With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,an international collaborative study led by *** Rosenfeld(The Hebrew University of Jerusalem),*** YanNian(Meteorological Institute of Shaanxi Provin...
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With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,an international collaborative study led by *** Rosenfeld(The Hebrew University of Jerusalem),*** YanNian(Meteorological Institute of Shaanxi Province).*** MingHuai(Nanjing University).
The effect of aerosols loading most often results in aerosols retention in the atmosphere. Aside the health hazards of aerosol retention, its effect on climate change are visible. In this research, it was proposed tha...
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The effect of aerosols loading most often results in aerosols retention in the atmosphere. Aside the health hazards of aerosol retention, its effect on climate change are visible. In this research, it was proposed that the effect of aerosol retention also affects rain pattern. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) layer 3 observations and the multi-imaging spectro-reflectometer (MISR) was used for the study. The aerosols loading over were investigated using sixteen years satellite observation in Monrovia- Liberia. Its effect on the rain rate over the region was documented. The results show that aerosol loading over the region is high and may have effect on farming in the nearest future. It was affirmed that the scanty AOD data was as a result of the rain rate that is higher within May and October.
Airborne transmission of infectious organisms is a major public health concern, particularly within healthcare and communal public environments. Methods of environmental decontamination utilising pulsed ultraviolet (U...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509057481
Airborne transmission of infectious organisms is a major public health concern, particularly within healthcare and communal public environments. Methods of environmental decontamination utilising pulsed ultraviolet (UV) light are currently available, however it is important that germicidal efficacy against airborne contamination is established. In this study bacterial aerosols were generated and exposed to short duration pulses (similar to 20 mu s) of UV-rich light emitted from a xenon-filled flashlamp. The lamp was operated using a 1 kV solid state pulsed power source, with a pulse frequency of 1 Hz, and output energy of 20 J/pulse. Post-treatment, air samples were extracted from the chamber and the surviving fraction was enumerated using standard microbiological culture methods. Results demonstrate successful aerosol inactivation, with a 92.1% reduction achieved with only 5 pulses of UV-rich light (P=<0.0002). Inactivation using continuous UV light was also investigated in order to quantify the comparative efficacy of these antimicrobial light sources. Overall, results provide evidence of the comparative efficacy of pulsed and continuous UV light for inactivation of airborne bacterial contamination. For practical application, given the safety restrictions limiting its application for decontamination of unoccupied environments, or within sealed enclosures such as air handling units, the reduced treatment times with PUV provides significant operational advantages over continuous light treatment.
Ozone in the lower planetary boundary layer of the earth atmosphere is dangerous to people and vegetation, since it oxidizes natural tissue. The diminished in visibility is because of dispersing of sun based radiation...
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Ozone in the lower planetary boundary layer of the earth atmosphere is dangerous to people and vegetation, since it oxidizes natural tissue. The diminished in visibility is because of dispersing of sun based radiation by high convergences of anthropogenic aerosols. Visibility impairment is most prominent at high relative mugginess when the aerosols swell by the takeup of water to expand the cross sectional area for dispersing;this is the wonder known as haze. Haze has become a major air pollution challenge the aviation industry has to cope with in recent time. In this review, two major problems were spotted to be responsible for air disaster in any region of the world. While some developed countries had almost resolved the challenge of visibility impairment by seeking relevant solutions, most developing countries do not have a recovery plan. Therefore, the resolution of this major challenge may be the leverage for most developing nations to draw out a recovery plan.
As fog and haze phenomenon appears frequently in recent years, the attenuation effects of aerosols on laser beam have drawn a lot of attention;however, the background sky radiance induced by aerosols at optical ground...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509038237;9781509038220
As fog and haze phenomenon appears frequently in recent years, the attenuation effects of aerosols on laser beam have drawn a lot of attention;however, the background sky radiance induced by aerosols at optical ground station receivers is not fully studied, especially in the case of space diversity reception. Choosing Kunming and Wuhan as locations of the optical ground stations, the atmospheric aerosol effects on satellite-ground optical communication links, including attenuation and background scattering, are analyzed. Results show that Kunming station almost unaffected by aerosols, while Wuhan station suffers a lot as a result of lower altitude. Because of aerosol scattering, 3 d B attenuation is limited in zenith angle 0°0° at Wuhan station and sky radiance is almost 8 times of that of clear sky. The work is in support to satellite-ground optical communication link design and ground station location selection.
