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aerosols in Northern Morocco: Input pathways and their chemical fingerprint

ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 2018年 174卷 140-147页

作者： Benchrif, A. Guinot, B. Bounakhla, M. Cachier, H. Damnati, B. Baghdad, B. Ctr Natl Energie Sci & Tech Nucl Rabat Morocco Univ Toulouse CNRS Lab Aerol UPS Toulouse France Lab Sci Climat & Environm Gif Sur Yvette France Fac Sci & Technol Tanger Morocco Inst Agron & Vet Rabat Morocco

The Mediterranean basin is one of the most sensitive regions in the world regarding climate change and air quality. Deserts and marine aerosols combine with combustion aerosols from maritime traffic, large urban centers, and at a larger scale from populated industrialized regions in Europe. From Tetouan city located in the North of Morocco, we attempted to better figure out the main aerosol transport pathways and their respective aerosol load and chemical profile by examining air mass back trajectory patterns and aerosol chemical compositions from May 2011 to April 2012. The back trajectory analysis throughout the sampling period led to four clusters, for which meteorological conditions and aerosol chemical characteristics have been investigated. The most frequent cluster (CL3: 39%) corresponds to polluted air masses coming from the Mediterranean Basin, characterized by urban and marine vessels emissions out of Spain and of Northern Africa. Two other polluted clusters were characterized. One is of local origin (CL1: 22%), with a marked contribution from urban aerosols (Rabat, Casablanca) and from biomass burning aerosols. The second (CL2: 32%) defines air masses from the near Atlantic Ocean, affected by pollutants emitted from the Iberian coast. A fourth cluster (CL4: 7%) is characterized by rather clean, fast and rainy oceanic air masses, influenced during their last 24 h before reaching Tetouan by similar sources with those affecting CL2, but to a lesser extent. The chemical data show that carbonaceous species are found in the fine aerosols fraction and are generally from local primary sources (low OC/EC) rather than long-range transported. In addition to fresh traffic and maritime vessel aerosols, our results suggest the contribution of local biomass burning.

关键词： aerosols PM2.5 Western Mediterranean Basin Chemical composition Back trajectory clustering Maritime traffic

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Chemical characterization of water-soluble species in PM2.5 aerosols in Beijing, China

Chemical characterization of water-soluble species in PM2.5 ...

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2019 International Conference on Meteorology Observations, ICMO 2019

作者： Fang, Dongqing Huang, Wei Zhang, Yuanxun Jin, Junli Zhou, Qing Meteorological Observation Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing China Environmental Reference Materials Ministry of Environmental Protection Beijing China China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728162546

In recent years, Beijing has been long suffered from heavy air pollution with markedly high concentrations of fine particles (the aerodynamic diameter of particles ≤ 2.5 2.5) in the atmosphere. The chemical species of particles are key indicators for sources apportionment, which are complicated and still not understood in details. To characterize the PM2.5 and chemical compositions in Beijing, daily samples of PM2.5 were collected in January (winter), April (spring), July (summer) and October (autumn) in 2014. The gravimetric mass and water soluble ions including five anions (SO42, NO3-, Cl-) and three cations (K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, NH4+) were analyzed. The annual mean PM2.5 mass concentration was 105.9 ± 42.9 μg m-3 in 2014. The concentration was the highest (164.5 ± 115.5 ±g m -3) in autumn, which was 1.5, 2.3 and 2.2 times higher than those in spring, summer and winter, respectively. And the water-soluble ions were the major components of fine particles, which accounted for 48.1 ± 12.5% of annual mean total particulate mass. The estimated result of ion balance showed the aerosol was acidic in haze days during sampling period. Secondary inorganic aerosol were the dominant parts, contributing 85.0%, 87.5%, 95.3% and 93.2% to the total measured ions in winter, spring, summer and autumn, respectively. Sulfate had the highest concentration in autumn, while the lowest concentration was in spring. The concentrations of nitrate and ammonium also were highest in autumn, which had the lowest concentration in summer. Additionally, the highest concentration of K+ was the result of the large-scale straw burning events in autumn in current study. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： aerosols

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Observing Urban aerosols Using Co-Located NO2 Enhancement from TROPOMI

Observing Urban Aerosols Using Co-Located NO2 Enhancement fr...

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IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS)

作者： Fang-Qing Jiang Zhao-Cheng Zeng Chengdu University of Information Technology California Institute of Technology

ISBN: (数字)9781728163741

ISBN: (纸本)9781728163758

This study uses observations of NO 2 and aerosol index (AI) from tropospheric monitoring instrument (TROPOMI) in China to study the feasibility of using NO 2 as a tracer to track the urban emission of air pollutants. Urban aerosol emissions are difficult to track due to its mixing with background. Nitrogen dioxide gas is an important urban emissions from human activities, and an effective indicator of emissions sources, because it is short-lived and chemically decayed rapidly away from its sources. In view of the fact that nitrogen dioxide and aerosol are mainly emitted simultaneously in cities, the spatial distribution map of nitrogen dioxide concentration can be used to monitor the urban aerosol emission trajectory caused by atmospheric transport. In this study, we selected two cities (Shijiazhuang, Baotou) in China, and used observation data from the high spatial resolution TROPOMI satellite to compare the spatial distribution of NO 2 concentration and AI. First, the enhancement of NO 2 concentration is used to identify urban plumes, and then these plumes are analyzed to indicate the optical characteristics of aerosols. The results show that the concentration of NO 2 as a tracer can be a good indicator of the spatial distribution of urban aerosol emissions.

