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BERICHTE DER BUNSEN-GESELLSCHAFT-PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS 1984年第11期88卷 1036-1042页

作者： WAGNER, PE Institut für Experimentalphysik Universität Wien Strudlhofgasse 4 A‐1090 Wien Österreich

AbstractThe term aerosol designates a suspension of solid or liquid particles in a gas. The properties of aerosols have been investigated by many authors. The dynamics of aerosol particles is influenced by the interactions with the ambient gas, which are dependent on the Knudsennumber (mean free path of the gas molecules/particles radius). Presently many investigations are in progress dealing with diffusion and coagulation in ultrafine aerosols and the influence of electrical and van der Waals forces. For many applications the scattering of light by aerosol particles is important, which depends on the particle size parameter (particle circumference/light wavelength). Formation and evolution in time of aerosol particles are influenced by condensation processes. Particularly heterogeneous nucleation on ultrafine particles and homogeneous nucleation are presently investigated by many authors. Besides the investigations of the physico‐chemical properties of aerosols, a number of aerosol measuring techniques have been developed, which are of great practical importance particularly in view of the increasing problem of atmospheric air pollutio

关键词： aerosols Colloides Light, Scattering Nucleation Transport Properties

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Investigation of the thermal structure in the atmospheric boundary layer during evening transition and the impact of aerosols on radiative cooling

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QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2025年第768期151卷

作者： Singh, Suryadev Pratap Rafiuddin, Mohammad Banerjee, Subham Sreenivas, K. R. Jawaharlal Nehru Ctr Adv Sci Res Engn Mech Unit Jakkur PO Bengaluru 560064 India Michigan Technol Univ Houghton MI USA Council Energy Environm & Water ISID Campus New Delhi India

The evening transition is crucial in various phenomena, including boundary-layer stability, temperature inversion, radiation fog, vertical mixing, and pollution dispersion. We have explored this transition using data from 80 days of observations across two fog seasons at the Kempegowda International Airport, Bengaluru (KIAB). Through field experiments and simulations integrating aerosol interaction in a radiation-conduction model, we elucidate the impact of aerosols on longwave cooling of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). Field observations indicate that, under calm and clear-sky conditions, the evening transition typically results in a distinct vertical thermal structure called the lifted temperature minimum (LTM). We observe that the prevailing profile near the surface, post-sunset is the LTM profile. Additionally, the occurrence of LTM is observed to increase with decreases in downward and upward longwave flux, soil sensible heat flux, wind speed, and turbulent kinetic energy measured at 2 m above ground level (AGL). In such scenarios, the intensity of LTM profiles is governed primarily by the aerosol-induced longwave heating rate (LHR) within the surface layer. Furthermore, the presence of dense clouds leads to increased downward flux, causing the disappearance of LTM, whereas shallow fog can enhance LTM intensity, as observed in both field observations and simulations. Usually, prevailing radiation models underestimate aerosol-induced LHR by an order of magnitude compared with actual field observations. We attribute this difference to aerosol-induced radiation divergence. We show that the impact of aerosol-induced LHR extends hundreds of meters into the inversion layer, affecting temperature profiles and potentially influencing processes such as fog formation. As the fog layer develops, LHR strengthens at its upper boundary. However, we highlight the difficulty in detecting this cooling using remote instruments such as microwave radiometers.

关键词： aerosols fog lifted temperature minimum longwave cooling radiation divergence

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Sample preparation methods for elemental analysis in electronic cigarette aerosols: a critical review

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ANALYTICAL METHODS 2025年第9期17卷 1997-2014页

作者： Dill, Maarten Barhdadi, Sophia Vanhee, Celine Deconinck, Eric Serv Med & Hlth Prod Sciensano Sci Direct Chem & Phys Hlth Risks J Wytsmanstr 14 B-1050 Brussels Belgium

