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Standardization of CAd drawing Formats and GeoJSON-Based Processing for 3d spatial data Extraction of Underground Utilities

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BUILdINGS 2024年第12期14卷 3980-3980页

作者： Lee, Jongseo Kim, Yudoo Moon, Il-Young Movements Co Ltd Movements Res Ctr Seoul 06651 South Korea Dongyang Mirae Univ Dept Artificial Intelligence Seoul 08221 South Korea Korea Univ Technol & Educ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Cheonan 31253 South Korea

The traditional construction industry has predominantly relied on labor-intensive methods, resulting in significantly lower efficiency and productivity compared to other industries. According to a report by the Korea Productivity Center (KPC), the productivity of the construction industry is approximately 24.5% lower than that of the manufacturing sector and 15.7% lower than that of the service sector, highlighting a significant productivity gap. To enhance efficiency and productivity in the construction sector, the South Korean government, led by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport, has announced a policy aimed at achieving 100% adoption of smart construction technologies by 2025. In this paper, we propose a methodology for standardizing the format of underground utilities plan drawings by incorporating 3d coordinates, shapes, and attribute information to facilitate the digital transformation of construction site data. Furthermore, we introduce a standardized approach for extracting data from these drawings and converting them into 3d spatial data in the GeoJSON (Geographic JavaScript Object Notation) format. The experimental results of the technology for processing structured drawings into 3d spatial data demonstrated that all data were successfully converted without any omissions.

关键词： digital transformation 3d spatial data underground utilities plan smart construction technology

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Benchmarking the robustness of the correct identification of flexible 3d objects using common machine learning models

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PATTERNS 2025年第1期6卷 101147页

作者： Zhang, Yang Vitalis, Andreas Univ Zurich Dept Biochem CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland

True three-dimensional (3d) data are prevalent in domains such as molecular science or computer vision. In these data, machine learning models are often asked to identify objects subject to intrinsic flexibility. Our study introduces two datasets from molecular science to assess the classification robustness of common model/feature combinations. Molecules are flexible, and shapes alone offer intra-class heterogeneities that yield a high risk for confusions. By blocking training and test sets to reduce overlap, we establish a baseline requiring the trained models to abstract from shape. As training data coverage grows, all tested architectures perform better on unseen data with reduced overfitting. Empirically, 2d embeddings of voxelized data produced the best-performing models. Evidently, both featurization and task-appropriate model design are of continued importance, the latter point reinforced by comparisons to recent, more specialized models. Finally, we show that the shape abstraction learned from database samples extends to samples that are evolving explicitly in time.

关键词： flexible object recognition machine learning benchmark set molecular dynamics featurization structural representation molecular science 3d spatial data

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The 3d GeoInfo Journey from 2006 to 2022: A Reflection

The 3D GeoInfo Journey from 2006 to 2022: A Reflection

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18th International 3d GeoInfo Conference

作者： Rahman, Alias Abdul Univ Teknol Malaysia 3D GIS Res Lab Fac Built Environm & Surveying Johor Baharu 81310 Johor Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9783031437014;9783031436994;9783031436987

This paper describes research on 3d GIS and the related studies undertaken by the community that were published and presented at the 3d GeoInfo conferences from 2006 to 2022: the first conference was organized in Kuala Lumpur and the 17th conference in Sydney. Several earlier works (published prior to 2006) are also part of the compilation, forming a basis of the 3d GIS research literature and part of the introduction of this paper. Almost all events in the series are described, with the exception of the Wuhan version. The descriptions are categorized into two decades, and the reflections of the 3d GIS research, and development (R-&-d) are highlighted towards the end of the paper.

关键词： 3d spatial data 3d spatial modelling 3d data processing 3d spatial database 3d visualization 3d city modelling digital twins 3d geoinformation

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A Robust and Scalable Pipeline for the Real-time Processing and Analysis of Massive 3d spatial Streams 21

A Robust and Scalable Pipeline for the Real-time Processing ...