关键词： aerosols Urban areas Artificial intelligence Graphical models Distribution functions Indexes Nitrogen

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Rapid Inactivation of Virus aerosols by Dielectric Barrier Discharge in Air at Atmospheric Pressure

Rapid Inactivation of Virus Aerosols by Dielectric Barrier D...

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IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)

作者： Gaurav Nayak Austin Andrews Ian Marabella Bernard Olson Peter Bruggeman Hamada Aboubakr Sagar Goyal Montserrat Torremorell University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728153087

The transmission of infectious airborne diseases and related outbreaks is rapidly evolving and is of growing global concern as recently illustrated by the dramatic spread of COVID-19. Non-equilibrium plasma can be a novel and highly effective mitigation technology for combating aerosolized virus. Here, we report on the successful inactivation of aerosolized porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus using a volume dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor. The experiments were carried out in a laboratory scale single pass wind tunnel at a volumetric airflow rate of ∼ 110 liters per minute. The aerosolized virus particles were sampled both upstream and downstream of the plasma reactor, where the virus aerosols were directly exposed to the highly reactive short-lived species, such as OH radicals and singlet oxygen, for a short particle residence time of 15 milliseconds. 1

关键词： COVID-19 Wind tunnels Conferences aerosols Discharges (electric) Coronaviruses Plasmas

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aerosols in the Near-Water Surface Layer of the Caspian Sea

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DOKLADY EARTH SCIENCES 2018年第2期478卷 268-273页

作者： Lisitzin, A. P. Lukashin, V. N. Novigatsky, A. N. Klyuvitkin, A. A. Dara, O. M. Politova, N. V. Russian Acad Sci Shirshov Inst Oceanol Moscow 117218 Russia

The first data on the concentrations, fluxes, and mineral and chemical compositions of aerosols from the near-water surface layer of the Caspian Sea are presented. It is shown that the aerosol fluxes onto the sea surface are comparable to the fluxes of a lithogenic substance in a water column. The mineral and chemical compositions of aerosols depend on the carrying air masses that pass through different regions. The coefficients of enrichment of aerosols with chemical elements relative to the upper lithosphere and their correlation relationships are studied.

关键词： aerosols Water column Chemical elements Air masses Sea surface Chemical composition Lithosphere Coefficients Surface layers Fluxes Correlation analysis

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Investigation of Ozone and Hydrogen Peroxide Transport into Water aerosols and Bulk Liquid

Investigation of Ozone and Hydrogen Peroxide Transport into ...

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IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)

作者： Mostafa Elsayed Hassan Mário Janda Zdenko Machala Faculty of Mathematics Physics and Informatics Comenius University Bratislava Slovakia

ISBN: (纸本)9781728153087

Atmospheric air plasmas generated in contact with water create reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS, e.g. 03, OH radicals, H 2 O 2 , NO, and NO 2 ) that transport into the water and make acidic solutions called plasma-activated water, which are effective in killing and inactivation of bacteria or induction of other effects in biomedical applications 1 . The transport rate of various RONS from the plasma into the water is determined by their Henry's law solubility coefficient and plasma-water interface area 2 . In our work, a large interface area is produced by water electrospray (ES) to fine aerosol droplets. As air plasma generates a broad spectrum of species, we analyzed each species for a single-species transport study individually. The reactor was filled with ozone-rich air using the 03 generator up to ∼700 ppm and H 2 O 2 vapor up to 120 ppm using a bubbling method, in addition to 03 and H 2 O 2 formed by the positive corona discharge plasma in contact with water. The colorimetric detection method was used in the aqueous phase (water ES/aerosol and bulk liquid) where O 3 was analyzed by indigo blue assay, while H 2 O 2 by TiOSO 4 reagent measured by UV/VIS absorption spectroscopy. For the gas phase analysis, electrochemical gas sensors type “Membrapor” were used. Then we calculated the loss of O 3 / H 2 O 2 concentration in the gas phase, which dissolved into that water at several applied voltages and water flow rates.

关键词： Spectroscopy Phase measurement Microorganisms Liquids aerosols Plasma measurements Plasmas

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Snow Albedo Reduction in Central Andes by Atmospheric aerosols: Case Study on the Tunuyán Basin (Argentina)

Snow Albedo Reduction in Central Andes by Atmospheric Aeroso...