In the last decade, e-cigarettes have been marketed as a less harmful alternative to classical tobacco smoking and are currently being used by millions of people. An e-cigarette consists of an e-liquid and a heating device, generating an aerosol that the user can inhale. Recently, several studies have shown that metals and metalloids, including As, Cd, and Pb, known carcinogens, were present in these aerosols. To ensure the accuracy of dose-toxicity estimations, it is essential to have access to reliable and reproducible methods for estimating the dose in question. Although more standardization methodologies were introduced in the analysis of metal(loid)s from aerosols, a huge divergence in sample preparation can be found in the literature. This work aimed to provide an overview of the sample preparation methods used to quantify these metal(loid)s. Therefore, a literature search was conducted in September 2024, that followed the PRISMA guidelines. Among the 48 articles selected, a wide variability in sample preparation was observed, specifically variations in aerosol generation characteristics and collection techniques. Despite the widespread use of methods as filters and impingers, many studies failed to validate critical steps such as aerosol recovery, blank corrections, and the extent of matrix effects. In addition, poor inorganic methodological practices were often applied, such as excessive use of glass materials for aerosol collection or other sample preparation steps. Therefore, further standardization of methodologies is urgently needed to improve the reliability of metal quantification in e-cigarette aerosols, which could potentially enhance regulatory frameworks and facilitate the routine analysis of e-cigarette emissions.

关键词： aerosols

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The Influence of Natural, Anthropogenic, and Wildfire Sources on Iron and Zinc aerosols Delivered to the North Pacific Ocean

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GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2025年第3期52卷

作者： Bunnell, Z. B. Sieber, M. Hamilton, D. S. Marsay, C. M. Buck, C. S. Landing, W. M. John, S. G. Conway, T. M. Univ S Florida Coll Marine Sci St Petersburg FL 33701 USA North Carolina State Univ Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci Raleigh NC USA Univ Georgia Skidaway Inst Oceanog Savannah GA USA Univ Delaware Coll Earth Ocean & Environm Newark DE USA Florida State Univ Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci St Petersburg FL USA Univ Calif Los Angeles Dept Earth Sci Los Angeles CA USA

Atmospheric deposition is an important source of iron (Fe) and perhaps zinc (Zn) to the oceans. We present total and water-soluble aerosol Fe and Zn isotopic compositions, size-fractionated aerosol Fe isotopic compositions, and aerosol enrichment factors from the North Pacific GEOTRACES GP15 section (Alaska-Tahiti) during the low dust season. We found distinct bulk aerosol provinces along this latitudinal transect: Asian aerosols (especially crustal dust) dominate at higher latitudes (52-32 degrees N) while North American heavier-than-crustal wildfire aerosols dominate in Equatorial Pacific deployments (20 degrees N to 20 degrees S). Soluble aerosol Fe was isotopically lighter-than-crustal along the full transect, strongly indicative of a pervasive anthropogenic Fe contribution to the Pacific. Comparison to a global aerosol deposition model corroborates that an isotopically heavy endmember is required for wildfire Fe, attributed to pyroconvective entrainment of soil particles. For Zn, the entire GP15 section is dominated by non-crustal anthropogenic sources, reflected by light isotopic compositions (bulk: -0.12 +/- 0.08 parts per thousand and soluble: -0.17 +/- 0.14 parts per thousand).

关键词： aerosols iron trace metals dust wildfires GEOTRACES

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Energy Recovery Ventilation: What Is Needed to Fill the Research Gaps Related to Its Effects on Exposure to Indoor Bio-aerosols, Nanoparticulate, and Gaseous Indoor Air Pollution

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ATMOSPHERE 2025年第3期16卷 309-309页

作者： Nazarenko, Yevgen Narayanan, Chitra Univ Cincinnati Coll Med Dept Environm & Publ Hlth Sci Div Environm & Ind Hyg 160 Panzeca Way Cincinnati OH 45267 USA CUNY York Coll Dept Chem 94-20 Guy R Brewer Blvd Jamaica NY 11451 USA

