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depth Intra coding for 3d video Based on Geometric Primitives

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS ANd SYSTEMS FOR video TECHNOLOGY 2016年第3期26卷 570-582页

作者： Merkle, Philipp Mueller, Karsten Marpe, detlev Wiegand, Thomas Heinrich Hertz Inst Nachrichtentech Berlin GmbH Fraunhofer Inst Telecommun Dept Video Coding & Analyt D-10587 Berlin Germany Tech Univ Berlin Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci D-10623 Berlin Germany

This paper presents an advanced depth intra-coding approach for 3d video coding based on the High Efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard and the multiview video plus depth (MVd) representation. This paper is motivated by the fact that depth signals have specific characteristics that differ from those of natural signals, i.e., camera-view video. Our approach replaces conventional intra-picture coding for the depth component, targeting a consistent and efficient support of 3d video applications that utilize depth maps or polygon meshes or both, with a high depth coding efficiency in terms of minimal artifacts in rendered views and meshes with a minimal number of triangles for a given bit rate. For this purpose, we introduce intra-picture prediction modes based on geometric primitives along with a residual coding method in the spatial domain, substituting conventional intra-prediction modes and transform coding, respectively. The results show that our solution achieves the same quality of rendered or synthesized views with about the same bit rate as MVd coding with the 3d video extension of HEVC (3d-HEVC) for high-quality depth maps and with about 8% less overall bit rate as with 3d-HEVC without related depth tools. At the same time, the combination of 3d video with 3d computer graphics content is substantially simplified, as the geometry-based depth intra signals can be represented as a surface mesh with about 85% less triangles, generated directly in the decoding process as an alternative decoder output.

关键词： 3d video coding 3d video extension of HEVC (3d-HEVC) depth intra coding High Efficiency video coding (HEVC) inter component prediction mesh extraction multiview video plus depth (MVd) wedgelets

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Intra Mode Selection for depth Map coding to Minimize Rendering distortions in 3d video

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2009年第4期55卷 2385-2393页

作者： de Silva, d. V. S. X. Fernando, W. A. C. Univ Surrey Ctr Commun Syst Res I Lab Guildford GU2 7XH Surrey England

depth image Based Rendering (dIBR) is a technique that generates virtual views for multiview video applications from 3d video represented in color plus depth format. The depth map is not viewed by end users. However, it helps to generate different views as required by the application. Therefore, the depth maps need to be compressed in a way that it minimizes distortions in the rendered views. By doing so, it would be possible to generate high quality virtual views, using compressed depth maps. This paper presents two mode selection techniques based on genetic algorithms for encoding depth maps. In the proposed techniques, the encoding modes are decided so that the distortion in the rendered view, v is, minimized. Simulation results illustrate that proposed techniques improve the objective quality of the rendered virtual views by up to 2 dB over the Lagrange Optimization based mode selection technique that considers the distortions only in the depth map.

关键词： depth maps depth coding depth Image Based Rendering 3d video coding

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dISPARITY-AdJUSTEd 3d MULTI-VIEW video coding WITH dYNAMIC BACKGROUNd MOdELLING

DISPARITY-ADJUSTED 3D MULTI-VIEW VIDEO CODING WITH DYNAMIC B...

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20th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)

作者： Paul, Manoranjan Evans, Christopher J. Murshed, Manzur Charles Sturt Univ Ctr Res Complex Syst CRiCS Bathurst NSW 2795 Australia Monash Univ Gippsland Sch Informat Technol Clayton Vic 3800 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781479923410

Capturing a scene using multiple cameras from different angles is expected to provide the necessary interactivity in the 3d space to satisfy end-users' demands for observing objects and actions from different angles and depths. Existing multiview video coding (MVC) technologies are not sufficiently agile to exploit the interactivity and inefficient in terms of image quality and computational time. In this paper a novel technique is proposed using disparity-adjusted 3d MVC (dA-3d-MVC) with 3d motion estimation (ME) and 3d coding to overcome the problems. In the proposed scheme, a 3d frame is formed using the same temporal frames of all disparity-adjusted views and ME is carried out for the current 3d macroblock using the immediate previous 3d frame as a reference frame. Then, 3d coding technique is used for better compression. As all the same temporal position frames of all views are encoded at the same time, the proposed scheme provides better interactivity and reduced computational time compared to the H. 264/MVC. To improve the rate-distortion (Rd) performance of the proposed technique, an additional reference frame comprising dynamic background is also used. Experimental results reveal that the proposed scheme outperforms the H. 264/MVC in terms of Rd performance, computational time, and interactivity.

关键词： McFIS 3d motion estimation 3d video coding 3d Zigzag 3d dCT and video interactivity

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Object-adaptive depth Compensated Inter Prediction for depth video coding in 3d video System

Object-adaptive Depth Compensated Inter Prediction for Depth...