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21st International Conference on Information Integration and Web-Based Applications and Services (iiWAS)

作者： Shaikh, Salman Ahmed Lee, Jun Matono, Akiyoshi Kim, Kyoung-Sook Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol Artificial Intelligence Res Ctr Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781450371797

With the increase in the use of 3d scanner to sample the earth surface, there is a surge in the availability of 3d spatial data. 3d spatial data contains a wealth of information and can be of potential use if integrated, processed and analyzed in real-time. The 3d spatial data is generated as continuous data stream, however due to its size, velocity and inherent noise, it is processed offline. Many applications require real-time processing and analysis of spatial stream, for-instance, forest fire management, real-time road traffic analysis, disaster engulfed areas monitoring, etc., however they suffer from slow offline processing of traditional systems. This paper presents and demonstrates a robust and scalable pipeline for the real-time processing and analysis of 3d spatial streams. An experimental evaluation is also presented to prove the effectiveness of the proposed framework.

关键词： 3d spatial data Point cloud data Stream processing Real-time processing Real-time analysis

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Improving rendering speed of 3d geospatial data based on HTML5/WebGL using improved arithmetic operation speed

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF URBAN SCIENCES 2019年第3期23卷 303-317页

作者： Kang, Seokchan Lee, Jiyeong Univ Seoul Dept Geoinformat GSE 163 Seoulsiripdae Ro Seoul South Korea

The plug-in must be installed in the web environment to enable 3d spatial data service. Increasingly, these plug-ins are unused owing to installation errors, unsupported cross-browser compatibility, and security vulnerabilities. Specifically, in 2015, the NPAPI service was terminated and is now running only on applications based on Internet Explorer. In response, HTML5/WebGL (next-generation Web standard, confirmed in October 2014) technology has emerged. WebGL has been able to display 3d spatial data without any plug-in in any browser. In this study, we attempted to identify the necessary technologies and limitations for 3d spatial data display using HTML5/WebGL and suggested ways to improve the display speed. We used Emscripten technology to improve the speed of arithmetic operations. To conduct an experimental implementation on the proposed method, we used the 3d data provided by 'spatial Information Open Platform (VWorld)' in Korea and analyzed the display speed of 3d spatial data in terms of frames per second and rendering time.

关键词： HTML5 WebGL Emscripten asm js 3d spatial data 3d rendering

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A Robust and Scalable Pipeline for the Real-time Processing and Analysis of Massive 3d spatial Streams 2019

A Robust and Scalable Pipeline for the Real-time Processing ...

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Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services

作者： Salman Ahmed Shaikh Jun Lee Akiyoshi Matono Kyoung-Sook Kim Artificial Intelligence Research Center National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781450371797

关键词： Stream processing Real-time analysis 3d spatial data Point cloud data Real-time processing

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A technical solution for 3d crowdsourced cadastral surveys

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LANd USE POLICY 2020年 98卷 104419-104419页

作者： Gkeli, Maria Potsiou, Chryssy Ioannidis, Charalabos Natl Tech Univ Athens NTUA 9 Iroon Polytech Str Athens 15780 Greece Natl Tech Univ Athens Sch Rural & Surveying Engineers Lab Photogrammetry 9 Iroon Polytech Str Athens 15780 Greece

The development of 3d property registration systems is indispensable for the spatial determination of property Rights, Restrictions and Responsibilities (RRR), the sustainable operation of property markets and the safeguarding of ownership in the highly urbanized world. Several developments in computer graphics, 3d modelling and rendering techniques have attracted the growing global interest in 3d cadastre. Since 2012, the Land Administration domain Model (LAdM ISO 19152) is adopted as the international standard for 2d and 3d cadastral data modelling. developed legal procedures and prototype systems for 3d property rights registration provide interesting solutions for data acquisition and visualization but such approaches are time and cost demanding. In parallel, 2d cadastral surveying procedures have progressed significantly in reducing required time and cost, utilizing crowdsourcing methodology and mobile services. This paper presents a technical solution under development, aiming to provide the beginning for a new era in the initial acquisition, registration and representation of 3d crowdsourced cadastral data, appropriate for both the developed and the developing world. The proposed solution consists of two complementary parts, the technical framework and the crowdsourced methodology to be followed. The technical framework consists of two interconnected parts, the server-side and the client-side. The server-side refers to the database Management System (dBMS) where the collected data are stored. The client-side refers to the data capturing tool, which in this case is the mobile device. For the server-side, a prototype system based on model driven architecture practices and LAdM is developed;while for the client-side, an open-source mobile application for the acquisition of 3d crowdsourced cadastral data, 3d modelling and visualization of 3d property units as block models (Lod1) on a mobile's phone screen in real-time, is developed. This research is focused on in