Indoor air quality (IAQ) impacts human health, productivity, and well-being. As buildings become more energy-efficient and tightly sealed, the need for effective ventilation systems that maintain adequate IAQ grows. Energy Recovery Ventilators (ERVs) ensure adequate IAQ by bringing fresh outdoor air indoors while minimizing costly energy wastage. ERVs provide major economic, health, and well-being benefits and are a critical technology in the fight against climate change. However, little is known about the impact of ERV operation on the generation and fate of particulate and gaseous indoor air pollutants, including toxic, carcinogenic, allergenic, and infectious air pollutants. Specifically, the air pollutant crossover, aerosol deposition within ERVs, the chemical identity and composition of aerosols and volatile organic compounds emitted by ERVs themselves and by the accumulated pollutants within them, and the effects on bioaerosols must be investigated. To fill these research gaps, both field and laboratory-based experimental research that closely mimics real-life conditions within a controlled environment is needed to explore critical aspects of ERVs' effects on indoor air pollution. Filling the research gaps identified herein is urgently needed to alert and inform the industry about how to optimize ERVs to help prevent air pollutant generation and recirculation from these systems and enhance their function of pollutant removal from residential and commercial buildings. Addressing these knowledge gaps related to ERV design and operation will enable evidence-based recommendations and generate valuable insights for engineers, policymakers, and heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) professionals to create healthier indoor environments.

关键词： energy recovery ventilator ERV bioaerosols aerosols nanoparticles ultrafine air quality

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Measurement of the nonlinear refractive index of highly scattering aerosols

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OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY 2025年 181卷

作者： Zeng, Xi Liu, Haiyi Zhou, Chuanqing Shanghai Univ Med & Hlth Sci Coll Med Instruments Shanghai 201318 Peoples R China Nankai Univ Inst Modern Opt Tianjin Key Lab Microscale Opt Informat Sci & Tech Tianjin 300350 Peoples R China

The quality of air significantly impacts both the quality of life and the health of individuals. Femtosecond laser filament-induced nonlinear spectroscopy effectively measures both aerosol concentration and composition. Specifically, the nonlinear refractive index coefficient of the atmosphere directly influences the nonlinear propagation of femtosecond lasers in the air. The presence of aerosol particles in the atmosphere, particularly water droplets, may affect this nonlinear refractive index coefficient. However, the measurement of the nonlinear refractive index coefficient of highly scattering aerosols has not yet been reported. In this paper, a method to obtain the nonlinear refractive index coefficients of aerosols based on spectral changes is presented. Experiment measured the n(2) coefficient of the air and water vapor aerosols respectively. Experimental results show that the n(2) coefficients are 2.5 x 10(-19) cm(2)/W and 2.4 x 10(-19) cm(2)/W respectively for air with incident energy of 48 mu J and 68 mu J, the n(2) coefficient are 2.5 x 10(-19) cm(2)/W and 2.3 x 10(-19) cm(2)/W respectively for aerosol with attenuation coefficients of 0.029 dB/cm. When the concentration of aerosols was increased to an attenuation coefficient of 0.045 dB/cm, the nonlinear refractive index coefficient of the aerosols was 3.1 x 10(-19) cm(2)/W. The experimental results indicated that low concentrations of aerosols did not affect the nonlinear refractive index coefficient of air, but as the concentration increased to a certain level, the nonlinear refractive index coefficient of air increased. This work provides a simpler and faster technical route for measuring the n(2) coefficient of gaseous media, offers a new approach to the problem of measuring the nonlinear refractive index of thick, highly scattering media, and addresses the shortcomings of the z-scan.

关键词： Nonlinear refractive index coefficient Spectral changes aerosols Air pollution Filament induced nonlinear spectroscopy

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Multi-Model Assessment of the Role of Anthropogenic aerosols in Summertime Climate Change in Europe

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GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2025年第6期52卷

作者： Nabat, P. Somot, S. Boe, J. Corre, L. Katragkou, E. Li, S. Mallet, M. van Meijgaard, E. Pavlidis, V. Pietikaeinen, J. -p. Sorland, S. Solmon, F. Univ Toulouse CNRM Meteofrance CNRS Toulouse France Univ Toulouse CECI CERFACS CNRS Toulouse France Meteo France Toulouse France Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki Sch Geol Dept Meteorol & Climatol Thessaloniki Greece ETH Zurich Switzerland Yangzhou Univ Coll Hydraul Sci & Engn Yangzhou Peoples R China Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI De Bilt Netherlands Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon Climate Serv Ctr Germany GERICS Hamburg Germany Sweco Bergen Norway CNRS Lab Aerol Toulouse France

