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Generic AAA Architecture for Geospatial Web Service Dissemination Based on Open-Source api gateway

JOURNAL OF GEOVISUALIZATION AND SPATIAL ANALYSIS 2024年第2期8卷 1-15页

作者： Naresh, N. Nitin, M. Aarathi, M. Kumar, P. Aravinda Rajshekar, S. S. Rao, S. Srinivasa Natl Remote Sensing Ctr Hyderabad Hyderabad India Space Applicat Ctr Ahmadabad India

Geospatial web services adhering to OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) and OSGeo (Open Source Geospatial Foundation) standards are widely used for distributing raster and vector geospatial data on the web. These standards ensure interoperability across various desktop and web GIS platforms, making geospatial web services increasingly accessible. However, the ease with which these services can be anonymously accessed and disseminated raises concerns about protecting them from unauthorized use, particularly when data providers intend to share sensitive information with specific individuals or groups. Consequently, there is a growing need for implementing AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accountability) measures to ensure secure and legitimate usage of geospatial web services. Traditional approaches for implementing AAA measures typically rely on Web Servers/Reverse Proxy Servers or open-source software like GeoServer, MapServer, and Mapnik. However, these approaches face limitations in supporting diverse AAA methods, which pose challenges in terms of implementation, usability, scalability, and resource intensity. Additionally, their dependence on geospatial web service generation and dissemination software adds significant complexity, particularly when services are distributed through various Map Servers or Web Servers. To address these constraints, this paper proposes a generic architecture that leverages state-of-the-art open-source api gateway technology. This architecture facilitates the implementation of widely adopted industry-standard AAA methods for WMS (Web Map Service) and TMS (Tile Map Service) standards. It represents a novel approach by operating independently from geospatial web service generation and dissemination software while effectively implementing AAA measures.

关键词： Web service security Authentication Authorization OGC/OSGeo web services Map Servers api gateway

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Implementing a PHP api gateway Based on Microservices Architecture 48

Implementing a PHP API Gateway Based on Microservices Archit...

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48th Annual IEEE International Computers, Software, and Applications Conference (COMPSAC) - Digital Development for a Better Future

作者： Lee, Wen-Tin Tsai, Ming-Kai Natl Kaohsiung Normal Univ Dept Software Engn & Management Kaohsiung Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350376975;9798350376968

Managing the complexity of microservices and ensuring that they work together effectively is a challenge. To effectively solve this problem, the api gateway design pattern was derived during implementation. This study proposed a high-performance PHP api gateway called Anser-gateway based on microservices architecture with event loop and coroutine mechanisms. Compared to existing solutions, our api gateway framework leverages the cooperative scheduling provided by the coroutines and event loop, making the overall framework more efficient in handling each request, resulting in high throughput performance.

关键词： Microservices architecture microservices api gateway event loop coroutine

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Mimicry api gateway Decision Algorithm Based on Trust Distribution

Mimicry API Gateway Decision Algorithm Based on Trust Distri...

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2022 International Conference on Algorithms, Network and Computer Technology, ICANCT 2022

作者： Pan, Yunfei Jia, Hongyong Liu, Wenhe Sun, He Xu, Mingyang Chen, Cen School of Cyber Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China State Grid Henan Electric Power Company Electric Power Research Institute Zhengzhou China

Aiming at the lack of dynamic and comprehensiveness of trust evaluation methods in current adjudication algorithms, an adjudication algorithm for mimic api gateway based on trust distribution is proposed. The algorithm comprehensively considers the direct and indirect trust relationships between equipment executives from the perspective of trust distribution, and on this basis introduces a dynamic penalty strategy, which greatly improves the dynamics and effectiveness of the algorithm. In addition, the algorithm is simulated and tested in the simulated api gateway environment, and the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has significantly improved the reliability and security of trust evaluation compared with the previous adjudication algorithms. © 2023 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： api gateway Credibility Distribution of trust Mimicry defense The ruling

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Microservice Availability Measurement By Performance Comparison of Load Balancing Algorithms In api gateway 6

Microservice Availability Measurement By Performance Compari...

