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IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & Expo (ICME)

作者： Cheng, Fei Xiao, Jimin Tillo, Tammam Xian Jiaotong Liverpool Univ XJTLU Dept Elect & Elect Engn Suzhou Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479970827

In this paper, a motion-information-based 3d video coding method is proposed for the texture plus depth 3d video format. The synchronized global motion information of camcorder is sampled to assist the encoder to improve its rate-distortion performance. This approach works by projecting temporal previous frames into the position of the current frame using the depth and motion information. These projected frames are added in the reference buffer as virtual reference frames. As these virtual reference frames are more similar to the current frame than the conventional reference frames, the required residual information is reduced. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme enhances the coding performance in various motion conditions including rotational and translational motions.

关键词： 3d video coding global motion information depth map reference buffer

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Bit allocation for 3d video coding based on lagrangian multiplier adjustment

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SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION 2017年 52卷 1-5页

作者： Yang, Chao An, Ping Liu, deyang Shen, Liquan Li, Kai Minist Educ Key Lab Adv Displays & Syst Applicat Shanghai Peoples R China Shanghai Univ Sch Commun & Informat Engn Shanghai Peoples R China

Multi-view video plus depth (MVd) format 3d video consists of color texture image and gray depth map, the depth map provides the scene geometry information and is utilized to synthesize the virtual views through depth Image Based Rendering (dIBR) technique. The quality of the synthesized virtual views is related to the qualities of both texture image and depth map, thus bit allocation between texture image and depth map is very important in 3d video coding. In this paper, we propose to optimally allocate bits between texture image and depth map by adjusting the Lagrangian Multiplier (LM) in depth map coding, we adjust the LM based on the difference between texture image coding Quantization Parameter (QP) and depth map QP. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve optimal 3d video coding performance for different sequences under different bitrates, and the complexity of our method is extremely low.

关键词： Bit allocation Rate distortion optimization Lagrangian multiplier adjustment 3d video coding

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Joint video/depth rate allocation for 3d video coding based on view synthesis distortion model

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SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION 2009年第8期24卷 666-681页

作者： Liu, Yanwei Huang, Qingming Ma, Siwei Zhao, debin Gao, Wen Chinese Acad Sci Inst Comp Technol Beijing Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Grad Univ Beijing Peoples R China Peking Univ Inst Digital Media Beijing 100871 Peoples R China Harbin Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci Harbin 150006 Peoples R China

Joint video/depth rate allocation is an important optimization problem in 3d video coding. To address this problem, this paper proposes a distortion model to evaluate the synthesized view without access to the captured original view. The proposed distortion model is an additive model that accounts for the video-coding-induced distortion and the depth-quantization-induced distortion, as well as the inherent geometry distortion. depth-quantization-induced distortion not only considers the warping error distortion, which is described by a piecewise linear model with the video power spectral property, but also takes into account the warping error correlation distortion between two sources reference views. Geometry distortion is approximated from that of the adjacent view synthesis. Based on the proposed distortion model, a joint rate allocation method is proposed to seek the optimal trade-off between video bit-rate and depth bit-rate for maximizing the view synthesis quality. Experimental results show that the proposed distortion model is capable of approximately estimating the actual distortion for the synthesized view, and that the proposed rate allocation method can almost achieve the identical rate allocation performance as the full-search method at less computational cost. Moreover, the proposed rate allocation method consumes less computational cost than the hierarchical-search method at high bit-rates while providing almost the equivalent rate allocation performance. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： View synthesis distortion model Rate allocation 3d video coding

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Pixel-Level View Synthesis distortion Estimation for 3d video coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS ANd SYSTEMS FOR video TECHNOLOGY 2020年第7期30卷 2229-2239页

作者： Jin, Jian Liang, Jie Zhao, Yao Lin, Chunyu Yao, Chao Meng, Lili Beijing Jiao Tong Univ Inst Informat Sci Beijing 100044 Peoples R China Beijing Key Lab Adv Informat Sci & Network Techno Beijing 100044 Peoples R China Simon Fraser Univ Sch Engn Sci Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun Inst Sensing Technol & Business Beijing 100876 Peoples R China Shandong Normal Univ Dept Informat Sci & Engn Jinan 250358 Peoples R China

Recently, region-based 3d video coding has been proposed. However, existing view synthesis distortion estimation (VSdE) methods are performed at the frame level. To guide the rate-distortion optimization process of region-based 3d video coding schemes, this paper proposes the first pixel-level VSdE (PL-VSdE) method. We first give the definition of the pixel-level view synthesis distortion. To estimate it, a backward prediction method is then developed, which starts from the pixels of interest (POIs) in the virtual view and finds their corresponding pixels in the reference view via a coarse-to-fine approach, denoted as coarse-to-fine backward prediction (CFBP) method. Additionally, the CFBP fully considers the details of 3d warping, the rounding operation and the warping competition in view synthesis, leading to improve accuracy of the prediction. Besides, a table-lookup method and a warping property are introduced to speed up the CFBP. After integrating the CFBP into the PL-VSdE, we can estimate the view synthesis distortion at the pixel level. Our method is carried out pixel-by-pixel independently, which is friendly for parallel processing. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method has significant advantages in both accuracy and efficiency compared with the state-of-the-art frame-level VSdE methods.

