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Conference on Three-dimensional and Multidimensional microscopy - Image Acquisition and Processing XIX

作者： Zahreddine, Ramzi N. Cormack, Robert H. Cogswell, Carol J. Univ Colorado Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn Boulder CO 80309 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819488701

An extended depth of field (EdF) microscope that allows for quantitative axial positioning has been constructed. Past work has shown that EdF microscopy allows for features in varying planes to appear sharply focused simultaneously, however an inherent consequence of this is that depth information is lost. Here, a specifically engineered phase plate is used to create a point spread function (PSF) that contains both of the necessary attributes for extended depth of field and quantitative depth mapping. A two-camera solution is used to separate and capture the information for individualized post processing. The result is a microscope that can serve as an essential tool for full 3d, real-time imaging.

关键词： 4d microscopy PSF engineering extended depth of field quantitative depth ranging

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High speed, on-line 4d microscopy using continuously scanning white light interferometry with a high speed camera and real-time FPGA image processing

High speed, on-line 4D microscopy using continuously scannin...

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Conference on Optical Measurement Systems for Industrial Inspection VII

作者： Montgomery, P. Anstotz, F. Montagna, J. Lab Commun UDS CNRS Inst Elect Solide & Syst InESS UMR 7163 F-67037 Strasbourg France

ISBN: (纸本)9780819486783

Achieving real time 3d measurement of microscopic surfaces is difficult, mainly because of the high bandwidths required for the data acquisition by the probe or camera, the transfer to the processor and the processing. In this paper we present the results of our second prototype on-line measurement system that we have developed using continuous scanning white light interference microscopy, a high speed CMOS camera and parallel processing with an FPGA that enables data processing rates of up to 160 Mb/s. Two fringe detection algorithms have been implemented, one based on the detection of the maximum fringe intensity and the other on the maximum of the fringe modulation function. The practical performance is demonstrated on the measurement of laterally translating samples, with 3d image rates of up to 20 i/s being achieved for an image size of 256 x 320 pixels, and 2.96 i/s for an image size of 640 x 1024 pixels over a depth of 5 mu m. depths of up to 20 mu m can be measured. On-line 4d microscopy opens up new applications for characterizing surfaces that are moving or changing in a non-periodic way with time, such as in MEMS, soft materials, layer growth or chemical reactions.

关键词： 4d microscopy High speed camera Real-time processing White light scanning interferometry FPGA transients non-periodic movement

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Nonchaotic Nonlinear Motion Visualized in Complex Nanostructures by Stereographic 4d Electron microscopy

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NANO LETTERS 2010年第8期10卷 3190-3198页

作者： Kwon, Oh-Hoon Park, Hyun Soon Baskin, J. Spencer Zewail, Ahmed H. CALTECH Phys Biol Ctr Ultrafast Sci & Technol Arthur Amos Noyes Lab Chem Phys Pasadena CA 91125 USA

direct electron imaging with sufficient time resolution is a powerful tool for visualizing the three-dimensional (3d) mechanical motion and resolving the four-dimensional (4d) trajectories of many different components of a nanomachine, e.g., a NEMS device. Here, we report a nanoscale nonchaotic motion of a nano- and microstructured NiTi shape memory alloy in 4d electron microscopy. A huge amplitude oscillatory mechanical motion following laser heating is observed repetitively, likened to a 3d motion of a conductor's baton. By time-resolved 4d stereographic reconstruction of the motion, prominent vibrational frequencies (3.0, 3.8, 6.8, and 4.5 MHz) are fully characterized, showing evidence of nonlinear behavior. Moreover, it is found that a stress (fluence)-strain (displacement) profile shows nonlinear elasticity. The observed resonances of the nanostructure are reminiscent of classical molecular quasi-periodic behavior, but here both the amplitude and frequency of the motion are visualized using ultrafast electron microscopy.

