A brief history of aerosols is presented. It is interesting to know that the word aerosol was first used independently in Germany in 1920 and in England in 1923. However, the use in England dates back to World War I m...
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A brief history of aerosols is presented. It is interesting to know that the word aerosol was first used independently in Germany in 1920 and in England in 1923. However, the use in England dates back to World War I military research and was coined by Frederic George Donnan.
A simple, sensitive and convenient ion chromatography(IC) method was established for the simultaneous determination of twelve water-soluble inorganic anions(F -, Cl -, NO - 2, NO - 3, SO 2- 3, SO 2- ...
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A simple, sensitive and convenient ion chromatography(IC) method was established for the simultaneous determination of twelve water-soluble inorganic anions(F -, Cl -, NO - 2, NO - 3, SO 2- 3, SO 2- 4, PO 3- 4), and fifteen water-soluble organic ions(formate, acetate, MSA, oxalate, malonate, succinate, phthalates, etc.) in atmospheric aerosols. The linear concentrations ranged from 0.005 μg/m 3 to 500 μg/m 3(r = 0.999—0.9999). The relative standard deviation(RSD) were 0.43%—2.00% and the detection limits were from 2.7 ng/m 3 to 88 ng/m 3. The proposed method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of those inorganic ions and organic ions in PM 2.5 of Beijing.
The ratio of the absorption coefficient to the backscatter coefficient for which heating and cooling effects due to aerosols exactly balance at the earth's surface has been calculated with the use of a radiative-c...
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The ratio of the absorption coefficient to the backscatter coefficient for which heating and cooling effects due to aerosols exactly balance at the earth's surface has been calculated with the use of a radiative-convective atmospheric model. The results are compared with those obtained from several simpler mean radiative-transfer models.
To determine the effects of atmospheric aerosols on the radiative heating of the earth-atmosphere system, the radiative transfer equation is solved analytically in the two-stream approximation. It is found that the si...
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To determine the effects of atmospheric aerosols on the radiative heating of the earth-atmosphere system, the radiative transfer equation is solved analytically in the two-stream approximation. It is found that the sign of the heating is independent of optical thickness of an aerosol layer and the amount of heating approaches a finite limit with increasing thickness of a layer. Limitations of the two-stream approximation are discussed.
The purpose of this paper is to address the issue of aerosols by defining and dividing them in terms of their size, spatial localization and composition. The paper briefly deals with the issue of the origins and forma...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780735412446
The purpose of this paper is to address the issue of aerosols by defining and dividing them in terms of their size, spatial localization and composition. The paper briefly deals with the issue of the origins and formation of aerosols. Further, it describes the trends in measuring nanoparticles based on their electric field mobility behavior, condensation, optical properties and aerosol particle acceleration in an air-stream.
aerosols loading and retention justifies the efficiency of the 'self-cleansing' mechanism of the geographical air space. The advantage of the proposed technique which is based on the coefficient of variation h...
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aerosols loading and retention justifies the efficiency of the 'self-cleansing' mechanism of the geographical air space. The advantage of the proposed technique which is based on the coefficient of variation helps to estimate the aerosols retention over a geographical area without necessarily going through the complexities of formulating sectional equations to illustrate the physics of the atmosphere. The system of aerosol retention over Serekunda suggests that air pollution should be taken more seriously to avoid natural disasters in the nearest future. It was discovered that the 'self-cleansing' cycle over Serekunda is four years. The year with a fairly high aerosols retention and correlation was between 2006 & 2007 i.e. 36.82 and 0.61 respectively.
A study was conducted to examine the morphology and the elemental composition of the aerosol particles in order to better understand the aerosol release. Individual particles were determined using scanning electron mi...
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A study was conducted to examine the morphology and the elemental composition of the aerosol particles in order to better understand the aerosol release. Individual particles were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), image analysis (IM) and energy dispersive microanalysis (EDX). Elemental analysis of the aerosol collected by the quartz filters was performed using spark source mass spectrometry.
Laparoscopic surgery has been undermined throughout the COVID-19 pandemic by concerns that it may generate an infectious risk to the operating team through aerosolization of peritoneal particles. There is anyway a nee...
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Laparoscopic surgery has been undermined throughout the COVID-19 pandemic by concerns that it may generate an infectious risk to the operating team through aerosolization of peritoneal particles. There is anyway a need for increased awareness and understanding of the occupational hazard for surgical teams regarding unfiltered escape of pollutants generated by surgical smoke and other microbials. Here, the aerosol-generating nature of this access modality was confirmed through repeatable real-time methodology both qualitatively and quantitively to inform best practice and additional engineering solutions to optimize the operating room environment.
We applied the chemical transport model GEOS-Chem to examine the changes in aerosols and tropospheric O-3 in China from 2012-2017 and the associated radiative forcing and health impact. Simulated surface layer concent...
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We applied the chemical transport model GEOS-Chem to examine the changes in aerosols and tropospheric O-3 in China from 2012-2017 and the associated radiative forcing and health impact. Simulated surface layer concentrations and column burdens of aerosols and O-3 were evaluated by comparing with ground-based and satellite-retrieved measurements. Between 2012 and 2017, simulated annual mean concentrations of PM2.5 decreased by 21.0%, while O-3 increased by 11.9% over eastern China (20-45 degrees N, 105-122.5 degrees E). Changes in aerosols and O-3 over 2012-2017 jointly exerted a positive radiative forcing of 1.26 W/m(2) over eastern China, which was dominated by the less cooling from PM2.5 reductions (1.18 W/m(2)). The Global Exposure Mortality Model predicted 268.3 (247.3-291.6) thousand (9.6%) fewer deaths in eastern China in 2017 relative to 2012. These results suggest an appreciable health benefit and a potential warming as a consequence of clean air actions.
This work focuses on retrieval of continental aerosols using polarized radiance data acquired with POLDER on board the satellite ADEOS-1 from November 1996 to end of June 1997. Our idea comes from the fact that space-...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780370317
This work focuses on retrieval of continental aerosols using polarized radiance data acquired with POLDER on board the satellite ADEOS-1 from November 1996 to end of June 1997. Our idea comes from the fact that space-based polarized radiance is mainly due to scattering in the atmosphere, because polarized component of reflected light from land surface is diffusely reduced by reaching the top of atmosphere. In other word, polarization data observed by satellite involves strong signal on atmospheric particles. It is shown here POLDER-polarization data is available for aerosol study over land. Our algorithm for aerosol retrieval is based on the light scattering simulations for semi-Stokes vector in the earth atmosphere model. As a result, global map of aerosol characteristics over the ocean and land is obtained. The derived results are validated with ground based photopolarimetric data.
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