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Fusion of Smart-Sensor Standards and Sensors with Self-Validating Abilities

JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT 2010年第3期47卷 1041-1046页

作者： Paces, Pavel Reinstein, Michal Draxler, Karel Czech Tech Univ Fac Elect Engn Dept Measurement Prague 16627 6 Czech Republic

Airborne applications require a high degree of reliability, which is typically ensured by development guides, testing, quality checking, and overall certification processes. Although these processes provide a high level of product safety and reliability, the electronic devices can fail for various reasons. One of the main present-day problems is incompatibility of the communication interfaces of the smart sensors. This paper proposes a way of using a standardized IEEE 1451 interface with the information necessary for sensor self-validation ability. The necessary data are saved within the memory of the extended Transducer Electronics Data Sheet standard. This paper presents usage of the extended Transducer Electronics Data Sheet data on a servomechanism actuator with a feedback loop (servomechanism), designed for an unmanned aircraft.

关键词： Sensors Digital Control Transducers Actuators Unmanned Aircraft Feedback Loop Kalman Filter Analog to Digital Converters Microprocessors application programming interface

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Disaggregation Method for an Aggregate Traffic Flow Management Model

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JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS 2010年第3期33卷 666-676页

作者： Sun, Dengfeng Sridhar, Banavar Grabbet, Shon Purdue Univ Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut W Lafayette IN 47907 USA NASA Ames Res Ctr Moffett Field CA 94035 USA

A linear time-varying aggregate traffic flow model can be used to develop traffic flow management strategies using optimization algorithms. However, there are few methods available in the literature to translate these aggregate solutions into practical control actions involving individual aircraft. In this paper, a computationally efficient disaggregation algorithm is proposed by employing a series of linear program and mixed integer linear program methods, which converts an aggregate (flow-based) solution to a flight-specific control action. Numerical results generated by the optimization method and the disaggregation algorithm are presented and illustrated by applying them to generate traffic flow management schedules for a typical day in the U.S. National Airspace System.

关键词： Enhanced Traffic Management System National Airspace System application programming interface Linear programming Airspace Flight Planning Center TRACON Automation System Linux Operating System Aeroplane Mixed Integer Linear programming

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Feature-based integration of conceptual and detailed mould design

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH 2011年第16期49卷 4833-4855页

作者： Jong, Wen-Ren Wu, Chun-Hsien Lee, Ming-Yen Chung Yuan Christian Univ Dept Mech Engn Chungli 32023 Taiwan Chung Yuan Christian Univ R&D Ctr Mold & Molding Technol Chungli 32023 Taiwan Taiwan Green Point Enterprise Co Taichung Taiwan

The plastic production industry has been growing rapidly in recent years, and injection mould, which is especially widely used in 4C (computer, communication, consumer electronics, and car) products, is the most popular in moulding plastic. The diverse requirements of customers and pressures of just-in-time production are big challenges in the injection mould industry. The advantages, that keep products' quality and increase work efficiency, will decide a company's competitive capabilities. Therefore, this study proposes a feature-based integration of the conceptual and detailed mould design process within the computer-aided design (CAD) tool. It adopts a feature-oriented method and the dedicated application programming interface (API) to implement the features integration function of the conceptual and detailed mould design. Based on intellectualised, customised, and standardised procedures, not only does this prevent probable engineering mistakes and generate consistent web reports, but also transmits the intact feature information from conceptual to detailed mould design, thus shortening detailed mould design processes. In the case studies of this paper, using the feature-based navigating system can result in time savings up to 56% and 59%. The results show significant time savings over traditional mould design processes.

关键词： feature-based web-based application programming interface conceptual mould design

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Computational Solutions to Lambert's Problem on Modern Graphics Processing Units

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JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS 2015年第7期38卷 1306-U15页

作者： Wagner, Sam Wie, Bong Kaplinger, Brian Iowa State Univ Dept Aerosp Engn Asteroid Deflect Res Center Ames IA 50010 USA Florida Inst Technol Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn Melbourne FL 32901 USA

The Battin, Gooding, and Sun algorithms are able to converge for nearly 100% of all orbit combinations. Both the Gooding and Sun algorithms have approximately the same performance, whereas the Battin algorithm is consistently slower. The performance for each Lambert algorithm, when run on the graphics processing unit (GPU), has been compared. Each Lambert solution algorithm is able to compute tens of millions of solutions per second, with Sun's method having the best performance at nearly 32 million solutions per second. This represents an increase in performance of two orders of magnitude when using GPUs over standard CPU algorithms. Although even the grid search CPU run times are not high when compared with common high-performance computing algorithms, mission optimization algorithms often require run times ranging from hours to multiple days. By offloading computations for solutions to Lambert's problem to GPU(s) and sufficiently parallelizing optimization algorithms, performance increases of up to two orders of magnitude can be realized when compared with standard CPU algorithms. This will allow mission designers to quickly compute complex trajectories when evaluating potential mission architectures.

