With the rapid development of large-scale and intensive swine production, the emission of aerosols from swine farms has become a growing concern, attracting extensive attention. While aerosols are found in various env...
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With the rapid development of large-scale and intensive swine production, the emission of aerosols from swine farms has become a growing concern, attracting extensive attention. While aerosols are found in various environments, those from swine farms are distinguished from human habitats, such as residential, suburban, and urban areas. In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of aerosols from swine farms, this paper reviewed relevant studies conducted between 2000 and 2022. The main components, concentrations, and size distribution of the aerosols were systematically reviewed. The differences between aerosols from swine farms and human living and working environments were compared. Finally, the sources, influencing factors, and reduction technologies for aerosols from swine farms were thoroughly elucidated. The results demonstrated that the concentrations of aerosols inside swine farms varied considerably, and most exceeded safety thresholds. However, further exploration is needed to fully understand the difference in airborne microorganism community structure and particles with small sizes (<1 & mu;m) between swine farms and human living and working environments. More airborne bacterial and viruses were adhered to large particles in swine houses, while the proportion of airborne fungi in the respirable fraction was similar to that of human living and working environments. In addition, swine farms have a higher abundance and diversity of potential pathogens, airborne resistant microorganisms and resistant genes compared to the human living and working environments. The aerosols of swine farms mainly originated from sources such as manure, feed, swine hair and skin, secondary production, and waste treatment. According to the source analysis and factors influencing aerosols in swine farms, various technologies could be employed to mitigate aerosol emissions, and some end-of-pipe technologies need to be further improved before they are widely applied. Swine farms
The Arctic Ocean is continuously warming, resulting in sea ice retreat, which significantly impacts the marine biogenic sulfur cycle. The formation of aerosols from DMS oxidation and their climatic effects in polar re...
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The Arctic Ocean is continuously warming, resulting in sea ice retreat, which significantly impacts the marine biogenic sulfur cycle. The formation of aerosols from DMS oxidation and their climatic effects in polar regions are of great concern. However, the impact of DMS chemistry on atmospheric aerosols in the high Arctic Ocean (AO) is still unclear due to the limitation of field observations and datasets. Gaseous methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and aerosol chemical species (MSA, SO42- and DMA, etc.) were determined simultaneously with a high time resolution (1 h) in the AO and Pacific Ocean (PO) to reveal the DMS chemistry in these regions. The particulate MSA concentration indicated significant spatial variation with a decreasing tendency from the low latitude oceans to high AO. Extremely low particulate MSA concentrations were observed in the high AO, with an average of only 7.42 +/- 6.6 ng.m(-3). In contrast, highest particulate MSA concentrations, with an average of 168.6 +/- 167.6 ng.m(-3) were observed in the mid-latitude regions (45 degrees-60 degrees N) in July. Sea salt aerosols were the most dominant source in the high Arctic Ocean, accounting for 88.78% of the total suspended particle mass, which was much larger than the values in the other regions. Low DMS chemistry was determined based on the low DMS emissions in the high latitude (HL, 75 degrees-85 degrees N) region. These results highlight the contribution of DMS chemistry to atmospheric aerosols and extend the knowledge of how biogenic aerosols impact the regional atmosphere in the high AO.
The process of the gas phase treatment to remove CsOH and Cs2MoO4 radioactive aerosols labeled with cesium-137 (hereinafter, (CsOH)-Cs-137 and (Cs2MoO4)-Cs-137) was studied using a setup containing elements of a subme...
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The process of the gas phase treatment to remove CsOH and Cs2MoO4 radioactive aerosols labeled with cesium-137 (hereinafter, (CsOH)-Cs-137 and (Cs2MoO4)-Cs-137) was studied using a setup containing elements of a submerged bed scrubber and a spiral filtering element. Water, basalt wool with a fiber diameter of 2.0 mu m, perlite, and a mixture of perlite with Ca(OH)(2) were used as the submerged bed. With this setup, it is possible to remove more than 99% of (CsOH)-Cs-137 and (Cs2MoO4)-Cs-137 radioactive aerosols removed from the gas flow.
Aerosol is one of the main forms of fission products in nuclear reactor accidents, which are derived from direct leakage of solid fission products and homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation of gaseous fission produc...
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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) compounds are ubiquitous in ambient air due to their persistence, carcino-genicity, and mutagenicity. Gangtok being one of the cleanest cities in India located in Eastern Himala...