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6th International Conference on Informatics, Multimedia, Cyber and Information System, ICIMCIS 2024

作者： Marcello, Melvin Widi Pradnyana, I Wayan Prabu, Hamonangan Kinantan Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta University Dept. Computer Science Jakarta Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331533243

As a result of the rapid development of information technology, making all activities carried out by humans cannot be separated from the reach of the internet, however, technological advances that make all access fast and high will affect the performance of a system, a system that has a large level of visits or usage and is not managed properly will cause problems and can result in low availability of the system which comes from the increasing number of excessive requests at the same time. In this research, a platform will be built using api gateway as middleware which also acts as a load balancer so as to improve the performance of the system to be created. Experimental results show that server performance using the least connection algorithm is more optimal than the round robin algorithm. Suggestions for further research are expected to compare with other load balancing methods such as chash or ewma, besides those researchers can also add the number of server machines used. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： api gateway Load Balancing Microservice

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Load Balancing Algorithm of api gateway Based on Microservice Architecture for a Smart City

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JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION 2024年第3期52卷 1663-1676页

作者： Cao, Xiaoming Zhang, Huabing Shi, Hongyu Yunsheng Sci & Technol Pk 11 Spectral Middle Rd Guangzhou 510700 Guangdong Peoples R China

As the entrance of the computer systems, the api gateway is an indispensable part of the microservice architecture. To realize the load balancing of api gateway, this paper studies the load balancing algorithm of the api gateway based on the microservice architecture. In doing this, we analyze the microservice architecture level from the data layer, the basic layer, and other levels, take the container cloud as the carrier of the microservice architecture, combine it with the client and api gateway, and design the api gateway based on the microservice architecture. We then judge whether the microservice identifier in the request source of the api gateway client is included in the api gateway routing table and determine the service cluster to which the microservice belongs according to the microservice identifier. After retrieving the qualified backend microservice container list according to the service cluster information, it adopts a load balancing algorithm based on dynamic weight, takes central processing unit (CPU) utilization and memory utilization as parameters to evaluate the resource load of micro servers, uses an extreme gradient lifting model to predict CPU utilization and memory utilization, calculates the weight of microservers based on the prediction results, selects the microserver with the highest weight value to make api gateway service requests, and initiates api gateway service calls to specific backend microservice containers, thereby completing the load balancing of the api gateway. The experimental results show that the average load balancing degree of the algorithm is about 95 %, the average network resource utilization rate is as high as 89 %, and the algorithm execution time is short.

关键词： microservice architecture api gateway load balancing container cloud dynamic weight gradient lifting model

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SecIngress:An api gateway Framework to Secure Cloud Applications Based on N-Variant System

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China Communications 2021年第8期18卷 17-34页

作者： Dacheng Zhou Hongchang Chen Guozhen Cheng Weizhen He Lingshu Li National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological R&D Center ZhengzhouHenan 450002China

Based on the diversified technology and the cross-validation mechanism,the N-variant system provides a secure service architecture for cloud providers to protect the cloud applications from attacks by executing multiple variants of a single software in parallel and then checking their behaviors’***,it is complex to upgrade current Software as a Service(SaaS)applications to adapt N-variant system *** arise from the inability of tenants to adjust the application architecture in the cloud environment,and the difficulty for cloud service providers to implement N-variant systems using existing api *** paper proposes SecIngress,an api gateway framework,to overcome the challenge that it is hard in the cloud environment to upgrade the applications based on N-variants *** design a two-stage timeout processing method to lessen the service latency and an Analytic Hierarchy Process Voting under the Metadata mechanism(AHPVM)to enhance voting *** implement a prototype in a testbed environment and analyze the security and performance metrics before and after deploying the prototype to show the effectiveness of *** results reveal that SecIngress enhances the reliability of cloud applications with acceptable performance degradation.

关键词： N-variant system api gateway cloud security analytic hierarchy process

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An api gateway design strategy optimized for persistence and coupling

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ADVANCES IN ENGINEERING SOFTWARE 2020年 148卷 102878-102878页

作者： Zuo, Xianyu Su, Yuehan Wang, Qianqian Xie, Yi Henan Univ Henan Key Lab Big Data Anal & Proc Kaifeng 475004 Peoples R China Henan Univ Sch Comp & Informat Engn Inst Data & Knowledge Engn Kaifeng 475004 Peoples R China Henan Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Geospatial Technol Middle & Lower Yellow Kaifeng 475004 Peoples R China

Microservices play a more and more important role in software development nowadays. Almost every programming language has its own microservices development framework. The characteristics of microservices make microservices have cross-platform compatibility issues and inconsistent call standards issues in the process of development and call microservices. The birth of api gateway alleviates these problems to some extent. For small and medium-sized enterprises using today's popular api gateways, it is difficult for them to get a balance between cost, performance and maintainability. This paper proposes a scheme to optimize the api gateway. Firstly, the framework of api gateway is optimized. Next, the coupling degree of api gateway is optimized by reducing the coupling degree of core services and extended functions. In this way, the optimized gateway can adapt to the plug-in mode, improve the user experience and reduce development costs. Then, the persistent design of the configuration information of the api gateway is carried out, and the read-write optimization is carried out so that the optimized api gateway not only has advantages in the configuration persistence, but also has further improved the I/O performance. Based on the optimized design, this paper implements a cross platform compatible api gateway. Then it compares the performance of two popular api gateway schemes through performance testing. The test results show that the optimized design of api gateway achieves a new balance among cost, performance and maintainability. At the end of this paper, the work of this paper is summarized, and the next work is projected.

