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A QCA placement and routing algorithm based on the SA algorithm

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS 2024年第12期111卷 2143-2158页

作者： Li, Gaisheng Peng, Fei Zhang, Bing Li, Yanshuai Xie, Guangjun Hefei Univ Technol Sch Microelect Hefei Peoples R China Hebei Finance Univ Sch Informat Engn & Comp Sci Baoding Peoples R China

In the Beyond Moore era, QCA (Quantum-dot Cellular Automata) has been widely studied because of its low power consumption and high device concentration. As the core of chip design, EDA technology has become an indispensable step in QCA research. It refers to the use of computer-aided design software to complete large-scale circuit function design, logic synthesis, placement and routing, design rule check and other processes. In the present study, there are still many defects in QCA placement and routing. The main problems it faces are low success rate, too large area and too many cross lines. To address these problems, our team had proposed a hybrid strategy based on the genetic algorithm and the improved a-star algorithm. But the running time of the previously proposed algorithm is not satisfying, besides it lacks self-adaption feature which is important as the problem size varies among different circuits. This paper replaces the genetic algorithm with a simulated annealing algorithm, and introduces a self-adaption strategy to better accommodate different circuit sizes. Experimental results show that the new algorithm combination possesses a higher success rate, lower running time and more intelligent adaption ability.

关键词： QCA placement and routing simulated annealing algorithm a-star algorithm

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Conflict-free tow train routing in just-in-time assembly lines

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INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS IN OPERATIONAL RESEARCH 2024年第0期

作者： Mengubas, Gul Gunduz Sorensen, Kenneth Kotan, Muhammed Univ Antwerp Dept Engn Management Antwerp Operat Res Grp ANT OR B-2000 Antwerp Belgium Sakarya Univ Dept Informat Syst Engn TR-54050 Sakarya Turkiye

Conflicts among tow trains pose a significant challenge in just-in-time manufacturing systems, impacting both safety and efficiency. This paper proposes an innovative solution to achieve conflict-free tow train routing. In our approach, the production layout is partitioned into "pixels." The A-star (A*) algorithm is then employed on this pixel-based layout to create a distance matrix between workstations. Subsequently, a simulated annealing heuristic optimizes tow train routes to deliver parts demanded at the workstations. Additionally, a conflict detection algorithm identifies collisions among tow trains on the pixel layout, which are then resolved through two distinct conflict avoidance strategies. The algorithms are implemented and tested on a set of benchmark instances, demonstrating their effectiveness.

关键词： conflict-free routing simulated annealing algorithm a-star algorithm optimization

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Low end-to-end delay fuzzy networking protocol for mobile wireless sensing

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WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS & MOBILE COMPUTING 2016年第15期16卷 2406-2418页

作者： Mazaheri, Mohammad Kavian, Yousef S. Sharif, Hamid Rashvand, Habib F. Shahid Chamran Univ Ahvaz Dept Elect Engn Fac Engn Ahvaz Iran Univ Nebraska Elect & Comp Engn Dept Lincoln NE USA Univ Warwick Sch Engn Coventry W Midlands England

Because of the practical limitations of the energy and processing capabilities, the deployment of many Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is facing two main challenges of increasing network lifetime and reducing End to End Delay (EED) which become critical when the nodes are mobile and use non-rechargeable energy sources. One way to help to extend network lifetime is using fuzzy logic in a form of artificial intelligence. To this end we propose a new routing protocol for using mobile WSNs, which holds the nodes in an equal level of energy and decreases energy dissipation of the network. An optimum path is selected based on the cost of each node to increase network lifetime. In order to lessen EED, we also attempt to design a novel zoning-scheme for the network area. In this scheme, zonation is dynamic and works based on the Data Link (DL) position. The simulation result shows a significant improvement in lifetime and EED by proposed protocol compared with existing protocols. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： wireless sensor networks mobility end-to-end delay fuzzy logic a-star algorithm