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Remote Sensing Conference (LAGIRS), IEEE Latin American GRSS & ISPRS

作者： S. E. Puliafito T. Bolaño Ortiz R. Pascual A. Lopez-Noreña L. Berná Universidad Tecnológica Nacional/CONICET Mendoza Argentina Universidad Tecnológica Nacional/ANPCyT Mendoza Argentina

ISBN: (数字)9781728143507

Changes in snow albedo (SA) on several basins of the central Andes of Argentina are associated with the possible deposition of light-absorbing particles (LAP) in the austral spring. To demonstrate this possibility, we correlate SA with daily data of snow cover (SC), aerosol optical depth (AOD) and land surface temperature (LST) available from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board NASA Terra satellite during 2000-2016, and other derived parameters such as days after albedo (DAS) and snow precipitation (SP) from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). We used satellite pixels with 100% snow cover to obtain monthly average value of SA, LST, AOD, DAS and SP performing multiple regression analysis. Further, we analysed biomass burning emissions in northem Argentina using MODIS products MCD64 collection C6 as possible source for snow pollution. Aerosol deposition and trajectories were analysed using WRF-Chem atmospheric numerical prediction model, with inventories of regional anthropogenic emissions of own elaboration (lat. 0.025°x long. 0.025°) and the estimation of open burning emissions from the FINN global inventory (Fire INventory from NCAR).

关键词： Snow aerosols Satellites Land surface temperature Predictive models MODIS Land surface

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Characterization of Biomass Burning aerosols During the 2019 Fire Event: Singapore and Kuching Cities

Characterization of Biomass Burning Aerosols During the 2019...

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IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS)

作者： Santo V. Salinas Tan Li Srikanth Madala Liew Soo Chin Centre for Remote Imaging Sensing and Processing National University of Singapore

ISBN: (数字)9781728163741

ISBN: (纸本)9781728163758

A large-scale episode of biomass burning was observed during the months of August to October 2019. Satellite and in-situ observations reported scores of fires over the regions of central Sumatra and southern Kalimantan of Indonesia. Prevailing meteorological conditions contributed to long range transport of these aerosol particles and they were observed over several cities in Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore. In this work, we report in-situ observations at two AERONET sites located in Singapore and Kuching (Sarawak, East Malaysia) complemented by satellite imagery (MODIS) over the above mentioned regions.

关键词： aerosols Urban areas MODIS Optical variables measurement Biomedical optical imaging Biomass Optical sensors

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Estimation of Directional Surface Reflectance and Atmospheric aerosols Over East Asia Using a Multi-Channel Geostationary Satellite

Estimation of Directional Surface Reflectance and Atmospheri...

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IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS)

作者： Kwon-Ho Lee Jung-Moon Yoo Man-Sing Wong Gangneung-Woniu National University(GWNU) Ganengeung Rep. of Korea Ewha Womans University Seoul Rep. of Korea Hong Kong Polytech University(HKPU) Hum Hong Hong Kong

ISBN: (数字)9781728163741

ISBN: (纸本)9781728163758

Earth-observing data from the recent geostationary orbit satellites can be useful to retrieve the surface reflectance as well as aerosol properties including aerosol optical thickness (AOT). Implementing the algorithm to determine the geometry dependent surface reflectance based on the atmospheric correction with pre-defined atmospheric transmission function is an effective way to determine AOT. This study presents framework to integrate surface reflectance and aerosol retrieval processes by combining with the atmospheric correction, minimum reflection composite, and look-up table (LUT) application for the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) onboard Himawari-8 data. We discuss the algorithm's performance by applying test period datasets including a clear sky as well as anomalously high AOT values during the air pollution events. We also described results from a comparison with the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) operational products. Continuous observation data were used to derive surface reflectance at a given time and this geometry dependent surface reflectance were successfully applied to aerosol retrieval process. There were good agreements between retrieved AOT with sunphotometer-derived and MODIS AOTs, with a linear correlation coefficient (r) of 0.78~0.83 and mean bias of 0.07. These results suggest that the proposed method applied to the AHI data can accurately estimate continuous surface and aerosol properties. Moreover, aerosol retrieval results from the geostationary satellite are promising for monitoring air quality with its enhanced spatial and temporal resolution.

关键词： aerosols Reflectivity Land surface MODIS Sea surface Remote sensing Reflection

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Detecting Layer Height of Smoke and Dust aerosols Over Vegetated Land and Water Surfaces via Oxygen Absorption Bands

Detecting Layer Height of Smoke and Dust Aerosols Over Veget...

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IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS)

作者： Jing Zeng Xiaoguang Xu Jun Wang Yi Wang Xi Chen Zhendong Lu Omar Torres Jeffrey S. Reid Steven D. Miller Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research Informatics Initiative The University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa USA Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore Maryland USA Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland USA Marine Meteorology Division Naval Research Laboratory Monterey California USA Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA

ISBN: (数字)9781728163741

ISBN: (纸本)9781728163758

We present an algorithm for retrieving aerosol layer height (ALH) and aerosol optical depth (AOD) for smoke and dust over vegetated land and water surfaces from measurements of the Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) onboard the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR). Our algorithm uses EPIC atmospheric window bands to determine AOD and then takes advantage of oxygen A and B bands to derive ALH. We applied this algorithm on several dust and smoke events. Validation shows our results are of high accuracy.

关键词： aerosols Land surface Sea surface Reflectivity Meteorology Clouds Atmospheric modeling

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