关键词： api gateway Microservices RPC Coupling degree Persistence

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Software Versioning with Microservices through the api gateway Design Pattern 9

Software Versioning with Microservices through the API Gatew...

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9th International Conference on Advanced Computer Information Technologies (ACIT)

作者： Akbulut, Akhan Perros, Harry G. Istanbul Kultur Univ Dept Comp Engn TR-34158 Istanbul Turkey North Carolina State Univ Dept Comp Sci Raleigh NC 27606 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728104492

The microservices architecture is a relatively new approach in implementing service-oriented systems. This cloud- native architectural style enables the implementation of loosely coupled, agile, reuse-oriented, and lightweight services instead of monoliths. It also eliminates vendor and/or technology lock-ins. A modification to a small code segment for monoliths may require the building and deployment of a completely new version of the software. However, the modular form of microservices allows solving software versioning in a polyglot manner. In this paper, we extend the well-known microservice design pattern api gateway with a view to managing the virtual hardware configuration of containers. Specifically, using the proposed approach, the service capacity in the requested version of the service is orchestrated adaptively in compliance with a service-level agreement. In our tests, we found that the proposed version management approach reduced the hosting cost by 27% compared to static or rule-based scaling.

关键词： Microservices Software Versioning Version Management api gateway Design Pattern Container Sizing Scaling

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Microservice Security Agent Based On api gateway in Edge Computing

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SENSORS 2019年第22期19卷 4905页

作者： Xu, Rongxu Jin, Wenquan Kim, Dohyeun Jeju Natl Univ Dept Comp Engn Jeju 63243 South Korea Jeju Natl Univ Bigdata Res Ctr Jeju 63243 South Korea

Internet of Things (IoT) devices are embedded with software, electronics, and sensors, and feature connectivity with constrained resources. They require the edge computing paradigm, with modular characteristics relying on microservices, to provide an extensible and lightweight computing framework at the edge of the network. Edge computing can relieve the burden of centralized cloud computing by performing certain operations, such as data storage and task computation, at the edge of the network. Despite the benefits of edge computing, it can lead to many challenges in terms of security and privacy issues. Thus, services that protect privacy and secure data are essential functions in edge computing. For example, the end user's ownership and privacy information and control are separated, which can easily lead to data leakage, unauthorized data manipulation, and other data security concerns. Thus, the confidentiality and integrity of the data cannot be guaranteed and, so, more secure authentication and access mechanisms are required to ensure that the microservices are exposed only to authorized users. In this paper, we propose a microservice security agent to integrate the edge computing platform with the api gateway technology for presenting a secure authentication mechanism. The aim of this platform is to afford edge computing clients a practical application which provides user authentication and allows JSON Web Token (JWT)-based secure access to the services of edge computing. To integrate the edge computing platform with the api gateway, we implement a microservice security agent based on the open-source Kong in the EdgeX Foundry framework. Also to provide an easy-to-use approach with Kong, we implement REST apis for generating new consumers, registering services, configuring access controls. Finally, the usability of the proposed approach is demonstrated by evaluating the round trip time (RTT). The results demonstrate the efficiency of the system and its suitabili

关键词： Internet of Things edge computing api gateway microservice authentication

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An Auto Scaling System for api gateway Based on Kubernetes 9

An Auto Scaling System for API Gateway Based on Kubernetes

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9th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science (ICSESS)

作者： Song, Meina Zhang, Chengcheng Haihong, E. Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Comp Sci Beijing 100876 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538665657

The micro-service approach is a new term in software architecture patterns which is gaining popularity due to its flexibility, granular approach and loosely coupled services [I]. In this paper, first, we present an api gateway System as the entrance to backend services. It can effectively decrease the amount of remote calls between applications and backend services, and simplify the complexity of internal services caning each other. Secondly this paper designs an auto scaling system for api gateway System based on Kubernetes and Prometheus which can dynamically adj ust the number of applicatlen instances according to its own 10alL It can improve the utilization of system resources while ensuing the high availability and quality ofthe application's service.

关键词： Micro-service Auto Scaling api gateway Kubernetes

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