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Conference on Visual Information Processing and Communication II

作者： Kang, Min-Koo Lee, Jaejoon Lim, Ilsoon Ho, Yo-Sung Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol GIST Kwangju 500712 South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9780819484192

Nowadays, the 3d video system using the MVd (multi-view video plus depth) data format is being actively studied. The system has many advantages with respect to virtual view synthesis such as an auto-stereoscopic functionality, but compression of huge input data remains a problem. Therefore, efficient 3d data compression is extremely important in the system, and problems of low temporal consistency and viewpoint correlation should be resolved for efficient depth video coding. In this paper, we propose an object-adaptive depth compensated inter prediction method to resolve the problems where object-adaptive mean-depth difference between a current block, to be coded, and a reference block are compensated during inter prediction. In addition, unique properties of depth video are exploited to reduce side information required for signaling decoder to conduct the same process. To evaluate the coding performance, we have implemented the proposed method into MVC (multiview video coding) reference software, JMVC 8.2. Experimental results have demonstrated that our proposed method is especially efficient for depth videos estimated by dERS (depth estimation reference software) discussed in the MPEG 3dV coding group. The coding gain was up to 11.69% bit-saving, and it was even increased when we evaluated it on synthesized views of virtual viewpoints.

关键词： 3d video coding 3dTV MVC depth video coding JMVC inter prediction

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depth Map coding using Residual Segmentation for 3d video System

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3d RESEARCH 2013年第2期4卷 5-5页

作者： Lee, Cheon Ho, Yo-Sung GIST 123 Cheomdan Gwagiro Gwangju 500712 South Korea

Advanced 3d video systems employ multi-view video-plus-depth data to support the free-viewpoint navigation and comfortable 3d viewing;thus efficient depth map coding becomes an important issue. Unlike the color image, the depth map has a property that depth values of the inner part of an object are monotonic, but those of object boundaries change abruptly. Therefore, residual data generated by prediction errors around object boundaries consume many bits in depth map coding. Representing them with segment data can be better than the use of the conventional transformation around the boundary regions. In this paper, we propose an efficient depth map coding method using a residual segmentation instead of using transformation. The proposed residual segmentation divides residual data into two regions with a segment map and two mean values. If the encoder selects the proposed method in terms of rates, two quantized mean values and an index of the segment map are transmitted. Simulation results show significant gains of up to 10 dB compared to the state-ofthe-art coders, such as JPEG2000 and H.264/AVC.

关键词： 3d video coding depth map coding residual segmentation

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dISPARITY-AdJUSTEd 3d MULTI-VIEW video coding WITH dYNAMIC BACKGROUNd MOdELLING

DISPARITY-ADJUSTED 3D MULTI-VIEW VIDEO CODING WITH DYNAMIC B...

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Manoranjan Paul Christopher J. Evans Manzur Murshed Centre for Research in Complex Systems (CRiCS) Charles Sturt University Australia Gippsland School of Information Technology Monash University Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781479923427

Capturing a scene using multiple cameras from different angles is expected to provide the necessary interactivity in the 3d space to satisfy end-users' demands for observing objects and actions from different angles and depths. Existing multiview video coding (MVC) technologies are not sufficiently agile to exploit the interactivity and inefficient in terms of image quality and computational time. In this paper a novel technique is proposed using disparity-adjusted 3d MVC (dA-3d-MVC) with 3d motion estimation (ME) and 3d coding to overcome the problems. In the proposed scheme, a 3d frame is formed using the same temporal frames of all disparity-adjusted views and ME is carried out for the current 3d macroblock using the immediate previous 3d frame as a reference frame. Then, 3d coding technique is used for better compression. As all the same temporal position frames of all views are encoded at the same time, the proposed scheme provides better interactivity and reduced computational time compared to the H.264/MVC. To improve the rate-distortion (Rd) performance of the proposed technique, an additional reference frame comprising dynamic background is also used. Experimental results reveal that the proposed scheme outperforms the H.264/MVC in terms of Rd performance, computational time, and interactivity.

关键词： McFIS 3d motion estimation 3d video coding 3d Zigzag 3d dCT and video interactivity

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Fast Rate-distortion Optimization for depth Maps in 3-d video coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BROAdCASTING 2023年第1期69卷 21-32页

作者： Huo, Junyan Zhou, Xile Yuan, Hui Wan, Shuai Yang, Fuzheng Xidian Univ Sch Telecommun Engn State Key Lab Integrated Serv Networks Xian 710071 Peoples R China Shandong Univ Sch Control Sci & Engn Jinan 250061 Peoples R China Northwestern Polytech Univ Sch Elect & Informat Xian 710072 Peoples R China RMIT Univ Sch Engn Melbourne Vic 3001 Australia

