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18th International 3d GeoInfo Conference

作者： Rahman, Alias Abdul Univ Teknol Malaysia 3D GIS Res Lab Fac Built Environm & Surveying Johor Baharu 81310 Johor Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9783031437014;9783031436994;9783031436987

This paper describes research on 3d GIS and the related studies undertaken by the community that were published and presented at the 3d GeoInfo conferences from 2006 to 2022: the first conference was organized in Kuala Lumpur and the 17th conference in Sydney. Several earlier works (published prior to 2006) are also part of the compilation, forming a basis of the 3d GIS research literature and part of the introduction of this paper. Almost all events in the series are described, with the exception of the Wuhan version. The descriptions are categorized into two decades, and the reflections of the 3d GIS research, and development (R-&-d) are highlighted towards the end of the paper.

关键词： 3d spatial data 3d spatial modelling 3d data processing 3d spatial database 3d visualization 3d city modelling digital twins 3d geoinformation

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digitalization and spatial documentation of Post-Earthquake Temporary Housing in Central Italy: An Integrated Geomatic Approach Involving UAV and a GIS-Based System

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dRONES 2023年第7期7卷

作者： Tonti, Ilaria Lingua, Andrea Maria Piccinini, Fabio Pierdicca, Roberto Malinverni, Eva Savina Politecn Torino Dept Architecture & Design DAD I-10125 Turin Italy Politecn Torino Dept Environm Land & Infrastruct Engn DIATI I-10129 Turin Italy Flyengineering Srl I-62029 Tolentino Italy Univ Politecn Marche Dept Civil & Bldg Engn & Architecture DICEA I-60131 Ancona Italy

Geoinformation and aerial data collection are essential during post-earthquake emergency response. This research focuses on the long-lasting spatial impacts of temporary solutions, which have persisted in regions of Central Italy affected by catastrophic seismic events over the past 25 years, significantly and permanently altering their landscapes. The paper analyses the role of geomatic and photogrammetric tools in documenting the emergency process and projects in post-disaster phases. An Atlas of Temporary Architectures is proposed, which defines a common semantic and geometric codification for mapping temporary housing from territorial to urban and building scales. The paper presents an implementation of attribute specification in existing official cartographic data, including geometric entities in a 3d GIS data model platform for documenting and digitalising these provisional contexts. To achieve this platform, UAV point clouds are integrated with non-metric data to ensure a complete description in a multiscalar approach. Accurate topographic modifications can be captured by extracting very high-resolution orthophotos and elevation models (dSM and dTM). The results have been validated in Visso (Macerata), a small historical mountain village in Central Italy which was heavily damaged by the seismic events of 2016/2017. The integrated approach overcomes the existing gaps and emphasizes the importance of managing heterogeneous geospatial emergency data for classification purposes. It also highlights the need to enhance an interoperable knowledge base method for post-disaster temporary responses. By combining geomatic tools with architectural studies, these visualization techniques can support national and local organizations responsible for post-earthquake management through a 3d modelling method to aid future transformations or interventions following other natural disasters.

关键词： post-earthquake early recovery temporary housing GIS UAV photogrammetry 3d spatial database implementation geographical standards point clouds Central Italy emergency response

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dENdROGRAM CLUSTERING FOR 3d dATA ANALYTICS IN SMART CITY

DENDROGRAM CLUSTERING FOR 3D DATA ANALYTICS IN SMART CITY

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International Conference on Geomatic and Geospatial Technology (GGT) - Geospatial and disaster Risk Managemen

作者： Azri, S. Ujang, U. Rahman, A. Abdul Fac Built Environm & Survey Dept Geoinformat 3D GIS Res Lab Utm Johor Bahru 81310 Malaysia

Smart city is a connection of physical and social infrastructure together with the information technology to leverage the collective intelligence of the city. Cities will build huge data centres. These data are collected from sensors, social media, and legacy data sources. In order to be smart, cities needs data analysis to identify infrastructure that needs to be improved, city planning and predictive analysis for citizen safety and security. However, no matter how much smart city focus on the updated technology, data do not organize themselves in a database. Such tasks require a sophisticated database structure to produce informative data output. Furthermore, increasing number of smart cities and generated data from smart cities contributes to current phenomenon called big data. These large and complex data collections would be difficult to process using regular database management tools or traditional data processing applications. There are multiple challenges for big data, including visualization, mining, analysis, capture, storage, search, and sharing. Efficient data analysis mechanisms are necessary to search and extract valuable patterns and knowledge through the big data of smart cities. In this paper, we present a technique of three-dimensional data analytics using dendrogram clustering approach. data will be organized using this technique and several output and analyses are carried out to proof the efficiency of the structure for three -dimensional data analytics in smart city.

