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作者： Gill, Evan University of Michigan

Conveying complex information using visualizations is becoming increasingly important for decision support as it allows stakeholders to critically evaluate and weigh different tradeoffs related to the sustainability of proposed designs (e.g ecological risks, aesthetic perceptions, habitat biodiversity). 3d and 4d visualizations are promising methods of visual communication in this context offering researchers and practitioners an expanded toolkit for engaging the public more broadly. The spatial and temporal accuracy of such visual representations increases a sense of presence allowing respondents to ‘experience’ different design scenarios more realistically. despite a large body of research on the merits of including 3d and 4d visuals in decision support, there is limited empirical evidence of how a visual medium best creates presence and whether additional non-visual stimuli can contribute this realistic experience based on objective measure. Prior research has focused primarily on psychological responses to both multisensory simulations and the effect of different viewing hardware on experience. This study investigates physiological indicators (galvanic skin response) to assess participants responses to 4d visualizations. Participants (N = 39) were presented with digital animations via a conventional screen and virtual reality head mounted display, with two varied sound conditions (no sound and detailed sound) across three environments (community garden, playground, and woodlot). Perceived biodiversity, preference, realism, recreational value, arousal, and pleasure were assessed using a 1-5 Likert-type scale while simultaneously collecting GSR data. Results indicate biodiversity, preference, and pleasure were significantly impacted by sound and environment while Realism and arousal were only significantly impacted by environment. These findings advance our understanding of how new technology and multisensory stimuli can influence stakeholders and impact environme

关键词： GSR 4d visualization virtual environment Thesis

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data-driven 4d visualization for Simulating Highway Construction Processes 12

Data-driven 4D Visualization for Simulating Highway Construc...

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ACM/IEEE/SCS 26th Workshop on Principles of Advanced and distributed Simulation (PAdS)

作者： Chen Guojun Liu Yan Chen Jingxiang Wu Wei China Univ Petr Coll Comp & Commun Engn Qingdao Peoples R China Beihang Univ State Key Lab Virtual Real Technol & Syst Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769547145;9781467317979

This paper presents a method which discretizes long and narrow belt-shaped structure into sequence of cross-sections and creates cross-section models automatically based on the real construction data. Then completion and schedule model of construction are obtained by connecting cross-section schedule models. This Method reduces data volumes effectively and improves automation degree and scalability of modeling constructions. The experiment has shown that this system is full-featured, the modeling and visualization of construction processes can meet the requirement of real-time.

关键词： automatic modeling project's construction progress 4d visualization highway

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TopoZeko: A MATLAB function for 3-d and 4-d topographical visualization in geosciences

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SOFTWAREX 2017年 6卷 285-292页

作者： Zekollari, Harry Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lab Hydraul Hydrol & Glaciol VAW Zurich Switzerland Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland Vrije Univ Brussel Earth Syst Sci Brussels Belgium Vrije Univ Brussel Dept Geog Brussels Belgium

TopoZeko is a MATLAB function for plotting a variety of natural environments with a pronounced topography, such as glaciers, volcanoes and lakes in mountainous regions. This function extends existing MATLAB plotting routines and allows for high-quality 3-d landscape visualization, with a single color defining a featured surface type or with a color scale defining the magnitude of a variable. As an input, only the elevation of the subsurface (typically the bedrock) and the surface are needed, which can be complemented by various input parameters. Several visualization examples are provided alongside with animations, which can directly be generated in the code. Additionally a simple function to calculate the position of the sun is introduced, which can be used to visualize the daily insolation/shadow cycle over a landscape. (C) 2017 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： MATLAB function visualization tool 4d visualization Topography

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CONSIdERATIONS REGARdING THE REPRESENTATION OF THE INVISIBLE: MONGE'S METHOd IN FOUR dIMENSIONS

EGA-REVISTA DE EXPRESION GRAFICA ARQUITECTONICA

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EGA-REVISTA dE EXPRESION GRAFICA ARQUITECTONICA 2019年第35期24卷 118-129页

作者： Martin Pastor, Andres Gentil Baldrich, Jose Ma

The graphic representation of four-dimensional space, between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, deserves a prominent place in the history of graphic thinking. As happened in the development of the Renaissance perspective, the study of polyhedra and polytopes by a few 'graphic mathematicians' was linked to the codification of new ways of representation. The desire to define new ways of seeing and representing the fourth dimension transcended all the spheres of aesthetic manifestations. We provide relevant testimonies regarding the evolution of the four-dimensional graphic systems. A final contribution based on Alfredo Llorens Herrero's Thesisi is also included, which involves the amplification of the dihedral System or Monge's method through the inclusion of an extra dimension. KEYWORdS: FOURTH dIMENSION.