关键词： 4d microscopy nanomechanical systems shape memory materials ultrafast electron imaging

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4d confocal microscopy of dictyostelium discoideum morphogenesis and its presentation on the Internet

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dEVELOPMENT GENES ANd EVOLUTION 1998年第7期208卷 411-420页

作者： Zimmermann, T Siegert, F Univ Munich Inst Zool D-80333 Munich Germany

Methods to present three-dimensional (3d) and time series of 3d datasets (4d) are demonstrated using the recent advances in confocal microscopy and computer visualization. The process of cell sorting during tip formation in the slime mould dictyostelium discoideum is examined as an example by in vivo confocal microscopy of spectrally different green fluorescent protein (GFP) variants as reporters of cell-type specific gene expression. Also, cell sorting of the co-aggregating slime mould species d. discoideum and d. mucoroides is observed using a GFP variant and a spectrally distinguishable fluorescent vital stain. The confocal data are handled as 3d and 4d datasets, their processing and the advantages of different methods of visualization are discussed step by step. Selected sequences of the experiments can be viewed on the Internet, giving a much better impression of the complex cellular movements during dictyostelium morphogenesis than printed photographs.

关键词： 4d microscopy confocal microscopy dictyostelium discoideum GFP Internet

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Review on imaging and sensing with holography

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JOURNAL OF OPTICS 2025年第4期27卷 043005-043005页

作者： Tahara, Tatsuki Shimobaba, Tomoyoshi Kozawa, Yuichi Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol NICT Radio Res Inst Appl Electromagnet Res Ctr 4-2-1 Nukuikitamachi Koganei Tokyo 1848795 Japan Chiba Univ Grad Sch Engn 1-33 Yayoi-cho Inage-ku Chiba 2638522 Japan Tohoku Univ Inst Multidisciplinary Res Adv Mat 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba-ku Sendai 9808577 Japan

We review holography techniques related to imaging and sensing. Holography has been actively researched as three-dimensional (3d) imaging and 3d display techniques. Because of the successive evolutions of electronic and optical devices, digital holographic and quantitative 3d measurements with high accuracy and realistic 3d motion-picture image display without glasses have been realized. Moreover, holography has led to breakthroughs in various applications in the fields of measurement and processing through the development of holographic light-wave modulation techniques. We briefly introduce various applications of holography and then review imaging and sensing techniques with holography, focusing on quantitative phase imaging with daily-use light, spatially incoherent digital holography, holographic display, and microscopy with holographic light modulation.

关键词： holography incoherent digital holography holographic display computer-generated hologram 4d microscopy

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Multi-field 3d scanning light microscopy of early embryogenesis

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JOURNAL OF microscopy 2002年第3期206卷 209-217页

作者： Czirók, A Rupp, PA Rongish, BJ Little, Cd Univ Kansas Med Ctr Dept Anat & Cell Biol Kansas City KS 66160 USA Eotvos Lorand Univ Dept Biol Phys H-1117 Budapest Hungary

A computer-controlled microscopy system was devised to allow the observation of avian embryo development over an extended time period. Parallel experiments, as well as extended specimen volumes, can be recorded at cellular resolution using a three-dimensional scanning procedure. The resulting large set of data is processed automatically into registered, focal- and positional-drift corrected mosaic images, assembled as montages of adjacent microscopic fields. The configuration of the incubator and a sterile embryo chamber prevents condensation of the humidified culturing atmosphere in the optical path and is compatible with both differential interference contrast and epifluorescence optics. As a demonstration, recordings are presented showing the large-scale remodelling of the embryonic primordial vascular structure.

关键词： 4d microscopy automatic montage assembly avian development dIC image processing optical sectioning time-lapse

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A new expanded point information content design approach for 3d live-cell microscopy at video rates

A new expanded point information content design approach for...

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Conference on Three-dimensional and Multidimensional microscopy - Image Acquisition and Processing XX

作者： Zahreddine, Ramzi N. Cormack, Robert H. Cogswell, Carol J. Univ Colorado Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn Boulder CO 80309 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819493583

Through a combination of optical design and algorithm development, a new expanded point information content ( EPIC) microscope has been developed that is capable of extending the depth of field while simultaneously super locating the depth position of complex biological objects to within an accuracy of 75 nm. The data is then combined to form 3d animations of live-cell biological specimens. This is accomplished without the need to acquire multi-focal image stacks and is thus well suited for high-speed imaging.