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Load-Balanced Topology Rebuilding for Disconnected Wireless Sensor Networks With Delay Constraint

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE COMPUTING

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE COMPUTING 2022年第4期7卷 899-909页

作者： Yin, Song Obaidat, Mohammad S. Liu, Xuxun Zhou, Huan Liu, Anfeng South China Univ Technol Coll Elect & Informa t Engn Guangzhou 510641 Peoples R China South China Univ Technol Key Lab Autonomous Syst & Network Control Minist Educ China Guangzhou 510641 Peoples R China Univ Texas Permian Basin Comp Sci Dept TX79762 Odessa TX 79762 USA Univ Texas Permian Basin Cybersecur Ctr USA TX79762 Odessa TX 79762 USA China Three Gorges Univ Coll Comp & Informat Technol Yichang 443002 Peoples R China Cent South Univ Sch Comp Sci & Engn Changsha 410083 Peoples R China

In inhospitable environments, connectivity recovery plays a significant role in enabling normal data transmission in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, existing approaches lack thorough load-balancing and delay-control functions. In this article, we present a load-balanced connectivity recovery (LBCR) strategy to address these problems. This strategy consists of two relay-segment selection approaches. The first one is the delay-controlled connectivity mechanism, in which mobile relays and static relays are employed to connect isolated segments, and the path length of the two kinds of relays is adjusted based on the requirement of data delivery delay. The second one is the load-balanced connectivity mechanism, in which both the intra-segment and the inter-segment traffic distribution are evaluated to balance the traffic load. For intra-segment load equilibrium, we use the a-star algorithm to calculate the number of disjoint paths of a relay segment, which helps to evaluate the load sharing ability from a micro perspective. For inter-segment load equilibrium, we compare the traffic load of different paths, which helps to evaluate the load sharing ability from a macroscopic angle. Extensive simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and advantage of our strategy in terms of connectivity cost, data collection delay, and system lifespan.

关键词： Wireless sensor network connectivity restoration load balancing delay control a-star algorithm

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Public bus commuter assistance through the named entity recognition of twitter feeds and intelligent route finding

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IET INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS 2017年第8期11卷 521-529页

作者： Mahmood, Tariq Mujtaba, Ghulam Shuib, Liyana Ali, Nikkishah Zulfiqar Bawa, Amir Karim, Saima Inst Business Adm Dept Comp Sci Karachi Pakistan Sukkur IBA Univ Dept Comp Sci Sukkur Pakistan Univ Malaya Fac Comp Sci & Informat Technol Dept Informat Syst Kuala Lumpur Malaysia FOLIO3 Business Ctr PECHS Block 6 Karachi Pakistan Natl Univ Comp & Emerging Sci Dept Comp Sci Karachi Pakistan

Karachi (Pakistan) has recently been subject to violent incidents targeted primarily at civilians. These incidents are problematic for commuters who use the public bus system and who often fail to reach their work organisations due to consequent bus strikes. This series of events leads to considerable financial losses for the transport industry. This study proposes and implements safe and fast around the road (SAFAR) which is an intelligent transport Android application developed in collaboration with the local transport authority of Karachi. SAFAR provides run-time information to bus commuters regarding recent violent activities farther up from the current location of the commuters on their route. SAFAR employs live Twitter feeds to classify the manner, location, and casualty information of the violence. The authors investigate SAFAR's performance offline with three named entity recognition (NER) approaches, namely, supervised, dictionary-based, and integrated (hybrid), and show that the integrated approach has the best performance with a precision of 85%. Furthermore, SAFAR recommends alternate routes to commuters if violence is detected farther up through the A-star (A*) algorithm. An online evaluation of SAFAR with 50 real users gave a precision of approximate to 85% to identify violence locations. Finally, a subjective evaluation showed that SAFAR's performance is satisfactory.