关键词： Smart City dendrogram Clustering 3d spatial database 3d GIS data Analytics data Structure

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3d GEOMARKETING SEGMENTATION: A HIGHER spatial dIMENSION PLANNING PERSPECTIVE

3D GEOMARKETING SEGMENTATION: A HIGHER SPATIAL DIMENSION PLA...

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International Conference on Geomatic and Geospatial Technology (GGT)

作者： Suhaibah, A. Uznir, U. Rahman, A. A. Anton, F. Mioc, d. Univ Teknol Malaysia Fac Geoinformat & Real Estate Geospatial Informat Infrastruct Res Lab GeoI2 Skudai 81310 Johor Malaysia Tech Univ Denmark Natl Space Inst Dept Geodesy Elektrovej 328 DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark

Geomarketing is a discipline which uses geographic information in the process of planning and implementation of marketing activities. It can be used in any aspect of the marketing such as price, promotion or geo targeting. The analysis of geomarketing data use a huge data pool such as location residential areas, topography, it also analyzes demographic information such as age, genre, annual income and lifestyle. This information can help users to develop successful promotional campaigns in order to achieve marketing goals. One of the common activities in geomarketing is market segmentation. The segmentation clusters the data into several groups based on its geographic criteria. To refine the search operation during analysis, we proposed an approach to cluster the data using a clustering algorithm. However, with the huge data pool, overlap among clusters may happen and leads to inefficient analysis. Moreover, geomarketing is usually active in urban areas and requires clusters to be organized in a three-dimensional (3d) way (i. e. multi-level shop lots, residential apartments). This is a constraint with the current Geographic Information System (GIS) framework. To avoid this issue, we proposed a combination of market segmentation based on geographic criteria and clustering algorithm for 3d geomarketing data management. The proposed approach is capable in minimizing the overlap region during market segmentation. In this paper, geomarketing in urban area is used as a case study. Based on the case study, several locations of customers and stores in 3d are used in the test. The experiments demonstrated in this paper substantiated that the proposed approach is capable of minimizing overlapping segmentation and reducing repetitive data entries. The structure is also tested for retrieving the spatial records from the database. For marketing purposes, certain radius of point is used to analyzing marketing targets. Based on the presented tests in this paper, we strongly believ

关键词： Geomarketing Market Segmentation Geo-Clustering 3d spatial database 3d GIS Information Retrieval

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3d NEAREST NEIGHBOUR SEARCH USING A CLUSTEREd HIERARCHICAL TREE STRUCTURE 23

3D NEAREST NEIGHBOUR SEARCH USING A CLUSTERED HIERARCHICAL T...

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23rd Congress of the International-Society-for-Photogrammetry-and-Remote-Sensing (ISPRS)

作者： Suhaibah, A. Uznir, U. Anton, F. Mioc, d. Rahman, A. A. Univ Teknol Malaysia Fac Geoinformat & Real Estate Geospatial Informat Infrastruct Res Lab GeoI2 Skudai 81310 Johor Malaysia Tech Univ Denmark Natl Space Inst Dept Geodesy Elektrovej 328 DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark

Locating and analysing the location of new stores or outlets is one of the common issues facing retailers and franchisers. This is due to assure that new opening stores are at their strategic location to attract the highest possible number of customers. spatial information is used to manage, maintain and analyse these store locations. However, since the business of franchising and chain stores in urban areas runs within high rise multi-level buildings, a three-dimensional (3d) method is prominently required in order to locate and identify the surrounding information such as at which level of the franchise unit will be located or is the franchise unit located is at the best level for visibility purposes. One of the common used analyses used for retrieving the surrounding information is Nearest Neighbour (NN) analysis. It uses a point location and identifies the surrounding neighbours. However, with the immense number of urban datasets, the retrieval and analysis of nearest neighbour information and their efficiency will become more complex and crucial. In this paper, we present a technique to retrieve nearest neighbour information in 3d space using a clustered hierarchical tree structure. Based on our findings, the proposed approach substantially showed an improvement of response time analysis compared to existing approaches of spatial access methods in databases. The query performance was tested using a dataset consisting of 500,000 point locations building and franchising unit. The results are presented in this paper. Another advantage of this structure is that it also offers a minimal overlap and coverage among nodes which can reduce repetitive data entry.