关键词： 3d cadastre LAdM Crowdsourcing 3d modelling Visualization 3d spatial data

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Comparison between point cloud and mesh models using images from an unmanned aerial vehicle

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MEASUREMENT 2019年 138卷 461-466页

作者： Park, Haekyung Lee, dongkun Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea

Structure from motion (SfM) is a well-known algorithm used for the generating of three-dimensional (3d) spatial information using images. The objective of this study is to compare the measurements of objects ascertained from point cloud and mesh models derived from the SfM algorithm. In particular, we analyze a single tree to determine the correlation between the number of acquired images from the UAVs and the object measurement for each model. The results indicate that the number of images does not have a critical impact on surveys and the point cloud is approximately 2% more accurate than mesh models for individual tree measurement. Our results will be useful in terms of selecting the data acquisition method as well as the data itself for measuring objects based on SfM 3d data. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： SfM 3d spatial data Tree measurement Point cloud Mesh Unmanned aerial vehicles

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design, development and usability testing of an LAdM compliant 3d Cadastral prototype system

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LANd USE POLICY 2020年 98卷 104418-104418页

作者： Cemellini, Barbara van Oosterom, Peter Thompson, Rod de Vries, Marian Delft Univ Technol Delft Netherlands

This paper describes research into the design, development and visualization of mixed 2d and 3d Cadastre. A schema has been developed to accommodate this data, with provision for a time component. This paper describes the schema, the visualization requirements, and the provision of LAdM-compatible views of the data for the purpose of developing the 3d Cadastral prototype. A significant volume of 2d+ t Cadastral data, which also contained 2d+ t footprint representations of 3d parcels, is currently incorporated in the Cadastral database of Queensland. A moderate number of 3d building units, and a smaller number of volumetric parcels have been hand-encoded (from the survey plans), and added to this database. The mixture has been disseminated and displayed in KML through Cesium JS. The visualization of cadastral parcels in 3d is a challenge, since legal boundaries are, in many cases, invisible in the real world;so how can we properly represent something that is not visible to our eyes? This paper uses the results from research looking into problems of occlusion and ambiguous perception (in terms of position, size and shape) of objects in the context of 3d cadastre visualization. The exploration of specific interaction techniques is essential to overcome these issues. After an initial internal usability test (with colleagues/ friends of the developers) our 3d Cadastres web-based dissemination prototype was improved. Next a public usability test is carried out to obtain feedback from different groups of professional users (legal, survey, ICT backgrounds). during the test, the users are asked to perform a series of tasks typical of cadastral systems. Each task is accompanied by a description to give the users some context. Then, each user is asked to reflect on his or her experience. In this paper we present the main results of the public usability test of the 3d Cadastres web-based dissemination prototype.

关键词： 3d Cadastre 3d Visualization 3d spatial data data Capture LAdM Usability testing

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MOdEL for SEMANTICALLY RICH POINT CLOUd data 12

MODEL for SEMANTICALLY RICH POINT CLOUD DATA

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12th 3d Geoinfo Conference 2017

作者： Poux, F. Neuville, R. Hallot, P. Billen, R. ULG Geomatics Unit University of Liège Liège4000 Belgium ULG Architecture LNA-DIVA University of Liège Liège4000 Belgium

This paper proposes an interoperable model for managing high dimensional point clouds while integrating semantics. Point clouds from sensors are a direct source of information physically describing a 3d state of the recorded environment. As such, they are an exhaustive representation of the real world at every scale: 3d reality-based spatial data. Their generation is increasingly fast but processing routines and data models lack of knowledge to reason from information extraction rather than interpretation. The enhanced smart point cloud developed model allows to bring intelligence to point clouds via 3 connected meta-models while linking available knowledge and classification procedures that permits semantic injection. Interoperability drives the model adaptation to potentially many applications through specialized domain ontologies. A first prototype is implemented in Python and PostgreSQL database and allows to combine semantic and spatial concepts for basic hybrid queries on different point clouds. © Authors 2017.

关键词： 3d spatial data classification data model point cloud point cloud database segmentation semantics

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