关键词： public transport intelligent transportation systems social networking (online) Android (operating system) vehicle routing graphical user interfaces learning (artificial intelligence) pattern classification Karachi Pakistan violent incidents public bus system safe and fast around the road intelligent transport Android application local transport authority SAFAR run-time information bus commuters violent activities SAFAR performance Twitter feeds named entity recognition supervised dictionary-based integrated approaches a-star algorithm A* algorithm online SAFAR evaluation integrated NER SAFAR GUI traffic routines

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Detecting and Locating Non-Technical Losses in Modern Distribution Networks

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID 2018年第2期9卷 1023-1032页

作者： Leite, Jonatas Boas Sanches Mantovani, Jose Roberto UNESP FEIS Elect Engn Dept BR-15385000 Ilha Solteira Brazil

The recent addition of information and communication technologies in electric power distribution systems has introduced a new class of electricity theft or nontechnical loss. Energy consumption data can be hidden and altered through cyber-attacks that are characterized by the unauthorized access to the application database and digital tampering of smart meters. The development of cost-efficient algorithms to address these types of nontechnical losses also targets the reduction of commercial losses because the full protection of an information system is very expensive. Thus, this paper proposes a strategy to detect nontechnical losses using a multivariate control chart that establishes a reliable region for monitoring the measured variance. After the detection of nontechnical losses, a pathfinding procedure based on the a-star algorithm is able to locate the consumption point with the non-technical loss. Moreover, a geographical information system application displays the consumption point that is the target of the cyber-attack. The numerical results demonstrate the selectivity and efficiency of the proposed methodology applied for monitoring a real distribution network.

关键词： Commercial losses cyber-attacks multivariate procedure of monitoring and control smart metering system a-star algorithm

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Bi-Objective Cost Function for Adaptive Routing in Network-on-Chip

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MULTI-SCALE COMPUTING SYSTEMS 2018年第2期4卷 177-187页

作者： Gabis, Asma Benmessaoud Bomel, Pierre Sevaux, Marc Ecole Natl Super Informat Lab Methodes Concept Syst BP 68M Oued Smar 16309 Alger Algeria Univ Bretagne Sud Lab STICC UMR 6285 CNRS F-56321 Lorient France

This paper proposes a new fully adaptive routing protocol for 2D-mesh Network-on-Chip (NoCs). It is inspired from the A-star search algorithm and called Heuristic based Routing algorithm (HRA). It is distributed, congestion-aware, and fault-tolerant by using only the local information of each router neighbors. HRA does not use Virtual Channels (VCs) but tries to reduce the risk of deadlock by avoiding the 2-nodes and the 4-nodes loops. HRA is based on a bi-objective weighted sum cost function. Its goal is optimizing latency and throughput. Experiments show that HRA ensures a good reliability rate despite the presence of many faulty links. In addition, our approach reports interesting latencies and average throughput values when a non-dominated solution is chosen.

关键词： Network-on-Chip routing protocol a-star algorithm bi-objective performance

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Optimal path planning in a real-world radioactive environment: A comparative study of A-star and Dijkstra algorithms

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NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2024年 420卷

作者： Miyombo, Miyombo Ernest Liu, Yong-kuo Mulenga, Chishinga Milton Siamulonga, Anthony Kabanda, Martin Chihango Shaba, Phillimon Xi, Chunli Ayodeji, Abiodun Harbin Engn Univ Fundamental Sci Nucl Safety & Simulat Technol Lab Harbin 150001 Peoples R China Radiat Protect Author Explorat HousePOB 50002 Lusaka Zambia Natl Inst Sci & Ind Res PO BOX 310158 Int Airport Rd Lusaka Zambia Northeast Forestry Univ Transportat Coll Harbin 150040 Peoples R China Brunel Univ London Brunel Innovat Ctr Uxbridge UB8 3PH England

