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To react, or not to react: Patterns of reaction to API deprecation

EMPIRICAL SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2019年第6期24卷 3824-3870页

作者： Sawant, Anand Ashok Robbes, Romain Bacchelli, Alberto Delft Univ Technol Software Engn Res Grp Delft Netherlands Free Univ Bozen Bolz Software & Syst Engn Res Grp Bozen Bolzano Italy Univ Zurich Dept Informat Zurich Switzerland

application programming interfaces (API) provide reusable functionality to aid developers in the development process. The features provided by these APIs might change over time as the API evolves. To allow API consumers to peacefully transition from older obsolete features to new features, API producers make use of the deprecation mechanism that allows them to indicate to the consumer that a feature should no longer be used. The Java language designers noticed that no one was taking these deprecation warnings seriously and continued using outdated features. Due to this, they decided to change the implementation of this feature in Java 9. We question as to what extent this issue exists and whether the Java language designers have a case. We start by identifying the various ways in which an API consumer can react to deprecation. Following this we benchmark the frequency of the reaction patterns by creating a dataset consisting of data mined from 50 API consumers totalling 297,254 GitHub based projects and 1,322,612,567 type-checked method invocations. We see that predominantly consumers do not react to deprecation and we try to explain this behavior by surveying API consumers and by analyzing if the API's deprecation policy has an impact on the consumers' decision to react.

关键词： Deprecation application programming interface API usage Java

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The emergence of the MPI message passing standard for parallel computing

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COMPUTER STANDARDS & interfaceS 1999年第1期21卷 51-62页

作者： Hempel, R Walker, DW NEC Europe Computat & Commun Res Labs D-53757 St Augustin Germany Univ Wales Coll Cardiff Dept Comp Sci Cardiff CF2 3XF S Glam Wales

MPI has been widely adopted as the message passing interface of choice in parallel computing environments. This paper examines how MPI grew out of the requirements of the scientific research community through a broad-based consultative process. The importance of MPI in providing a portable platform upon which to build higher level parallel software, such as numerical software libraries, is discussed. The development of MPI is contrasted with other similar standardization efforts, such as those of the Parallel Computing Forum and the HPF Forum. MPI is also compared with the Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) system. Some general lessons learned from the MPI specification process are presented. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： message passing interface (MPI) application programming interface high performance computing de facto standard high performance Fortran (HPF)

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Automated Mesh Deformation for Computer-Aided Design Models That Exhibit Boundary Topology Changes

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AIAA JOURNAL 2020年第9期58卷 4128-4141页

作者： Sun, Liang Yao, Weigang Robinson, Trevor T. Armstrong, Cecil G. Marques, Simao P. Queens Univ Belfast Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn Belfast BT7 1NN Antrim North Ireland Univ Surrey Dept Mech Sci Guildford GU2 7XH Surrey England Univ Ulster Coleraine Londonderry North Ireland De Montfort Univ Leicester Leics England

This paper describes an automated approach to deform an analysis mesh applied to a computer-aided design (CAD) model in response to a change in the shape of the CAD model. The process has been used to overcome a key issue that occurs during the shape optimization process. It is an advance over existing techniques because it works even when the boundary topology of the CAD model changes during the shape change, which other approaches cannot generally accommodate. To achieve the deformation, an analysis topology representation is created for each model, such that there is a one-to-one mapping between the analysis topology representing the models before and after the shape change. Strategies are presented to parameterize the superset entities in the analysis topology that have no global mathematical definition. The surface mesh is deformed in a way that allows the underlying surface/edge parameterizations to change, and it is shown how the domain mesh can be updated based on the surface mesh deformation. If the models before and after shape change have the same genus, then a small dimensional change in the shape of the model will result in meshes with the same topology, even if the topology of the underlying CAD representation has changed. This is highly desirable when evaluating sensitivities to a design change during an optimization.

关键词： Computer Aided Design Shape Optimization application programming interface Fuselages CFD Analysis Linear Elasticity Airfoil Profiles Wing Tip Finite Element Analysis Open Source Software

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Drift Detection for Black-Box Deep Learning Models

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IT PROFESSIONAL 2024年第2期26卷 24-31页

作者： Piano, Luca Garcea, Fabio Cavallone, Andrea Vazquez, Ignacio Aparicio Morra, Lia Lamberti, Fabrizio Polytech Univ Turin Dept Control & Comp Engn I-10129 Turin Italy Reale Mutua Assicurazioni Data Sci Ctr Excellence I-10122 Turin Italy Reale Seguros Data Sci Ctr Excellence Madrid 28002 Spain

Dataset drift is a common challenge in machine learning, especially for models trained on unstructured data, such as images. In this article, we propose a new approach for the detection of data drift in black-box models, which is based on Hellinger distance and feature extraction methods. The proposed approach is aimed at detecting data drift without knowing the architecture of the model to monitor, the dataset on which it was trained, or both. The article analyzes three different use cases to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, encompassing a variety of tasks including document segmentation, classification, and handwriting recognition. The use cases considered for the drift are adversarial assaults, domain shifts, and dataset biases. The experimental results show the efficacy of our drift detection approach in identifying changes in distribution under various training settings.