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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) compounds are ubiquitous in ambient air due to their persistence, carcino-genicity, and mutagenicity. Gangtok being one of the cleanest cities in India located in Eastern Himalayan region, wit-nesses high developmental activities with enhanced urbanization affecting the ambient air quality. The present study aims to measure PM2.5 and PAHs in the ambient atmosphere of the Sikkim Himalaya to understand the influence of natural and anthropogenic activities on aerosol loading and their chemical characteristics. The PM2.5 samples were col-lected and analysed for the duration from Jan 2020 to Feb *** seasonal mean concentrations of PM2.5 and PAHs were observed to be high during autumn and low during summer season. Overall, the annual mean concentration of PM2.5 was found higher than the prescribed limit of World Health Organization and National Ambient Air Quality Standards. The concentration of the 16 individual PAHs were found to be highest during autumn season (55.26 +/- 37.15 ng/m3). Among the different PAHs, the annual mean concentration of fluorene (3.29 +/- 4.07 ng/m3) and naph-thalene (1.15 +/- 3.76 ng/m3) were found to be the highest and lowest, respectively. The Molecular Diagnostic Ratio (MDR) test reveals higher contribution from heavy traffic activities throughout the winter and autumn seasons. The other possible sources identified over the region are fossil fuel combustion, and biomass burning. The multivariate sta-tistical analysis (Multifactor Principal Component Analysis) also indicates a strong association between PM2.5 /PAHs and meteorological variables across the region in different seasons. The precipitation and wind pattern during the study period suggests that major contribution of the PM2.5 and PAHs were from local sources, with minimal contribu-tion from long-range transport. The findings are important for comprehending the trends of PAH accumulation over a high-altitude urban area, and for developing s
To provide insights into the cause of e-cigarette (e-cig) associated lung injury, we examined the effects of propylene glycol (PG) and glycerol (G), two common solvent carriers used to deliver nicotine/flavor, on mark...
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To provide insights into the cause of e-cigarette (e-cig) associated lung injury, we examined the effects of propylene glycol (PG) and glycerol (G), two common solvent carriers used to deliver nicotine/flavor, on markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in female B6C3F1 mice which had been used successfully in tobacco smoke (TS)-induced lung carcinogenesis. Mice exposed to air and TS were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Using LC-MS/MS, we showed that PG/G alone, in the absence of nicotine, significantly increased the levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG or its tautomer 8oxodG), a biomarker of DNA oxidative damage, in lung and plasma of mice;moreover, addition of nicotine (12 and 24 mg/mL) in e-cig liquid appears to suppress the levels of 8-oxodG. Exposure to e-cig aerosols or TS induced nonsignificant increases of plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker of inflammation;nonetheless, the levels of fibronectin (FN), a biomarker of tissue injury, were significantly increased by e-cig aerosols or TS. Although preliminary, our data showed that exposure to e-cig aerosols induced a higher score of lung injury than did control air or TS exposure. Our results indicate that the B6C3F1 mouse model may be suitable for an in-depth examination of the impact of e-cig on lung injury associated with oxidative stress and inflammation and this study adds to the growing evidence that the use of e-cig can lead to lung damage.
Virus particles that spread via aerosols are a serious health hazard especially for indoor environments. Source control (masks), distancing and ventilation are known to reduce the infection risks, but depending on the...
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Field experiments measuring the volatility of e-cig generated aerosols using a deep learning-enabled portable holographic microscope were conducted in a vape shop, showing a link between e-cig usage and the volatility...
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A digital cell culture platform is presented as a tool for evaluating the distribution of virus within respiratory aerosols. Aerosol particles are directly collected into an oil phase to generate a stable emulsion tha...
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aerosols are essential climate variables that need to be observed at a global scale to monitor the evolution of the atmospheric composition and potential climate impacts. We used the measurements performed over the Ma...
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aerosols are essential climate variables that need to be observed at a global scale to monitor the evolution of the atmospheric composition and potential climate impacts. We used the measurements performed over the May 2007-December 2019 period by a ground-based sun photometer installed at the island of La Reunion (21 degrees S, 55 degrees E), together with a linear regression fitting model, to assess the climatology and types of aerosols reaching this observation site located in a sparsely documented pristine area, and the forcings responsible for the variability of the observed aerosol optical depth (AOD) and related trend. The climatology of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 440 nm (AOD(440)) and angstrom ngstrom exponent between 500 and 870 nm (alpha) revealed that sea salts could be considered as the La Reunion AOD(440) and alpha baselines (0.06 +/- 0.03 and 0.61 +/- 0.40, respectively, from December to August), which were mainly modulated by biomass burning (BB) plumes passing over La Reunion (causing a doubling of AOD(440) and alpha up to 0.13 +/- 0.07 and 1.06 +/- 0.34, respectively, in October). This was confirmed by the retrieved aerosol volume size distributions showing that the coarse-mode (fine-mode) dominated the total volume concentration for AOD(440) lower (higher) than 0.2 with a mean radius equal to 3 mu m (0.15 mu m). The main contribution to the AOD(440) variability over La Reunion was evaluated to be the BB activity (67.4 +/- 28.1%), followed by marine aerosols (16.3 +/- 4.2%) and large-scale atmospheric structures (5.5 +/- 1.7%). The calculated trend for AOD(440) equaled 0.02 +/- 0.01 per decade (2.6 +/- 1.3% per year). These results provide a scientific reference base for upcoming studies dedicated to the quantification of the impact of wildfire emissions on the southwestern Indian Ocean's atmospheric composition and radiative balance.
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