关键词： FOURTH dIMENSION 4d visualization PERSPECTIVE dESCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY

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Automated Planning of Building Construction Considering the Amount of Available Floor Formwork

Automated Planning of Building Construction Considering the ...

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Construction Research Congress

作者： Mohammadi, Sina Tavakolan, Mehdi Zahraie, Banafsheh Univ Tehran Sch Civil Engn Coll Engn Tehran Iran

ISBN: (数字)9780784479827

ISBN: (纸本)9780784479827

In fast track projects, the construction time of the concrete building structure is highly affected by the amount and system of available formworks. However, formworks are usually very costly and providing extra formworks significantly increases the project costs. On the other hand, making full use of available resources, including formworks, requires appropriate planning of construction activities. In this research, a framework is proposed to use building information modeling data, sequencing logic and simulation to automatically determine how the amount of available table forms affects time and cost of building projects with respect to workspace spatiotemporal conflicts and available paths for transporting tables between different floor zones. Moreover, this framework provides the best schedule for a given amount of available table forms that minimizes the project duration. The proposed framework was tested in a case example, an eight-floor fast-track commercial building project with an area of nearly 18,250 m(2).

关键词： Construction planning Simulation Building information modeling 4d visualization Table formworks

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A 4d automatic simulation tool for construction resource planning: a case study

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ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION ANd ARCHITECTURAL MANAGEMENT 2015年第5期22卷 536-550页

作者： Li, Heng Chan, Greg Skitmore, Martin Huang, Ting Hong Kong Polytech Univ Dept Bldg & Real Estate Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China Univ Technol Sydney Fac Design Architecture & Bldg Sydney NSW 2007 Australia Queensland Univ Technol Sch Civil Engn & Built Environm Brisbane Qld 4001 Australia

Purpose - Traditional construction planning relies upon the critical path method and bar charts. Both of these methods suffer from visualization and timing issues that could be addressed by 4d technology specifically geared to meet the needs of the construction industry. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new construction planning approach based on simulation by using a game engine. design/methodology/approach - A 4d automatic simulation tool was developed and a case study was carried out. The proposed tool was used to simulate and optimize the plans for the installation of a temporary platform for piling in a civil construction project in Hong Kong. The tool simulated the result of the construction process with three variables: equipment, site layout and schedule. Through this, the construction team was able to repeatedly simulate a range of options. Findings - The results indicate that the proposed approach can provide a user-friendly 4d simulation platform for the construction industry. The simulation can also identify the solution being sought by the construction team. The paper also identifies directions for further development of the 4d technology as an aid in construction planning and decision making. Research limitations/implications - The tests on the tool are limited to a single case study and further research is needed to test the use of game engines for construction planning in different construction projects to verify its effectiveness. Future research could also explore the use of alternative game engines and compare their performance and results. Originality/value - The authors proposed the use of game engine to simulate the construction process based on resources, working space and construction schedule. The developed tool can be used by end-users without simulation experience.

关键词： Case studies Optimization Construction planning Simulation 4d visualization Game engines

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Perception of a Building Construction Schedule

Perception of a Building Construction Schedule

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Emerging M and S Applications in Industry and Academia Symp and the Modeling and Humanities Symp / Spring Simulation Multi-Conf (SpringSim '13)

作者： Samkari, Kais Gnerlich, Ralf Franz, Volkhard Univ Kassel Dept Construct Management Kassel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781627480390

Evaluating a schedule means making a judgment about the schedule after thinking carefully about its duration, cost, and the probable quality of its deliverable product. despite recent advances in 4d visualization, (i.e., 3d building geometry + time), only few have challenged its use in evaluating construction schedules. The intents of the planning that provide the means for evaluating schedules and making business-oriented decisions are missing during the visualization. Yet, 4d visualization has focused mainly on the visual detection of conflicts in time and space. This project proposes an approach to extend 4d visualization into a level we call perception, with the aim to support the decision-making process of a construction company during the phase of planning and execution. By gathering and then reproducing planning intents during the visualization of a large-scale building construction schedule, the application of our approach eases and accelerates the ability to comprehend a construction schedule. It also communicates planning intents among the project practitioners. A modeling tool and a simulation tool are utilized in order to acquire valid planning details. In this paper, our perception model that builds on a 4d model is presented. Then, the types and the sources of the planning intents, as well as a prototype implementation and an example, are described.

