Our contribution shows a compact sensor system - based on Raman spectroscopy - that is capable of measuring important properties of particle aerosols, like polymorphic modifications and temperature instantly and in si...
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The oxidative potential of size-segregated particulate matter (PM) samples collected inside and outside of an unoccupied apartment unit was measured based on a dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. The indoor PM mass was concen...
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This study was designed to determine the amount of exhaled aerosol that is released into the environment when a patient undergoes aerosol therapy. The emitted aerosol concentration was measured with two Aerodynamic Pa...
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According to the data of the AERONET Ussuriysk site for 2004-2017 and modeling of 10-days backward trajectories of air particle using the NOAA HYSPLIT-4 trajectory model, the potential sources of four fractions of aer...
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In this study we quantified the error due to scatter of a low-cost real-time particle monitor (Dylos DC1100) by examining the distribution of residuals between the monitor's estimated PM2.5 concentration and the c...
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Spacecraft cabin air quality is of fundamental importance to crew health, with concerns encompassing both gaseous contaminants and airborne particles. Quantification of spacecraft indoor aerosols will increase our und...
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Spacecraft cabin air quality is of fundamental importance to crew health, with concerns encompassing both gaseous contaminants and airborne particles. Quantification of spacecraft indoor aerosols will increase our understanding of crew exposure and cabin cleanliness. aerosols on the International Space Station (ISS) have been sampled and brought back to Earth for analysis to characterize the airborne particulate matter in the cabin. Microscopic analyses have been performed to determine morphology and particle size information, and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) provides information on the chemical elements present in the particles. With the use of IntelliSEM software for computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM), this data provides particle size distribution information and statistics on particle materials. Many of the particles collected were made up of multiple elements and had uncommon morphologies compared to typical indoor aerosols on Earth. These characteristics are thought to be from unique formation mechanisms in the microgravity environment. Several notable particle types are examined further in this work. Bromine-containing particles and cadmium-containing particles are discussed as they constitute a health hazard to crew members. Humans in indoor living and working spaces are typically the single largest particle emission source, and this was observed in the sampled aerosols in ISS as well.
In this study, the regional-scale aerosol effects are quantitatively assessed under various weather conditions by conducting numerical modeling studies to improve the understanding of physical processes involved in ae...
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In this study, the regional-scale aerosol effects are quantitatively assessed under various weather conditions by conducting numerical modeling studies to improve the understanding of physical processes involved in aerosol-cloud and aerosol-radiation interactions. A continental cloud complex consisting of three cloud regimes is simulated by the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model to investigate the aerosol microphysical effect (AME) and aerosol radiative effect (ARE). The results reveal that the responses of three cloud regimes to aerosols are jointly controlled by AME and ARE. The aerosol effects on the cloud complex are distinct from its individual cloud regime, highlighting that aerosol-cloud interactions for diverse cloud regimes and their transitions need to be carefully evaluated. The increasingly severe regional haze in China is associated with a high ratio of oxygenated organic aerosol over odd-oxygen concentrations during clean-to-hazy transition periods, corresponding to intensive photochemical activities in Beijing. Modeling studies using WRF with an aerosol radiative module indicate that the aerosol-planetary boundary layer interactions during severe haze might trigger a positive feedback loop to amplify PM pollution. The small negative forcing at top of atmosphere (TOA) by the heavy loading PM is a result of the strong cooling largely canceled out by the strong heating. The aging of black carbon can contribute significantly to the total PBL collapse and the total BC TOA forcing. The impacts of aerosols on a hurricane with ocean coupling is studied by using the WRF coupled with Regional Ocean Model System. The aerosol effect causes an expansion of storm circulation at the cost of the intensity. The aerosol-induced feedback of ocean coupling shows an appreciable influence on the mature storm. The storm destructiveness tends to be exacerbated by the aerosol effect due to the circulation expansion and corresponding structure modulations under polluted
Sustainability is an increasingly important topic in the design and manufacture of materials, with the need to reduce the environmental impact of producing materials being of paramount significance. A competing intere...
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Sustainability is an increasingly important topic in the design and manufacture of materials, with the need to reduce the environmental impact of producing materials being of paramount significance. A competing interest to this is the ability to produce functional materials in large volumes from a fast, on-line process, which can be integrated easily into existing industrial setups. Herein, we present aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) routes to advanced functional materials. We will show that by careful design of precursors and manipulation of deposition conditions, it is possible to achieve high sustainability whilst maintaining fast growth rates and large scale production of thin film functional materials.
The hydroxyl radical (OH), along with the closely coupled species the hydroperoxyl radical (HO2), have a profound effect on the concentration and distribution of most trace atmospheric species associated with climate ...
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The hydroxyl radical (OH), along with the closely coupled species the hydroperoxyl radical (HO2), have a profound effect on the concentration and distribution of most trace atmospheric species associated with climate change and poor air quality as they are essential to the daytime oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere. Tropospheric and mesospheric models that only consider gas-phase chemistry often over predict concentrations of HO2 indicating that heterogeneous reactions with aerosols could be a possible sink. In order to investigate the kinetics of such reactions, the HO2 uptake coefficient (γ(HO2), i. e. the probability that HO2 will collide and react within or on the surface of an aerosol) has been measured onto a variety of aerosols applicable to the troposphere, stratosphere and mesosphere using an aerosol flow tube experiment coupled to a highly sensitive HO2 detector, known as Fluorescence Assay by Gas Expansion (FAGE), and a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS). Deliquesced inorganic aerosols containing transition metal ions (TMI) have been shown to react rapidly with HO2. Measurements of γ(HO2) onto deliquesced inorganic aerosols doped with different concentrations of Cu(II), Fe(II), Mn(II), mixtures of Cu(II) and Fe(II) and I- are presented within this work. HO2 uptake onto deliquesced inorganic aerosols doped with transition metal ions may not be as significant as previously thought. The Thornton expression, used in global modelling studies of HO2 uptake, can predict γ(HO2) at a relative humidity (RH) of 65%, however at a RH of 43%, near the efflorescence point ((NH4)2SO4 = 37%), good agreement was only observed at higher concentrations of Cu(II) and Fe(II) (> 0.1 M) possibly indicating that HO2 solubility decreases as HO2 diffuses further into the bulk of the aerosol. It was expected that as deliquesced NaCl aerosols have a higher pH (7) that most HO2 accommodated within the aerosols will dissociated to the more reactive species O2-. This should resul
The results of investigations of the levels of evolution, chemical composition and cytotoxicity of harmful substances evolved during welding by chromium-nickel high-alloy electrodes are presented in order to improve t...
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