关键词： Lambert Algorithm Graphics Processing Unit Algorithm Performance application programming interface Orbit Determination Highly Elliptical Orbit High Performance Computing Optimization Algorithm Search Algorithm Mars Missions

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Software Framework for Prototyping Embedded Integrated Vehicle Health Management applications

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JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2014年第2期11卷 82-96页

作者： Sreenuch, T. Tsourdos, A. Jennions, I. K. Cranfield Univ Integrated Vehicle Hlth Management Ctr Cranfield MK43 0AL Beds England Cranfield Univ Dept Engn Phys Cranfield MK43 0AL Beds England

Integrated vehicle health management is a major component in a new, future fleet-management paradigm where a conscious effort is made to shift aircraft maintenance from a schedule-based approach to a more proactive and predictive approach (that is, condition-based maintenance). Its goal is to maximize fleet operational availability while minimizing the logistics footprint through monitoring of the deterioration of equipment conditions. A comprehensive integrated vehicle health-management system will be executed in an environment that includes different sensor technologies, multiple information systems, and different data models. Integrated vehicle healthmanagement implementers have to therefore deal with an integration problem that involves different specialized algorithms and embedded hardware platforms. Integrated vehicle health management applications will have common execution logic, and many will share the same data-processing algorithms;hence, development productivity and the quality of integrated vehicle health management applications can be increased through reusable software building blocks and algorithm libraries or, in particular, by using a software development framework. This paper presents an approach to distributed integrated vehicle health management systems that offers reusable software architecture for a class of integrated vehicle health management applications. The focus of this paper deals with an open software framework for development of integrated vehicle health management applications stemming from the open system architecture for a condition-based maintenance specification, which is an architecture-promoting interoperability and a component framework that enables reuse, data-process partitioning, configuration, and rapid prototyping. The framework is developed using Java and Internet communications engines' distributed middleware, and its application is demonstrated through a gearbox health-monitoring system, where the integrated vehicle he

关键词： Data Processing application programming interface Unified Modeling Language Middleware Technology Central Processing Unit Rapid Prototyping Sensor Technology Aircraft Maintenance Information System Metadata

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Open GL-Open CL Solar Radiation Pressure Modeling with Time-Varying Spacecraft Geometries

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JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2021年第5期18卷 307-321页

作者： Kenneally, Patrick Schaub, Hanspeter Tanygin, Sergei Univ Colorado Dept Aerosp Engn Sci Boulder CO 80303 USA

A method for the fast computation of spacecraft force and torque due to solar radiation pressure (SRP) is presented. A faceted model is employed that tracks which elements of a time-varying geometry are exposed to the sunlight, but sunlight reflections are not modeled. The method uses the highly parallel execution capabilities of commodity graphics processing unit (GPU) and the Open Graphics Library (OpenGL) and Open Compute Language (OpenCL) to render a spacecraft mesh on the GPU. A custom-developed OpenGL render pipeline computes the per-model facet SRP forces and torques that are summed on the GPU before the resultant spacecraft force and torque vectors are copied back to the CPU bound process. The process is validated on spherical and cubic test shapes. The evaluation accommodates spacecraft self-shadowing and is capable of accounting for arbitrary spacecraft articulation. Material properties are encoded with the model to provide realistic specular, diffuse, and absorption surface light interactions. Numerical simulations illustrate the impact of geometric fidelity and articulated surfaces. The faceted OpenGL-OpenCL method is up to an order of magnitude faster on integrated GPU hardware than high-end graphics card as the process is not demanding on the GPU and benefits from the fast memory transfer of on-chip processors.

关键词： Solar Radiation Spacecraft Models Graphics Processing Unit Material Properties Numerical Simulation Optical Properties application programming interface Spacecraft Configurations Spacecraft Attitude Computing Platform

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Flexible 3D Model Partitioning System for nD-Based BIM Implementation of Alignment-Based Civil Infrastructure

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JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING 2020年第1期36卷

作者： Lee, Seung Soo Kim, Kyung Tae Tanoli, Waqas Arshad Seo, Jong Won Doosan Infracore Heavy Dev Elect & Elect Cntr 489 Hwasu Dong Incheon 22502 South Korea Hanyang Univ Dept Civil & Environm Engn Seoul 04763 South Korea

Three-dimensional (3D) building information modeling (BIM) models of alignment-based civil infrastructures such as roads, railways, and tunnels are built as an integrated surface model for each planned linear segment. In the multidimensional (nD) form of BIM, the model can be linked with information such as quantity, schedule, and cost. Furthermore, even if the nD form of BIM is fulfilled, the design and linked information are changed;subsequently, not only must the BIM model be re-created but each link to the information must be updated. In this study, a system was developed to partition the 3D BIM model according to the level required by the user. A partition interval allows the user to input the start and end points or to set a constant interval unit on the basis of the design baseline. In addition, each segment of the partitioned BIM model can be equipped with information such as earthwork volume (cut and fill), cost, and schedule. Finally, a case study was conducted using a road BIM model to verify the developed system.