关键词： Training Degradation Computational Modeling Closed Box Training Data Computer Architecture Detection Algorithms Data Models Machine Learning Deep Learning Data Integrity Deep Learning Models Drift Detection Machine Learning Training Set Data Distribution Training Dataset Changes In Distribution Image Classification Domain Shift Model Architecture application programming interface Inference Time Unstructured Data Artificial Intelligence Systems Dataset Bias Hellinger Distance Auxiliary Model Compact Embedding Artificial Intelligence Solutions Machine Learning Challenges Adversarial Examples Variational Autoencoder Latent Space Fast Gradient Sign Method Adversarial Attacks Source Task Variational Autoencoder Model Time Window Systematic Bias Training Data

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BicPAMS: software for biological data analysis with pattern-based biclustering

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BMC BIOINFORMATICS 2017年第1期18卷 1-16页

作者： Henriques, Rui Ferreira, Francisco L. Madeira, Sara C. Univ Lisbon INESC ID Lisbon Portugal Univ Lisbon Inst Super Tecn Lisbon Portugal

Background: Biclustering has been largely applied for the unsupervised analysis of biological data, being recognised today as a key technique to discover putative modules in both expression data (subsets of genes correlated in subsets of conditions) and network data (groups of coherently interconnected biological entities). However, given its computational complexity, only recent breakthroughs on pattern-based biclustering enabled efficient searches without the restrictions that state-of-the-art biclustering algorithms place on the structure and homogeneity of biclusters. As a result, pattern-based biclustering provides the unprecedented opportunity to discover non-trivial yet meaningful biological modules with putative functions, whose coherency and tolerance to noise can be tuned and made problem-specific. Methods: To enable the effective use of pattern-based biclustering by the scientific community, we developed BicPAMS (Biclustering based on PAttern Mining Software), a software that: 1) makes available state-of-the-art pattern-based biclustering algorithms (BicPAM (Henriques and Madeira, Alg Mol Biol 9: 27, 2014), BicNET (Henriques and Madeira, Alg Mol Biol 11: 23, 2016), BicSPAM (Henriques and Madeira, BMC Bioinforma 15: 130, 2014), BiC2PAM (Henriques and Madeira, Alg Mol Biol 11: 1-30, 2016), BiP (Henriques and Madeira, IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinforma, 2015), DeBi (Serin and Vingron, AMB 6:1-12, 2011) and BiModule (Okada et al., IPSJ Trans Bioinf 48(SIG5):39-48, 2007));2) consistently integrates their dispersed contributions;3) further explores additional accuracy and efficiency gains;and 4) makes available graphical and application programming interfaces. Results: Results on both synthetic and real data confirm the relevance of BicPAMS for biological data analysis, highlighting its essential role for the discovery of putative modules with non-trivial yet biologically significant functions from expression and network data. Conclusions: BicPAMS is the fir

关键词： Association Rule application programming interface Pattern Mining Coherency Strength Merit Function

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Location API 2.0 for J2ME -: A new standard in location for Java-enabled mobile phones

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COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS 2008年第6期31卷 1091-1103页

作者： Barbeau, Sean J. Labrador, Miguel A. Winters, Philip L. Perez, Rafael Georggi, Nevine Labib Univ S Florida Ctr Urban Transportat Res Tampa FL 33620 USA Univ S Florida Dept Comp Sci & Engn Tampa FL 33620 USA

Key aspects in realizing the maximum potential of advanced Location-Based Services (LBS) are the standardization and cross-platform availability of an application programming interface (API) for mobile phones that allows access to real-time location information. To shorten the development time of advanced LBS, such an API should also provide essential features such as map user interfaces, geo-coding, and navigation to be used as building blocks in the context of larger mobile applications. Using these available services, application developers can focus on building innovative location-aware applications rather than re-creating existing services. This article's main goals are to emphasize the importance of such an API and to describe the Location API for Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME). This description includes the main features of the current "JSR179-Location API v1.0" as well as the significant enhancements and new services included in the development of "JSR293-Location API v2.0." These new features, illustrated using coding examples, will help software developers create next-generation location-aware J2ME applications. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： location based services mobile phone standard application programming interface Java J2ME JSR179 JSR293

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Critical evaluation of the JDO API for the persistence and portability requirements of complex biological databases

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BMC BIOINFORMATICS 2005年第1期6卷 1-15页

作者： Srdanovic, M Schenk, U Schwieger, M Campagne, F Weill Cornell Med Coll New York NY 10021 USA FastObjects Inc San Rafael CA 94903 USA