关键词： 4d microscopy PSF engineering extended depth of field quantitative depth ranging computational optics live-cell imaging fluorescence microscopy

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Signal-to-noise in femtosecond electron diffraction

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ULTRAmicroscopy 2015年第Part1期159卷 19-25页

作者： Kealhofer, Catherine Lahme, Stefan Urban, Theresa Baum, Peter Univ Munich D-85748 Garching Germany Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt D-85748 Garching Germany

Pump-probe electron diffraction can directly record atomic-scale motion within molecules or materials. However, the available current in femtosecond experiments is limited, making it challenging to reach the sensitivity required for detecting the fastest structural dynamics, which are encoded in time-dependent diffraction intensities. Here we present a unified analysis of signal-to-noise for an ultrafast electron diffraction apparatus. We characterize the noise of realistic ultrafast electron sources and detectors, test the performance on crystalline and polycrystalline samples and discuss practical approaches for improving measurement sensitivity. The analysis is found sufficient to predict the achievable signal-to-noise ratio in pump-probe electron diffraction before actually starting an investigation. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ultrafast electron diffraction Pump-probe techniques 4d microscopy Femtosecond crystallography Electron pulses

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Temporal and lateral electron pulse compression by a compact spherical electrostatic capacitor

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ULTRAmicroscopy 2013年 130卷 36-43页

作者： Grzelakowski, Krzysztof P. Tromp, Rudolf M. OPTICON Nanotechnol PL-54424 Wroclaw Poland IBM Corp Thomas J Watson Res Ctr Div Res Yorktown Hts NY 10598 USA

A novel solution for high intensity electron pulse compression in both space and time is proposed in this paper. Based on the unique properties of the central-force electrostatic field of a spherical electrostatic capacitor, the newly developed alpha-Spherical deflector Analyzer (alpha-SdA) with 2 pi total deflection is utilized for the practical realization of femtosecond electron pulse compression. The mirror symmetry of the system at pi deflection causes not only the cancellation of the geometrical and chromatic aberrations at 2 pi, but also leads to aberration-free time reversal of the electron pulse in the exit plane. As a consequence, the time-divergent electrons at the input are transformed to a time-convergent pulse at the output. In the symmetric case with the first time compression exactly at pi, the shortest electron pulse behind the alpha-SdA analyzer is a mirror symmetric to the original electron pulse at the photocathode. It results in extremely short final electron pulses that are limited only by the duration of the laser pulse, the emittance of the electron bunch, and by imperfections of the real system. (C) 2013 Elsevier By. All rights reserved.

关键词： UEd dTEM Electron pulse compression 4d diffraction 4d microscopy

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A two-channel four-dimensional image recording and viewing system with automatic drift correction

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JOURNAL OF microscopy-OXFORd 2000年第1期200卷 75-80页

作者： Bürglin, TR Univ Basel Bioctr Div Cell Biol CH-4056 Basel Switzerland

Four-dimensional image acquisition systems have been described to analyse various developmental processes, for example, the Caenorhabditis elegans cell lineage. A practical problem that is often encountered during recordings is mechanical slippage of the microscope stage, causing the sample to drift out of focus. Furthermore, with the advent of green fluorescent protein (GFP) as an in vivo marker, affordable two-channel imaging systems are needed to correlate gene expression with changes through development. To overcome the mechanical drift a device-independent, software-only solution for the MacOS was devised that can compensate for Z-axis drifts in sample position. The software also allows recording of 4d stacks in two channels. To correct for drift, a small reference object beside the main object to be recorded is kept in focus using a simple autofocus principle, and this automatic drift correction allows for effective 4d recordings. In addition to the Z-axis drives and the shutters of the microscope, a video camera can be computer controlled to switch between two light levels. Second channel live GFP recordings are presently limited by the fact that the high intensity of the blue light heats and kills C. elegans embyros quickly. To view and annotate the stacks a MacOS viewing application was developed.

关键词： 4d microscopy four-dimensional imaging lineage analysis GFP MacOS stage drift correction

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