关键词： distortion video coding Cameras Estimation Rendering (computer graphics) Information science Rate-distortion 3d video coding depth-image-based rendering (dIBR) distortion estimation 3d warping

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Vision-oriented algorithm for fast decision in 3d video coding

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IET IMAGE PROCESSING 2022年第8期16卷 2263-2281页

作者： Lin, Jie-Ru Chen, Mei-Juan Yeh, Chia-Hung Lin, Shinfeng d. Sue, Kuen-Liang Kau, Lih-Jen Ciou, Yi-Sheng Natl Dong Hwa Univ Dept Elect Engn Hualien Taiwan Natl Taiwan Normal Univ Dept Elect Engn Taipei 10610 Taiwan Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ Dept Elect Engn Kaohsiung Taiwan Natl Dong Hwa Univ Dept Computet Sci & Informat Engn Hualien Taiwan Natl Cent Univ Dept Informat Management Taoyuan Taiwan Natl Taipei Univ Technol Dept Elect Engn Taipei Taiwan

This paper designs a novel method to reduce the coding complexity of 3d-HEVC encoder by utilizing the properties of human visual perception. Two vision-oriented edge detections are proposed: for colour texture detection, the authors adopt the Just-Noticeable distortion (JNd);for depth map, the authors combine the Sample Adaptive Offset (SAO) and the Just Noticeable depth difference (JNdd) model. The authors also analyse the properties of colour texture and depth map to classify the coding tree unit (CTU) into various kinds of types, including complex-edge CTU, moderate-edge CTU and homogeneous CTU. Besides, fast mode decisions and early termination criteria are performed individually on each type of CTUs according to their characteristics. Especially for those CTUs with more edge information, the proposed projection-based fast mode decision and residual-based early termination preserve important colour texture while speeding up the coding at the same time. The proposed vision-oriented algorithm reduces 31.981% of the overall average coding time with only 1.580% Bd-Bitrate increase. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can provide considerable time-saving while still maintain the video quality, which outperforms the previous researches.

关键词： projection-based fast mode decision residual-based early termination preserve important colour texture homogeneous CTU Sample Adaptive Offset 3d video coding video coding complex-edge CTU fast decision depth map colour texture detection edge detection vision-oriented algorithm 3d-HEVC encoder human visual perception Noticeable depth difference model vision-oriented edge detections image texture coding tree unit visual perception Just-Noticeable distortion moderate-edge CTU coding complexity early termination criteria fast mode decisions edge information average coding time

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A Novel Rate Control Technique for Multiview video Plus depth Based 3d video coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BROAdCASTING 2011年第2期57卷 562-571页

作者： Liu, Yanwei Huang, Qingming Ma, Siwei Zhao, debin Gao, Wen Ci, Song Tang, Hui Chinese Acad Sci Inst Acoust Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Comp Technol Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Grad Univ Beijing 100039 Peoples R China Peking Univ Natl Engn Lab Video Technol Beijing 100871 Peoples R China Harbin Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci Harbin 150001 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Acoust High Performance Network Lab Beijing 100039 Peoples R China Univ Nebraska Lincoln Intelligent Ubiquitous Comp Lab Lincoln NE 68588 USA

This paper presents a novel rate control technique for multiview video plus depth (MVd) based 3d video coding. In the proposed rate control technique, an image-stitching method is first utilized to simultaneously encode video and depth, and then a joint rate control algorithm for MVd is presented. The joint rate control algorithm is performed on three levels, namely view level, video/depth level and frame level. In the view level, different proportions of rates are allocated for different types of views according to the pre-statistical rate allocation. In the video/depth level, the target rates for video and depth are discriminatorily assigned to guarantee the high quality of video for the backward-compatible display. In the frame level, the hierarchical rate allocation is used to regulate the target bits for each frame. In addition to the above mentioned rate control strategies, according to the special characteristics of multiview hypothetical reference decoder (HRd), the buffer-related rate control is also considered to prevent the decoder buffer from overflow or underflow even outputting multiple views. Experimental results show that the proposed rate control technique can accurately control the bit-rate to satisfy the requirements of 3d video systems.

