, Vince A. Balogh, Tibor Simon, Aniko Budapest Univ Technol & Econ Budapest Hungary Kingston Univ London England Holografika Budapest Hungary Pazmany Peter Catholic Univ Budapest Hungary Sigma Technol Budapest Hungary

ISBN: (纸本)9781665464956

Light field displays enable glasses-free 3d visualization without major constraints regarding the number of simultaneous viewers. There are numerous potential future use case contexts for such devices. Industrial contexts include prototype review and other types of modeling use cases, where the visualized content may vary a lot in terms of complexity and dimensions. However, the perception of 3d models with higher structural fidelity may be severely affected by the ray density of visualization. Furthermore, as the visualized content is always the sharpest in the plane of the screen of the light field display, rendering with greater depth may already result in blurred regions even if the angular resolution is high. In this paper, the effect of angular resolution and 3d rendering on the perceived quality of the industrial use cases of light field visualization is explored via a subjective study. The structurally-diverse source contents are rendered with different depth values, and the resulting test stimuli are created in seven extents of angular resolution, ranging between 0.5 degrees and 2 degrees. The obtained results not only exhibit the combined effect of the investigated features, but also highlight methodological considerations.

关键词： light field angular resolution 3d rendering visualization quality quality of experience

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