Navigating complex radioactive environments while minimizing radiation exposure to workers is a critical challenge faced by the nuclear industry. Although various shortest-path algorithms and radiation dose calculation techniques have been employed for optimal path finding, most existing models are based on simulations that do not accurately represent real-world environments. To address this limitation, this study presents a pathplanning experiment conducted on a naturally radioactive slag dump, Slag Dump No. 48, also known as Black Mountain, in Zambia. The experiment utilizes the Radiation Detection Backpack System (RDBS) and Geolocation Application for Radiation Monitoring (GARM) in conjunction with the Dijkstra and A -star algorithms to search for an optimal walking path on the slag dump. The distances between neighboring nodes and heuristic values, derived from gamma dose rates, are experimentally obtained from the GARM software. This research contributes to the field by: (1) performing a real-world path planning experiment on a radioactive slag dump, (2) applying RDBS for measuring gamma radiation from a naturally radioactive slag, (3) investigating the combined use of RDBS, GARM, Dijkstra, and A -star algorithms for optimal pathfinding, (4) generating heuristic values and node distances experimentally for path planning in an actual radioactive environment, and (5) comparing the performance of state-of-the-art minimum dose walking path algorithms on dose rate-based and node distance-based weighted graphs. The results of this study and the proposed future work provide valuable insights for enhancing radiation protection and optimizing path planning in radioactive environments.

关键词： Optimal path planning Radiation dose assessment Gamma radiation a-star algorithm Dijkstra algorithm Nuclear decommissioning

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Distribution of Artificial Intelligence in Digital Games

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES 2015年第3期11卷 1-14页

作者： Downey, Shaun Charles, Darryl Univ Ulster Magee Derry North Ireland Univ Ulster Coleraine Londonderry North Ireland

This paper reports on the creation of an application capable of producing intelligent character behavior based on distribution of Artificial Intelligence. To develop, test and experiment on applied Artificial Intelligence, computer games are quickly becoming the ideal simulation test bed for the implementation of computer generated AI. The application of Artificial Intelligence algorithms create immersive game-play where human players can interact with non-player characters and interactions with the environment helps shape the way in which games are played. A-star pathfinding utilizes a heuristic function implementing cost of moving through a virtual world, this actively affects how an agent responds to a situation and can alter its decision making. This paper describes the implementation of the a-star algorithm combined with gameplay mechanics used to simulate multi-agent communication within a randomly generated game-world.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence a-star algorithm Distributed AI Multi-Agent Procedural Content Generation Unity 3D

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Framework,model and algorithm for the global control of urban automated driving traffic

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Frontiers of Engineering Management 2024年第4期11卷 592-619页

作者： Kunpeng LI Xuefang HAN Xianfei JIN School of Management Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Sabre Inc Southlake TX 76092USA

Automated driving has recently attracted significant *** considerable research has been conducted on the technologies and societal acceptance of autonomous vehicles,investigations into the control and scheduling of urban automated driving traffic are still *** automated driving gains traction,urban traffic control logic is poised for substantial ***,both manual and automated driving predominantly operate under a local decision-making traffic mode,where driving decisions are based on the vehicle’s status and immediate *** mode,however,does not fully exploit the potential benefits of automated driving,particularly in optimizing road network resources and traffic *** response to the increasing adoption of automated driving,it is essential for traffic bureaus to initiate proactive dialogs regarding urban traffic control from a global *** paper introduces a novel global control mode for urban automated driving *** core concept involves the central scheduling of all autonomous vehicles within the road network through vehicle-infrastructure cooperation,thereby optimizing traffic *** paper elucidates the mechanism and process of the global control *** the operational complexity of expansive road networks,the paper suggests segmenting these networks into multiple manageable *** mode is conceptualized as an autonomous vehicle global scheduling problem,for which a mathematical model is formulated and a modified a-star algorithm is *** experimental findings reveal that(i)the algorithm consistently delivers high-quality solutions promptly and(ii)the global scheduling mode significantly reduces traffic congestion and equitably distributes *** conclusion,this paper presents a viable and efficacious new control mode that could substantially enhance urban automated traffic efficiency.

关键词： automated driving urban traffic control global scheduling mode autonomous vehicle route planning a-star algorithm

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