Aerosol samples were collected at altitudes from 584 m *** 3,804 m *** seven sites of the eastern *** occurrence,distribution,and possible sources of 47 trace metals—including alkali metals and alkali earth metals,tr...
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Aerosol samples were collected at altitudes from 584 m *** 3,804 m *** seven sites of the eastern *** occurrence,distribution,and possible sources of 47 trace metals—including alkali metals and alkali earth metals,transition metals,lanthanoids,and heavy metals—were *** was found that four sampling sites(Shuinichang,1,691 m a.s.l.;Urumqi City,809 m a.s.l.;Fu Kang Station,584 m a.s.l.;and Bogeda Glacier No.4,3,613 m a.s.l.)were contaminated mainly by heavy *** three high-altitude sites(Urumqi Glacier No.1,3,804 m a.s.l.;Wang Feng road-maintenance station,3,039 m a.s.l.;and Tianshan Glaciology Station,2,135 m a.s.l.)were not *** aerosol particles were clustered into two dominant types:crust-originated particles and pollution-derived *** from UG1,WF,and TGS were characterized by crust-originated particles such as clay,plagioclase,dolomite,alkali feldspar,and biotite;while those from SNC,Urumqi,FK,and BG4 were characterized by high content of Cl-rich particles,S-rich particles,and *** backward-trajectories results indicated that air masses arriving at SNC,Urumqi,FK,and BG4 were identified as the more polluted source,when compared to the short-range air mass transport from the North to UGI and *** lower altitude,as well as terrain blocking,might be another important reason for the gradient difference in pollution influence among these seven places in the Urumqi River Basin.
Vent emissions from industrial enterprises cause air pollution to a great extent. These emissions contain solid or liquid particles. it is necessary to install cleaning units for those particles. Existing methods of c...
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aerosols affect Earth’s energy level by scattering and absorbing radiation and by changing the properties of clouds. Such effects influence the precipitation patterns and lead to modifications of the global circulati...
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Aerosol-And propane bottles for consumers, including hairspray, lubricants, etc. were tested for exposure from fire. The tested bottles had a volume between 15- 400 ml of product mixed with propane and bottles with pr...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781510846746
Aerosol-And propane bottles for consumers, including hairspray, lubricants, etc. were tested for exposure from fire. The tested bottles had a volume between 15- 400 ml of product mixed with propane and bottles with propane only containing 0.35, 0.45, 5 and 6 kg of propane. The aerosol-And propane bottles were exposed to a heptane pool fire, corresponding to properties of common available flammable liquids for sale in stores. The experiments showed that the aerosol bottles exposed to fire exploded within a few minutes only and that this resulted in clouds of burning vapor as well as shrapnel affecting the vicinity. An experiment with several such aerosol bottles exposed to fire on a shelf in an enclosure, showed that unexploded aerosol bottles acted as projectiles when adjacent bottles exploded. Also, the explosion resulted in a high pressure, affecting building components. Experiments with propane bottles exposed to fire showed that such bottles release pressure in different ways, depending on their type and construction. During the experiments, the bottles released their pressure through a pressure valve or melting fuse within a few minutes only. During comparative experiments with propane bottles without safety devices, the bottles exploded within a few minutes only, resulting in large burning vapor clouds and shrapnel being thrown as far as approximately 80 m. Recommendations based on the experiments included suggestions on the maximum amount of combustible liquids which should be stored together with aerosol bottles. Recommendations were also given regarding the relevance of safety devices and securing propane bottles so that they can't move if safety devices activates when bottles are exposed to fire.
Analysis of the processes in severe accidents at nuclear power plants has allowed distinguishing four characteristic stages of the accident, which differ in condensation rates, concentration and composition of aerosol...
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