To ensure the fidelity of virtual views, rate-distortion optimization (RdO) criterion for the 3d extension of the High Efficiency video coding (3d-HEVC) is well designed, in which the synthesized view distortion (SVd) is introduced to derive the rate-distortion (Rd) cost. To obtain accurate SVds, the rendering operation is employed which demands a fairly high computational complexity. To address this problem, a fast RdO method for depth maps is proposed, which checks the Rd cost during its calculation process. Specifically, given a coding mode, the Rd cost is composed of several cumulative items. If the accumulated Rd cost is equal to or exceeds the minimum Rd cost of previously coded modes, it will not be necessary to continue the Rd cost calculation for the mode. To reduce the encoding complexity, existing methods usually aim at reducing the number of tested modes or block partitions. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that the latent redundant complexity in the Rd cost calculation is investigated and removed. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared with the 3d-HEVC reference software, the proposed method can save 28.1% of depth coding time with a small coding gain (0.04% Bd-rate saving). An additional test is designed to evaluate four typical fast coding methods with/without the proposed method. Extensive results verify that the proposed method can be seamlessly combined with the state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： Encoding Costs video coding Three-dimensional displays Complexity theory Rate-distortion distortion 3d video coding rate-distortion optimization 3d-HEVC depth maps rate-distortion cost

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Improved depth-Assisted Error Concealment Algorithm for 3d video Transmission

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEdIA 2017年第11期19卷 2625-2632页

作者： Huang, Pin-Cheng Lin, Jie-Ru Li, Gwo-Long Tai, Kuang-Han Chen, Mei-Juan United Microelect Corp Tainan 744 Taiwan Natl Dong Hwa Univ Dept Elect Engn Hualien 974 Taiwan Novatek Microelect Corp Hsinchu 30076 Taiwan HwaCom Syst Inc Taipei 221 Taiwan

In this paper, a whole frame loss error concealment algorithm for three-dimensional video coding is proposed. The main concept of the proposed algorithm is to extrapolate the motion vectors for concealing a current error block by jointly considering the available motion vector and the depth information. In addition, the depth information is adopted to help the derivation of reference pixels for concealing errors in the case that suitable motion vectors cannot be obtained by the motion vector extrapolation process alone. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm can achieve up to 0.52 dB PSNR, as well as subjective quality improvement, compared to previous work.

关键词： 3d video coding depth map error concealment motion vector extrapolation

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Performance Analysis of depth Intra-coding in 3d-HEVC

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS ANd SYSTEMS FOR video TECHNOLOGY 2019年第8期29卷 2509-2520页

作者： Sanchez, Gustavo Silveira, Jarbas Agostini, Luciano V. Marcon, Cesar IF Farroupilha Dept Comp Sci BR-97555000 Alegrete Brazil Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande do Sul BR-90619900 Porto Alegre RS Brazil Univ Fed Ceara Engn Lab Comp Syst BR-60020181 Fortaleza Ceara Brazil Univ Fed Pelotas Grp Architectures & Integrated Circuits BR-96010610 Pelotas Brazil Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande do Sul Dept Comp Sci BR-90619900 Porto Alegre RS Brazil

The depth maps intra-frame prediction of 3d High Efficiency video coding (3d-HEVC) inherits all texture encoding techniques provided by HEVC and provides new coding tools for depth map predictions. These tools comprise algorithms, such as bipartition modes, intra-picture skip, and dC-only. This paper details these tools and shows how they work together with the original HEVC algorithms in the depth map intra-frame prediction for allowing high-efficiency encoding. Besides, this paper analyzes the encoding time and the encoding mode distribution of the intra-frame prediction tools over different quantization scenarios. We aim to provide support for upcoming works on depth map encoding, including complexity reduction and control, real-time embedded systems implementations, and even the development of improved tools to encode depth maps.

关键词： 3d-HEVC intra-frame prediction depth maps 3d video coding

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Intra Mode Selection Method for depth Maps of 3d video based on Rendering distortion Modeling

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2010年第4期56卷 2735-2740页

作者： de Silva, d. V. S. X. Fernando, W. A. C. Worrall, S. T. Univ Surrey Fac Engn & Phys Sci Lab Multimedia Commun Res I Guildford GU2 7XH Surrey England

A technique to minimize distortions in synthesized virtual views, while encoding depth maps that are used in depth Image Based Rendering (dIBR) applications is proposed. depth maps are not viewed by end users, but are used for virtual view generation. Therefore, it is important to compress depth maps in a way that it minimizes distortion in views rendered with them. In doing so, it would be possible to generate high quality virtual views using compressed depth maps. Firstly, an error model to approximate rendering distortion caused by disparity changes is proposed. Thereafter, this error model is used at the encoding mode selection stage of coding depth maps. Experimental results illustrate an average bit rate saving of 19%-76%, compared with the mode selection method, which is based on minimizing pixel errors only of the depth map. Further, encoding depth maps with the proposed technique improves the overall visual quality of rendered views.(1)

关键词： 3d video coding depth image based rendering depth map coding stereoscopic view generation

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