关键词： Nearest Neighbour 3d data Clustering 3d spatial database 3d GIS data Management Information Retrieval

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3d PARTITION-BASEd CLUSTERING FOR SUPPLY CHAIN dATA MANAGEMENT

3D PARTITION-BASED CLUSTERING FOR SUPPLY CHAIN DATA MANAGEME...

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ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and spatial Information Sciences

作者： Suhaibah, A. Uznir, U. Anton, F. Mioc, d. Rahman, A. A. Univ Teknol Malaysia Geospatial Informat Infrastruct Res Lab GeoI2 Fac Geoinformat & Real Estate Skudai 81310 Johor Malaysia Tech Univ Denmark Natl Space Inst Dept Geodesy DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark

Supply Chain Management (SCM) is the management of the products and goods flow from its origin point to point of consumption. during the process of SCM, information and dataset gathered for this application is massive and complex. This is due to its several processes such as procurement, product development and commercialization, physical distribution, outsourcing and partnerships. For a practical application, SCM datasets need to be managed and maintained to serve a better service to its three main categories;distributor, customer and supplier. To manage these datasets, a structure of data constellation is used to accommodate the data into the spatial database. However, the situation in geospatial database creates few problems, for example the performance of the database deteriorate especially during the query operation. We strongly believe that a more practical hierarchical tree structure is required for efficient process of SCM. Besides that, three-dimensional approach is required for the management of SCM datasets since it involve with the multi-level location such as shop lots and residential apartments. 3d R-Tree has been increasingly used for 3d geospatial database management due to its simplicity and extendibility. However, it suffers from serious overlaps between nodes. In this paper, we proposed a partition-based clustering for the construction of a hierarchical tree structure. Several datasets are tested using the proposed method and the percentage of the overlapping nodes and volume coverage are computed and compared with the original 3d R-Tree and other practical approaches. The experiments demonstrated in this paper substantiated that the hierarchical structure of the proposed partition-based clustering is capable of preserving minimal overlap and coverage. The query performance was tested using 300,000 points of a SCM dataset and the results are presented in this paper. This paper also discusses the outlook of the structure for future reference.

关键词： Supply Chain Management 3d spatial data Clustering 3d spatial database 3d GIS data Management Information Retrieval

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Web based 3d analysis and visualization using HTML5 and WebGL

Web based 3D analysis and visualization using HTML5 and WebG...

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作者： KANISHK CHATURVEdI University of Twente

学位级别：硕士

CityGML is a recent standard developed to describe, store and exchange virtual 3d city models. This standard not only allows to understand the spatial properties of urban objects, but also provides a common platform to integrate city level information from different resources and make them accessible to the concerned people. A plethora of software have been developed for processing and visualizing CityGML data, but its visualization on the web is still a challenging area. Although many APIs have been developed to display 3d graphic contents on the web, they work only with certain browsers or with additional browser plug-ins installed. To overcome this limitation, this research focuses on utilizing HTML5 and WebGL. Applying such approach, 3d capabilities can be realized directly in the browser without any need for an additional plug-in or extension. Another benefit is, WebGL provides hardware accelerated 3d functionality on the web, resulting significant performance improvement. This research deals with visualization and analysis of 3d objects of CityGML on a WebGL based virtual globe running on an HTML5 enabled web browser. The primary focus is towards developing a framework to visualize geometry and semantics of 3d city objects on the web based virtual globe with the help of WebGL. Cesium virtual globe, which is an open source JavaScript API based on WebGL, has been considered in this study. The research also includes the development of on-the-fly 3d analysis, performed directly by the client. The emphasis is given to 3d buffer analysis techniques helpful in understanding and preparing for evacuation planning or other emergency scenarios in an urban area. Additionally, the functionality also includes the implementation of 3d operations such as 3d intersection and 3d inside on top of the city model. The results of this research study show that such functionality provides maximum power in the hands of the user. Without depending on the server, such computationally in

关键词： Virtual city models 3d visualization CityGML KML HTML5 WebGL 3d spatial analysis virtual globes 3d spatial database

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