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UNREACHABLE STATES IN MODEL-ORIENTED SPECIFICATIONS

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 1990年第4期16卷 472-477页

作者： NICHOLL, RA Department of Computer Science University of Western Ontario London Ont. N6A 5B7 Canada

Formal specification methods are being used to improve the quality of written specifications, and particularly to eliminate errors at an early stage of software development. The detection of errors in a specification generally requires that we compare the specification against some loosely defined 'real-world'' concepts. In this correspondence we introduce a new criterion for evaluating the quality of a model-oriented specification and explain the problems associated with specifications which do not meet this criterion. These problems are particularly troublesome when reusable software components are being specified or when a bottom-up implementation strategy is being used. [abstract FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： abstract data types formal specification software reuse software specification

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DOWNSIZING LARGE APPLICATION PROGRAMS

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JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 1994年第5期6卷 235-247页

作者： SNEED, HM NYARY, E Software Engineering Service Rosenheimer Landstrasse 37 8012 Ottobrunn Germany

There is a great demand in industry to migrate from the mainframe to distributed client/server type systems. The following paper proposes three methods of splitting up oversized host application programs with the goal of offloading them on to workstation computers. The three approaches are by procedural connection, functional decomposition, and abstract data typing. The author describes his experience in applying each of the methods and explains what other measures are necessary to downsize a program.

关键词： REENGINEERING DOWNSIZING OFFLOADING REMODULARIZATION CONTROL FLOW GRAPH ANALYSIS FUNCTIONAL DECOMPOSITION abstract data types

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SOME ASPECTS OF CONCURRENT PROGRAMMING IN CCNPASCAL

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SOFTWARE-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 1979年第9期9卷 749-770页

作者： NARAYANA, KT PRASAD, VR JOSEPH, M TATA INST FUNDAMENTAL RES NATL CTR SOFTWARE DEV & COMP TECHBOMBAY 400005INDIA

abstractCCNPASCAL is a language derived from Pascal and Concurrent Pascal which has been used in the development of an operating system for a multiprocessor. This paper introduces some of the important features of the language and illustrates them with examples. The language provides mechanisms for interfacing separately compiled modules, for building abstractions of collections of resources and for efficient asynchronous communication.

关键词： Concurrent programming Implementation languages Modular programming abstract data types Pure classes Event monitors Operating systems

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Automatic Scalable Atomicity via Semantic Locking

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL COMPUTING 2017年第4期3卷 1–29页

作者： Golan-Gueta, Guy Ramalingam, G. Sagiv, Mooly Yahav, Eran VMWare Res Herzliyya Israel Microsoft Res Bangalore Karnataka India Tel Aviv Univ Sch Comp Sci IL-6997801 Tel Aviv Israel Technion Dept Comp Sci IL-32000 Haifa Israel VMWare 3 Sapir StAmpa Bldg IL-46733 Herzliyya Israel Microsoft Res India 9 Lavelle Rd Bangalore 560001 Karnataka India

In this article, we consider concurrent programs in which the shared state consists of instances of linearizable abstract data types (ADTs). We present an automated approach to concurrency control that addresses a common need: the need to atomically execute a code fragment, which may contain multiple ADT operations on multiple ADT instances. We present a synthesis algorithm that automatically enforces atomicity of given code fragments (in a client program) by inserting pessimistic synchronization that guarantees atomicity and deadlock-freedom (without using any rollback mechanism). Our algorithm takes a commutativity specification as an extra input. This specification indicates for every pair of ADT operations the conditions under which the operations commute. Our algorithm enables greater parallelism by permitting commuting operations to execute concurrently. We have implemented the synthesis algorithm in a Java compiler and applied it to several Java programs. Our results show that our approach produces efficient and scalable synchronization.