Global and regional climate models (respectively GCMs and RCMs) are delivering conflicting messages about summertime climate change in Europe, revealing notably a weaker warming in RCMs. A dedicated multimodel ensemble of nine GCM-RCM pairs is analyzed to assess the role of anthropogenic aerosols in these inconsistencies. The expected decrease of anthropogenic aerosol concentrations is found both to modify the future evolution of shortwave radiation and to generate an extra warming. For every tenth in aerosol optical depth drop in Central Europe, shortwave radiation is increased at the surface by 6.3 Wm(-2) and decreased at the top of the atmosphere by 5.6 Wm(-2), while near-surface temperature is increased by 0.3 degrees C. The consideration of time-varying anthropogenic aerosols in RCMs thus contributes to improving GCM/RCM consistency in Europe for these three variables, but not for water cycle. The results obtained underline the necessity to better consider aerosols in upcoming regional climate simulations.

关键词： aerosols regional climate model climate change future climate in Europe

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Efficient Multiangle Polarimetric Retrieval of aerosols Using Data-Driven Deep Learning Method

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING 2025年 63卷

作者： Man, Wenjing Tao, Minghui Wang, Lunche Xu, Lina Jiang, Jianfang Wang, Yi Xu, Xiaoguang Tao, Jinhua Chen, Liangfu China Univ Geosci Sch Geog & Informat Engn Hubei Key Lab Reg Ecol & Environm Change Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China China Univ Geosci Sch Geophys & Spatial Informat Hubei Subsurface Multiscale Imaging Key Lab Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Univ Maryland Dept Phys GESTAR II Baltimore MD USA Univ Maryland Earth & Space Inst Baltimore MD USA Chinese Acad Sci State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci Aerosp Informat Res Inst Beijing 100101 Peoples R China

The multiangle polarimetric (MAP) measurement provides abundant information about aerosol microphysical properties, but its physical retrieval methods of aerosols usually rely on time-consuming optimal iterative calculations. This study introduces a robust and efficient MAP aerosol retrieval over eastern China based on a data-driven deep learning (DL) method. By directly training the function relationship between Polarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances (POLDER) measurements and matched aerosol products in typical Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sites with the deep belief network (DBN) methods, aerosol optical depth (AOD), fine mode AOD (FAOD), coarse mode AOD (CAOD), and single scattering albedo (SSA) can be retrieved reliably. Ground validation shows very high accuracy for POLDER-3 DBN AOD ( ${R} = 0.917$ ) and FAOD ( ${R} = 0.942$ ) compared with AERONET results. Despite a decrease in retrieval accuracy, DBN CAOD and spectral SSA exhibit very consistent variations with ground inversions. In particular, POLDER-3 DBN retrievals over eastern China perform better than generalized retrieval of aerosol and surface properties (GRASP) products with optimized method. Our results demonstrate that DBN can well model the complex functional relationships between MAP measurements and aerosol optical/microphysical parameters. With the striking advantage in computational efficiency and modeling ability, the DL methods, such as DBN, have an enormous potential in operational aerosol retrieval of the emerging MAP satellite instruments.