Background: Complex biological database systems have become key computational tools used daily by scientists and researchers. Many of these systems must be capable of executing on multiple different hardware and software configurations and are also often made available to users via the Internet. We have used the Java Data Object (JDO) persistence technology to develop the database layer of such a system known as the SigPath information management system. SigPath is an example of a complex biological database that needs to store various types of information connected by many relationships. Results: Using this system as an example, we perform a critical evaluation of current JDO technology;discuss the suitability of the JDO standard to achieve portability, scalability and performance. We show that JDO supports portability of the SigPath system from a relational database backend to an object database backend and achieves acceptable scalability. To answer the performance question, we have created the SigPath JDO application benchmark that we distribute under the Gnu General Public License. This benchmark can be used as an example of using JDO technology to create a complex biological database and makes it possible for vendors and users of the technology to evaluate the performance of other JDO implementations for similar applications. Conclusions: The SigPath JDO benchmark and our discussion of JDO technology in the context of biological databases will be useful to bioinformaticians who design new complex biological databases and aim to create systems that can be ported easily to a variety of database backends.

关键词： Relational Database application programming interface Code Base Biological Database Bioinformatics Database

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Has Access Control Become the Weak Link?

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IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY 2024年第5期22卷 4-7页

作者： Jaeger, Trent Univ Calif Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA

In the early 2000s, computer systems were under threat from a variety of Internet worms. This malware attacked network-facing programs by exploiting their memory errors, hijacking their execution to perform malicious operations and propagate the malware to other systems. One key change that commercial systems adopted to prevent such attacks was in access control enforcement. With the enhanced access control (and other defenses), defenders were able to prevent Internet worm attacks, but a variety of other significant and catastrophic attacks (e.g., ransomware) have emerged since that time. But our access control infrastructure is essentially the same as that used to combat Internet worms. In this column, I want to look more closely at the current state of access control enforcement and where we might go from here.

关键词： Access Policy Processing System Early 2000 S Computer System Commercial Systems Security Policy User Identification Memory Errors Flow Data application programming interface Mobile System Android application Original Equipment Manufacturers Number Of Threats File System

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A SYSTEMATIC-APPROACH TO HOST interface DESIGN FOR HIGH-SPEED NETWORKS

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COMPUTER 1994年第3期27卷 47-57页

作者： STEENKISTE, PA Sch. of Comput. Sci. Carnegie Mellon Univ. Pittsburgh PA

Optical fiber has made it possible to build networks with link speeds exceeding a gigabit per second;however, these networks are pushing end systems to their limits. For high-speed networks (100 Mbits per second and up), network throughput is typically limited by software overhead on the sending and receiving hosts. This article describes how software optimization and hardware support on the network adapter can reduce overhead and improve throughput. The author begins with a typical network interface and systematically adds software optimizations, such as buffered communication primitives and check-sum during copy, as well as hardware optimizations such as direct memory access, outboard packet buffering, and programmed I/O to increase through-put on high-speed networks. The architectural features and trade-offs presented in this article define a design space that should help system architects systematically evaluate design choices.

关键词： API application programming interface application-level latency communication overhead communication performance communication protocols computer communications software end-systems hardware support high-speed networks host interface design network adapter network interface hardware architecture network interfaces network throughput optical fiber performance considerations performance evaluation protocols software optimizations software overhead systematic approach

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Parallel Anisotropic Unstructured Grid Adaptation

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AIAA JOURNAL 2021年第11期59卷 4764-4776页

作者： Tsolakis, Christos Chrisochoides, Nikos Park, Michael A. Loseille, Adrien Michal, Todd Old Dominion Univ Ctr Real Time Comp Norfolk VA 23529 USA Old Dominion Univ Ctr Real Time Comp Comp Sci Norfolk VA 23529 USA NASA Langley Res Ctr Computat AeroSci Branch Hampton VA 23681 USA Paris Saclay Univ Natl Inst Res Comp Sci & Automat GAMMA3 Team Alan Turing Bldg F-91120 Palaiseau France Boeing Co St Louis MO 63166 USA

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become critical to the design and analysis of aerospace vehicles. Parallel grid adaptation that resolves multiple scales with anisotropy is identified as one of the challenges in the CFD Vision 2030 Study to increase the capacity and capability of CFD simulation. The study also cautions that computer architectures are undergoing a radical change, and dramatic increases in algorithm concurrency will be required to exploit full performance. This paper reviews four different methods to parallel anisotropic grid adaptation. They cover both ends of the spectrum: 1) using existing state-of-the-art software optimized for a single core and modifying it for parallel platforms, and 2) designing and implementing scalable software with incomplete but rapidly maturing functionality. A brief overview for each grid adaptation system is presented in the context of a telescopic approach for multilevel concurrency. These methods employ different approaches to enable parallel execution, which provides a unique opportunity to illustrate the relative behavior of each approach. Qualitative and quantitative metric evaluations are used to draw lessons for future developments in this critical area for parallel CFD simulation.

关键词： Unstructured Grid CFD Simulation Delta Wing High Performance Computing Data Structures Real Time Computing Histograms application programming interface External Flows Asynchronous Communications

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