关键词： Multiview video coding rate control video plus depth representation 3d video coding

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Low Complexity Adaptive View Synthesis Optimization in HEVC Based 3d video coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEdIA 2014年第1期16卷 266-271页

作者： Ma, Siwei Wang, Shiqi Gao, Wen Peking Univ Inst Digital Media Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Beijing 100871 Peoples R China

In this correspondence, we explore a low-complexity adaptive view synthesis optimization (VSO) scheme in the upcoming high-efficiency video coding (HEVC)-based 3-d video coding standard. We first devise a novel zero-synthesized view difference (ZSVd) model which jointly accounts for the distortion of the synthesized view induced by the compound impact of depth-disparity mapping, texture adaptation, and occlusion in the view synthesis process. This model can efficiently estimate the maximum allowable depth distortion in synthesizing a virtual view without introducing any geometry distortion. Then, an adaptive ZSVd-aware VSO scheme is proposed by incorporating the ZSVd model into the rate-distortion optimization process, which is developed by pruning the conventional view synthesis algorithm. Extensive experimental results confirm that the proposed model is capable of accurately predicting the zero distortion of the synthesized view and exhibit that the proposed ZSVd-aware VSO scheme can remarkably reduce the coding computational complexity with negligible performance loss.

关键词： 3d video coding computational complexity view synthesis optimization zero synthesized view difference

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depth-based Block Partitioning for 3d video coding

Depth-based Block Partitioning for 3D Video Coding

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Picture coding Symposium (PCS)

作者： Jaeger, Fabian Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Inst Nachrichtech Aachen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781479902941

3d video is an emerging technology that bundles depth information with texture videos to allow for view synthesis applications at the receiver. depth discontinuities define object boundaries in both, depth maps and the collocated texture video. Therefore, segmentation of the depth map can be used for more accurate partitioning of the corresponding texture component. In this paper, already coded depth maps are used to increase coding efficiency for texture videos by deriving an arbitrarily shaped partitioning of a texture block based on the collocated depth block. By applying motion compensation to each partition and combining them afterwards by a depth-based segmentation mask, highly accurate prediction signals can be formed that reduce the remaining residual signal significantly. Simulation results show bitrate savings of up to 5.7 % for the dependent texture views and up to 2.3 % with respect to the total bitrate.

关键词： 3d video coding depth map motion partition High Efficiency video coding (HEVC)

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Rate distortion Optimization using SSIM for 3d video coding 23

Rate Distortion Optimization using SSIM for 3D Video Coding

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23rd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)

作者： Harshalatha, Y. Biswas, Prabir Kumar Indian Inst Technol Kharagpur Dept Elect & Elect Commun Engn Kharagpur 721302 W Bengal India

ISBN: (纸本)9781509048472

coding efficiency can be enhanced through rate-distortion optimization (RdO) that provides a trade-off between bit-rate and distortion. In this paper, we have proposed Structural SIMilarity (SSIM) based RdO for 3d video coding improvement. SSIM index is a quality metric that gives better approximation to visual quality. Most of the existing literature on 3d video coding employs sum-of-squared error (SSE) as a measure of distortion, which does not always correlate to visual quality. In order to overcome this gap, SSIM-based RdO is implemented in this paper. Lagrange multiplier is modified to obtain optimum rate along with a reduction in distortion which improves the perceptual quality of the video. The entropy of macroblock (MB) is also considered in the scaling of Lagrange multiplier to increase RdO performance. The proposed algorithm is implemented in 3dV-ATM reference software. Experimental results show an improvement in the perceptual quality of the synthesized sequences with bitrate reduction of 6 - 15%.

关键词： 3d video coding Lagrange multiplier Perceptual Vision Rate-distortion optimization SSIM Virtual view synthesis

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3d MOTION ESTIMATION FOR 3d video coding

3D MOTION ESTIMATION FOR 3D VIDEO CODING

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing

作者： Paul, Manoranjan Gao, Junbin Anotolovich, Michael Charles Sturt Univ Sch Comp & Math Bathurst NSW 2795 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781467300469

H.264/MVC multi-view video coding provides a better compression rate compared to the simulcast coding using hierarchical B-picture prediction structure exploiting inter-and intra-view redundancy. However, this technique imposes random access frame delay as well as requiring huge computational time. In this paper a novel technique is proposed using 3d motion estimation (3d-ME) to overcome the problems. In the 3d-ME technique, a 3d frame is formed using the same temporal frames of all views and ME is carried out for the current 3d frame using the immediate previous 3d frame as a reference frame. As the correlation among the intra-view images is higher compared to the correlation among the inter-view images, the proposed 3d-ME technique reduces the overall computational time and eliminates the frame delay with comparable rate-distortion (Rd) performance compared to H.264/MVC. Another technique is also proposed in the paper where an extra reference 3d frame comprising dynamic background frames (the most common frame of a scene i.e., McFIS) of each view is used for 3d-ME. Experimental results reveal that the proposed 3d-ME-McFIS technique outperforms the H.264/MVC in terms of improved Rd performance by reducing computational time and by eliminating the random access frame delay.

关键词： McFIS 3d Motion Estimation 3d video coding uncovered background hierarchical B-picture MRFs

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