关键词： aerosols Satellites Training Atmospheric measurements Accuracy Optical sensors Optical reflection Optical polarization Instruments Particle measurements Aerosol deep belief network (DBN) multiangle polarimetric (MAP) POLDER-3

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Long-term variations in diurnal precipitation pattern and their attribution to aerosols across China

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ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH 2025年 315卷

作者： Zhang, Lijie Wang, Shanshan Wang, Yang Lei, Miao Zhao, Yang He, Jianjun Lanzhou Univ Coll Atmospher Sci Key Lab Semiarid Climate Change Minist Educ Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci State Key Lab Severe Weather Beijing 100081 Peoples R China

Precipitation and its diurnal cycle are closely connected with the thermodynamic and dynamic processes of the Earth system, significantly influencing the climate. This study evaluates the performance of reanalysis and CMIP6 datasets in reproducing hourly precipitation events during warm seasons across China from 1980 to 2014. Statistical results indicate that while these datasets better reproduce the distribution of mean intensity than mean duration, neither fully captures the trends in mean duration or intensity. The reanalysis and CMIP6 datasets can reproduce the late afternoon precipitation peak, but it is difficult to capture the early morning peak of longduration events except for ERA5 and HadGEM3-GC31-MM. Short-duration events show advanced peak time trends over most stations, while long-duration events exhibit delayed trends, a pattern not comprehensively replicated by other datasets. Additionally, the impact of aerosols on precipitation peak times varies across three regions: North China Plain (NCP), Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and the Pearl River Delta (PRD). In the NCP, early morning and midnight peaks advance for precipitation that lasts 4-6 h, potentially linked to aerosol radiative effects. In contrast, in the YRD and PRD, both early morning and late afternoon peaks are delayed 1-2 h, associated with the radiative and microphysical effects of aerosols. This study also highlights that aerosol impacts on precipitation peak times are dependent on meteorological conditions. In the NCP, the radiative effect of absorbing aerosols is enhanced under low-CAPE conditions. In the YRD, the aerosol invigoration effect is inhibited under high-WS conditions, whereas in the PRD, a low-WS environment enhances the microphysical effect of aerosols.

关键词： Precipitation events Diurnal cycle Peak time Reanalysis and CMIP6 datasets aerosols

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Carbon capture with pure monoethanolamine aerosols: Method development for assessing safety hazards and identifying a safe operating window using oxygen-containing flue gas streams

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JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES 2025年 94卷

作者： van den Bogaert, Annelot Verplaetsen, Filip Vanierschot, Maarten Braeken, Leen Leblebici, M. Enis Katholieke Univ Leuven Ctr Ind Proc Technol Dept Chem Engn Diepenbeek CampusCampuslaan 25 B-3590 Diepenbeek Belgium Adinex NV Brouwerijstr 11 B-2200 Herentals Belgium Katholieke Univ Leuven Dept Mech Engn Grp T Leuven CampusCelestijnenlaan 300 B-3001 Leuven Belgium North West Univ Mat Sci Innovat & Modelling MaSIM Private Bag X2046 ZA-2745 Mmabatho South Africa

Recent research proved the potential of aerosol reactors for post-combustion capture of CO2 with highly concentrated monoethanolamine (MEA). However, aerosol flammability in a continuous aerosol reactor has not been studied before. Safety cannot be guaranteed when processing oxygen-containing flue gases. The goal of this work is to develop a continuous aerosol safety testing method to investigate aerosol flammability. The proposed method is validated by determining the safe operating window of MEA aerosols by changing parameters on the aerosol and gas side. The relation between aerosol properties and flammability is investigated via high-speed camera. Safe operating conditions in air were found for MEA solutions up to of 70 wt%, suggesting that these solutions are safe to use with any flue gas. However, 80 wt% MEA and higher were flammable. 80 wt% MEA was only flammable at low liquid flow rates. This can be attributed to the increased droplet velocity at higher liquid flow rates, which results in shorter evaporation times. Therefore, the lower flammability limit (LFL) cannot be reached. Overall, MEA concentration and liquid flow rate appear to be the most influential parameters on aerosol flammability. Furthermore, the limiting oxygen concentration (LOC) was investigated. Maximum LOCs were identified as 13.5% and 15% for 100 and 90 wt% MEA, respectively. This information is crucial for matching appropriate flue gases with compatible aerosol reactor configurations. By developing and validating the method for MEA aerosols, this work narrows the gap between aerosol reactors for carbon capture and safely processing oxygen-containing flue gas streams.

关键词： Aerosol flammability aerosols Carbon capture Ethanolamine Aerosol safety

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