关键词： Perception model 4d visualization building construction planning decision support systems

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A 4-dIMENSIONAL APPROACH TO IMAGE TIME SERIES visualization ANd ANALYSIS

A 4-DIMENSIONAL APPROACH TO IMAGE TIME SERIES VISUALIZATION ...

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IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)

作者： Bovolo, F. Bruzzone, L. Univ Trento Dept Informat Engn & Comp Sci I-38123 Povo Trento Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781479911141

In this manuscript introduces a novel 4 dimensional tool for visualizing and analyzing long time series. The proposed tool is thought to be a support for an intuitive visual analysis of long time series and a starting point for the definition of novel methods for automatic image information mining in time series. The proposed tool is based on the mathematical smooth space curve known as helix. This choice aims at preserving the time neighborhood of acquisitions as a space neighborhood in the 4d representation (e. g., the proximity of subsequent days over the New Year). The impact and usefulness of the proposed tool is validated on a long time series of MOdIS Terra Surface Reflectance daily L2G Global (MOd09GA) products with a spatial resolution of 500m acquired from 1st January 2005 to 31st december 2012 for a total of 2845images.

关键词： Multitemporal images Image Time Series 4d visualization time-space proximity MOdIS images

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A 4-dIMENSIONAL APPROACH TO IMAGE TIME SERIES visualization ANd ANALYSIS

A 4-DIMENSIONAL APPROACH TO IMAGE TIME SERIES VISUALIZATION ...

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IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium

作者： F. Bovolo L. Bruzzone Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science University of Trento Via Sommarive 5 1-38123 Povo Trento Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781479911127

In this manuscript introduces a novel 4 dimensional tool for visualizing and analyzing long time series. The proposed tool is thought to be a support for an intuitive visual analysis of long time series and a starting point for the definition of novel methods for automatic image information mining in time series. The proposed tool is based on the mathematical smooth space curve known as helix. This choice aims at preserving the time neighborhood of acquisitions as a space neighborhood in the 4d representation (e.g., the proximity of subsequent days over the New Year). The impact and usefulness of the proposed tool is validated on a long time series of MOdIS Terra Surface Reflectance daily L2G Global (MOd09GA) products with a spatial resolution of 500m acquired from 1St January 2005 to 31st december 2012 for a total of 2845images.

关键词： Multitemporal images Image Time Series 4d visualization time-space proximity MOdIS images Time series visualization images image information Neighborhood Manuscripts SPACE Space Spatial resolution

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MACROSCOPIC MUSCULAR MOdELING BASEd ON IN VIVO 4d RAdIOLOGY

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING 2012年第2期10卷 131-142页

作者： Kober, Cornelia Berg, Britt-Isabelle Sturmat, Maike Rieger, Joerg Gallo, Luigi Boel, Markus Mack, Martin Zeilhofer, Hans-Florian Sader, Robert Hamburg Univ Appl Sci D-21033 Hamburg Germany Univ Basel Hosp CH-4031 Basel Switzerland TU Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany Goethe Univ Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany Univ Zurich Zurich Switzerland

Because of muscular deformation and movement, standard radiology provides only a snapshot of a probably never recurring situation. The scope of this project is dynamic rendering of muscular structures, starting from 4d radiology, namely, 3d plus time, to macroscopic visualization and simulation based thereon. As full realtime 4d MRI is still beyond the technical possibilities for most human muscles, we follow kind of multilevel approach. The first step is the analysis of muscular tissue of cadaveric preparations where validation can be performed by direct comparison. Second, nearly static, but living muscular tissue is studied based on standard 3d MRI. The first step toward time dependency is an ex post composed series of static MRIs where the muscle goes back to relaxed position between the acquisition steps. This is followed by so-called "quasi-continuous" acquisition where, although not in real time, the muscle does not go back to its original state, but however remains in a stretched position during acquisition. The final gcal is full real-time data acquisition. The radiological acquisition is followed by highly detailed image processing, segmentation, and visualization where the deforming muscular tissue is subjected to direct volume rendering with special transfer functions. The applied methods are demonstrated for the flexion of a human ankle joint and deforming human upper arm musculature. The visualization techniques proved to be well suited for capturing dynamics, but additional radiological research is strongly needed. The area of application of 4d modeling ranges from biomechanics to medical diagnosis and therapy of muscular disorders.

关键词： 4d visualization dynamic MRI sequential MRI upper arm musculature ankle joint flexion lower leg musculature biceps brachii muscle gastrocnemius muscle direct volume rendering 3d reconstruction

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