关键词： Building information modeling 3D model partitioning system Civil infrastructure Surface model application programming interface

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Flatness-Based Reduced Hessian Method for Optimal Control of Aircraft

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JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS 2022年第5期45卷 921-934页

作者： Sandeepkumar, R. Mohan, Ranjith Indian Inst Technol Madras Dept Aerosp Engn Chennai 600036 Tamil Nadu India

Numerical solutions of flatness-based reformulation of optimal control problems lead to an optimization problem with fewer variables and constraints. However, the expressions for the states and controls in terms of the flat output variables can be highly nonlinear and complicated. Hence, this may lead to expensive function evaluations within the optimization problem, degradation of convexity, and issues with convergence. Thus, a flatness-based reformulation of the optimal control problems may not be a viable alternative for computational guidance and control. Alternatively, a novel flatness-based reduced Hessian sequential quadratic programming algorithm is developed in this paper to solve optimization problems for a six-degree-of-freedom aircraft. An analytical null space basis is derived from the linearized differential constraints, which leads to a reduced-dimensional quadratic program with the discretized flat outputs as decision variables. Unlike flatness-based reformulation of the optimal control problem, the null space/reduced Hessian method does not introduce additional nonlinearity and preserves the convexity of the optimization problem. A nonlinear model predictive control problem is solved to demonstrate the reduced Hessian algorithm. The algorithm is validated and Monte Carlo trials are performed to assess the effectiveness of the approach. Computational studies show that the current approach is faster than methods that directly exploit sparsity up to a factor of five.

关键词： Trajectory Optimization Aircrafts Broyden Fletcher Goldfarb Shanno Linear Quadratic Regulator Three Degrees of Freedom Numerical Optimization application programming interface Body Reference Frame Euler Angles Sideslip

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A Virtual Power Plant Solution for Aggregating Photovoltaic Systems and Other Distributed Energy Resources for Northern European Primary Frequency Reserves

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ENERGIES 2021年第5期14卷

作者： Subramanya, Rakshith Yli-Ojanpera, Matti Sierla, Seppo Holtta, Taneli Valtakari, Jori Vyatkin, Valeriy Aalto Univ Sch Elect Engn Dept Elect Engn & Automat FI-00076 Espoo Finland Siemens Osakeyhtio Espoo 02600 Finland Lulea Univ Technol SRT S-97187 Lulea Sweden ITMO Univ Int Res Lab Comp Technol St Petersburg 197101 Russia

Primary frequency reserves in Northern Europe have traditionally been provided with hydro plants and fossil fuel-burning spinning reserves. Recently, smart distributed energy resources have been equipped with functionality needed to participate on frequency reserves. Key categories of such resources include photovoltaic systems, batteries, and smart loads. Most of these resources are small and cannot provide the minimum controllable power required to participate on frequency reserves. Thus, virtual power plants have been used to aggregate the resources and trade them on the frequency reserves markets. The information technology aspects of virtual power plants are proprietary and many of the details have not been made public. The first contribution of this article is to propose a generic data model and application programming interface for a virtual power plant with the above-mentioned capabilities. The second contribution is to use the application programming interface to cope with the unpredictability of the frequency reserve capacity that the photovoltaic systems and other distributed energy resources are able to provide to the frequency reserves markets in the upcoming bidding period. The contributions are demonstrated with an operational virtual power plant installation at a Northern European shopping center, aggregating photovoltaic Primary Frequency Reserves resources.

关键词： solar power virtual power plant application programming interface primary frequency reserve frequency containment reserve demand response forecasting machine learning neural network

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Variable-Magnification Optical Stimulator for Training and Validation of Spaceborne Vision-Based Navigation

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JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS 2019年第4期56卷 1060-1072页

作者： Beierle, Connor D'Amico, Simone Stanford Univ Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Space Rendezvous Lab Durand Bldg496 Lomita Mall Stanford CA 94305 USA

This paper addresses the design, calibration, and utilization of a hardware-in-the loop optical stimulator for the training and validation of vision-based sensors and algorithms used for spaceborne navigation. This testbed overcomes deficiencies of existing approaches in literature, which mainly focus on emulating single operational zones such as inertial, far-range, or close-range relative navigation. Consequently, the behavior of vision-based sensors and algorithms operating in mixed or transitioning navigation regimes have remained poorly assessed before launch. To address these issues, this novel optical stimulator reproduces the large geometric and radiometric dynamic range of the space environment with a pair of lenses to achieve variable magnification of an organic light emitting diode monitor. This approach is shown to support vision-based sensors of both narrow and wide field of view, increase the radiometric dynamic range of the testbed, and emulate close-range scenarios when light from an object is not collimated. A calibration procedure is presented that places sources of light at the intended angular location over the magnification range in the presence of varying distortions. The calibrated testbed is then used to simulate dynamic inertial and relative navigation scenarios of operational relevance. These hardware-in-the-loop simulations allow for the training and validation of optical hardware, software, and algorithms for future distributed space systems.

关键词： Vision Based Navigation Horizon Sensors Space Environment Hardware in the Loop Simulation Distributed Space Systems Satellites Attitude Dynamics Earth Cathode Ray Tubes application programming interface

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