关键词： abstract data types automatic locking concurrency semantics transactions

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HSD3B1 status as a biomarker of androgen deprivation resistance and implications for prostate cancer

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NATURE REVIEWS UROLOGY 2018年第3期15卷 191-196页

作者： Hettel, Daniel Sharifi, Nima Cleveland Clin Lerner Coll Med Educ Inst 9500 Euclid Ave Cleveland OH 44195 USA Cleveland Clin Lerner Res Inst Dept Canc Biol 9500 Euclid Ave Cleveland OH 44195 USA Cleveland Clin Lerner Coll Med Lerner Res InstDept Urol Glickman Urol & Kidney InstEduc InstDept Canc B 9500 Euclid Ave Cleveland OH 44195 USA Cleveland Clin Taussig Canc Inst Dept Haematol & Oncol 9500 Euclid Ave Cleveland OH 44195 USA

Patients with advanced prostate cancer who receive androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) almost invariably develop castration-resistant disease. The mechanism of resistance is largely based on synthesis of intratumoral androgens from adrenal precursors, requiring enzymatic action of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta(5 -> 4) isomerase 1 (3 beta-HSD1), encoded by HSD3B1. A nucleotide polymorphism (1245A>C) in HSD3B1 results in a protein variant with increased steady-state levels and subsequently increased androgen synthesis from extragonadal precursors. Multiple clinical studies have shown that patients with the variant allele have significantly worse outcomes after ADT than those without, indicating that HSD3B1 variant status is a predictive biomarker of shortened ADT response. In addition, inheritance of the HSD3B1 variant is associated with extended responses to 17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17A1) inhibition with a nonsteroidal agent, adding to evidence of increased tumour dependence on extragonadal androgens in patients who inherited the HSD3B1 variant. However, steroidal drugs with a 3 beta-hydroxyl, Delta(5)-structure, such as abiraterone, are also metabolized by 3 beta-HSD1, and 5 alpha-abiraterone, a downstream metabolite, has been shown to activate the androgen receptor, potentially driving cancer progression. These data indicate a potential requirement to modify the treatment framework of patients harbouring variant HSD3B1.

关键词： Prostate Cancer protein variant Patients abstract data types Biological Markers androgen synthesis Androgens HSD3B1 gene abiraterone

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An End-To-End Approach to Distributed Policy Language Implementation (Extended abstract)

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ELECTRONIC NOTES IN THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE 2007年第4期171卷 3-21页

作者： Chothia, Tom Duggan, Dominic Wu, Ye CWI Kruislaan 4131098 SJ POB 94079 NL-1090 GB Amsterdam Netherlands Stevens Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci Hoboken NJ 07040 USA

Language-based security approaches to access control and information flow control must at some point rely on a language for expressing policies. However there will in general be several choices for the correct policy language for any given application, and several choices for the implementation of a policy language in a given domain. This article considers an approach to implementing the policy language at the application level, relying on trusted cryptographic libraries whose interface security guarantees are used to verify the correctness of the policy language implementation.

关键词： Access control policy language cryptographic libraries abstract data types

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Measuring testosterone and testosterone replacement therapy in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: A survey of UK uro-oncologists' opinions and practice

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE 2019年第9期73卷 1-6页

作者： Payne, Heather McMenemin, Rhona Bahl, Amit Greene, Damian Staffurth, John Univ Coll London Hosp London England Newcastle Upon Tyne Hosp NHS Fdn Trust Newcastle Upon Tyne Tyne & Wear England Univ Hosp Bristol NHS Fdn Trust Bristol Haematol & Oncol Ctr Bristol Avon England City Hosp Sunderland NHS Fdn Trust Sunderland England Cardiff Univ Sch Med Div Canc & Genet Cardiff S Glam Wales Velindre Canc Ctr Cardiff S Glam Wales

Aim To explore the practice and attitudes of uro-oncologists in the UK regarding monitoring testosterone levels and the use of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in their prostate cancer patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Methods An expert-devised online questionnaire was completed by the members of the British Uro-oncology Group (BUG). Results Of 160 uro-oncologists invited, 84 completed the questionnaire. Before initiating ADT in patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer, only 45% of respondents measured testosterone levels and 61% did not measure testosterone at all during ADT in the adjuvant or neoadjuvant setting. However, in men with metastatic prostate cancer, 71% of the uro-oncologists measured testosterone before starting ADT and the majority continued testing during treatment. Approximately two-thirds of respondents did not prescribe TRT for their patients who were in remission following neo(adjuvant) ADT and who had castration levels of testosterone. Discussion Among UK uro-oncologists, the measurement of testosterone levels before and during ADT was not typically part of routine practice in the management of patients with prostate cancer. However, testosterone levels were checked more frequently for patients with metastatic disease than disease at an earlier stage. Testing could be conducted in parallel with PSA measurement as testosterone levels are linked to biochemical failure. The majority of specialists participating in the survey did not prescribe TRT for their patients in remission following ADT. Conclusion Uro-oncologists in the UK do not generally measure testosterone as part of their patient management and they remain cautious about the possible benefits of TRT in men with prostate cancer.

关键词： replacement therapy abstract data types Testosterone Prostate Cancer Remission androgen deprivation therapy United Kingdom Patients

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Phatic systems in digital society

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TECHNOLOGY IN SOCIETY 2016年第0期46卷 140-148页

作者： Wang, Victoria Tucker, John V. Univ Portsmouth Fac Humanities & Social Sci Inst Criminal Justice Studies St Georges Bldg141 High St Portsmouth PO1 2HY Hants England Swansea Univ Coll Sci Dept Comp Sci Faraday Bldg Swansea SA2 8PP W Glam Wales

In our contemporary society, phatic technologies routinely establish, develop and maintain personal and emotional relationships across time and space. This phenomenon is reminiscent of Giddens' 1990 concept of abstract systems - made of symbolic tokens and expert systems - that disembed and re-embed public and professional life. In this paper, we develop social theory that aims to provide a better understanding of the prominent role of phatic technologies in society. We proceed in three stages: first, we critique and revise Giddens' vague concept of symbolic tokens and its implications for time space distanciation by introducing novel concepts from measurement science. This focuses on forms of information that are relatively precise and communal. Secondly, building on our new formulation of abstract systems, we propose new sociological concepts, phatic systems and symbolic indicators, to enable social theory to explore and analyse the rise of phatic technologies. The concepts focus on the personal and emotional. Thirdly, reflecting on the fact that our digital society is held together by software, we introduce concepts from theoretical computer science to relate the abstract sociological idea of phatic systems and symbolic indicators to the concrete nature of digital data. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： abstract systems Symbolic tokens Measurement science Phatic systems Symbolic indicators abstract data types

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SOME PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING AN ADT-OBSESSED DESIGN

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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING JOURNAL 1988年第2期3卷 57-63页

作者： NAPHTALI, E RICH, M ISRAEL AIRCRAFT IND LTD BEN GURION INT AIRPORTIL-70100 LODISRAEL TEMPLE UNIV DEPT MATHPHILADELPHIAPA 19122

The purpose of this paper is to convey some of the lessons learned during the development of the software of a real-time embedded system. The key concept in the design of the software was to use abstract data types to... 详细信息

关键词： software engineering data structures real-time embedded system Software engineering techniques abstract data types development environment ADT-obsessed design File organisation

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ASN.1 protocol specification for use with arbitrary encoding schemes

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IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING 1997年第4期5卷 502-513页

作者： Tantiprasut, D Neil, J Farrell, C Sch. of Comput. Sci. Curtin Univ. of Technol. Perth WA Australia

abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) is a language for describing structured information, It is generally used in the specification of communications protocols. To date, it has primarily been used in the specification of OSI application layer protocols and protocols which use Basic Encoding Rules (BER) and its derivatives as encoding schemes, While it is difficult to understand why ASN.1 has not received more widespread use for protocol specification, one possible explanation is its perceived reliance on BER and its derivatives as encoding schemes, This work attempts to address this misconception by providing mappings for ASN.1 constructs directly onto encoding schemes other than BER. By harnessing the techniques described, ASN.1 can be used to describe new and existing protocols regardless of their encoding scheme. The effectiveness of our techniques is demonstrated using a protocol analyzer (sometimes called a packet analyzer), Protocol analyzers decode and display protocol data units (PDU's), A major limitation of many protocol analyzers is their inability to dynamically incorporate new and proprietary PDU's, A ''proof of concept'' for the solutions suggested in this paper is provided via a protocol analyzer capable of processing protocols directly from an ASN.1 specification.

关键词： Protocols abstract data types Specification Languages Formal Specification Encoding Computer Networks Open Systems ASN 1 Protocol Specification Encoding abstract Syntax Notation One Structured Information Communications Protocols OSI Application Layer Protocols Basic Encoding Rules Protocol Analyzer Packet Analyzer Protocol data Units Protocol Processing Computer Networks Specification Language Protocols Encoding Bit Error Rate Specification Languages Open Systems Formal Specifications Decoding Displays Computer Networks Software Engineering

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