For decades researchers have studied the duality of hashing and sorting for the implementation of the relational operators, especially for efficient aggregation. Depending on the underlying hardware and software archi...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450327589
For decades researchers have studied the duality of hashing and sorting for the implementation of the relational operators, especially for efficient aggregation. Depending on the underlying hardware and software architecture, the specifically implemented algorithms, and the data sets used in the experiments, different authors came to different conclusions about which is the better approach. In this paper we argue that in terms of cache efficiency, the two paradigms are actually the same. We support our claim by showing that the complexity of hashing is the same as the complexity of sorting in the external memory model. Furthermore we make the similarity of the two approaches obvious by designing an algorithmic framework that allows to switch seamlessly between hashing and sorting during execution. The fact that we mix hashing and sorting routines in the same algorithmic framework allows us to leverage the advantages of both approaches and makes their similarity obvious. On a more practical note, we also show how to achieve very low constant factors by tuning both the hashing and the sorting routines to modern hardware. Since we observe a complementary dependency of the constant factors of the two routines to the locality of the input, we exploit our framework to switch to the faster routine where appropriate. The result is a novel relational aggregation algorithm that is cache-efficient-independently and without prior knowledge of input skew and output cardinality-, highly parallelizable on modern multi-core systems, and operating at a speed close to the memory bandwidth, thus outperforming the state-of-the-art by up to 3.7x.
Active Noise Cancellation (ANC) is an effective way to reduce noise signals that are present along with desired signals needed for signal processing. The noise can occur due to many reasons and at any point of signal ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467365406
Active Noise Cancellation (ANC) is an effective way to reduce noise signals that are present along with desired signals needed for signal processing. The noise can occur due to many reasons and at any point of signal processing including signal generation stage, the processing stage or the detection and storage stage. Passive techniques were used traditionally but as they were inefficient at low frequency ranges, they were replaced by active noise cancelling techniques. ANC requires adaptive algorithms to attain an optimized performance. The ANC system also requires very little space and is cost efficient. Since the 1980s, as DSP chips grew in applications a number of adaptive algorithms have been developed. Different algorithms can be used for different applications. Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm, Recursive Least Square (RLS) algorithm and Filtered-x-LMS (FXLMS) algorithm are some of the developed adaptive algorithms. In this paper, a new enhanced adaptive algorithm for feedback ANC systems has been developed. Simulations taking MATLAB as a platform has been carried out to show that the proposed algorithm gives a better performance than the conventional feed-forward FXLMS algorithm.
In this work it is presented a DSP card implementation method of the FxLMS single channel algorithm for active noise control (ANC). The ANC technique uses the superposition principle to attenuate acoustical noise. It ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467393058
In this work it is presented a DSP card implementation method of the FxLMS single channel algorithm for active noise control (ANC). The ANC technique uses the superposition principle to attenuate acoustical noise. It is presented some simulating and experimental results of the LMS and FxLMS algorithms. The signals used in the ANC are several low frequency tones and a broadband sound signal (air compressor), which is a machine widely used in industrial applications. The experiments are carried out in an enclosure (control room of approximately 36 cubic meters of volume).
The aim of this paper is to extract the Fetal Electrocardiogram (FECG) signal from the mother's abdomen signal which is an important signal to analyze the abnormalities of the fetal heart by a physician. Fetal ECG...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479961085
The aim of this paper is to extract the Fetal Electrocardiogram (FECG) signal from the mother's abdomen signal which is an important signal to analyze the abnormalities of the fetal heart by a physician. Fetal ECG is extracted from the mother's abdomen by using least-mean-square (LMS) adaptive filter based on the FIR filter coefficients. This FECG is used to calculate the fetal heart beat and the period of the signal based on our estimation. By using this system FECG can be taken after the pregnancy of 20 weeks. To take FECG in real time, maternal woman should wear a wide belt around her abdomen which is fitted with several ECG electrodes. The data collected from the electrodes are sent to a system and then analyzed with the help of adaptive noise canceller algorithm, which is used to separate the signals. This separation is here done based on predefined values by using the LabVIEW tool. And also the FIR filter has been designed and simulated using Xilinx ISE 12.1 and implemented in Spartan 3 Family FPGA.
Energy conservation of the sensor nodes is a burning issue and a central problem to the development of a large scale wireless sensor network. Many schemes have been developed to address this problem. However, duty cyc...
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Energy conservation of the sensor nodes is a burning issue and a central problem to the development of a large scale wireless sensor network. Many schemes have been developed to address this problem. However, duty cycling is one of the most efficient schemes for energy saving, which is especially applied for a densely deployed network. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme for duty cycle, which implements an adaptive sleep / wake up strategies in efficient manner. This is an adaptive algorithm which takes decisions on the basis of the current status of the sensor network with the aim of covering each and every activity in the area of interest at each instance of time. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
With the prosperity of e-commerce, on-line vendors use recommendation systems in different fields. Classic recommendation algorithms are designed assuming that data is stationary and will not change over time. However...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479959525
With the prosperity of e-commerce, on-line vendors use recommendation systems in different fields. Classic recommendation algorithms are designed assuming that data is stationary and will not change over time. However, since the scale and variability of data are growing gradually, these methods will encounter the issues of the memory deficient and the out-of-date model, which degrade the recommendation accuracy intensively. In addition, retraining the whole model for every new arrival record results in high complexity. In this paper we propose a light-weight adaptive updating method to overcome these issues. Comparing with the explicit feedback recommendation, which asks the customers to express their opinions on the recommended items, the implicit feedback recommendation is easier to collect and non-intrusive way. However, the dynamic time-variant system with implicit feedback has not been seen in the literature. In this paper, we propose a real-time incremental updating algorithm (RI-SGD) to deal with time-variant systems based on the implicit feedback. We compare our method with methods that retraining the whole model and show that our method costs less than 1% of the retraining time with a competitive accuracy.
The real-time compressive tracking algorithm, proposed by Kaihua Zhang etc. in 2012, is real-time and robust. Butthis algorithm may lead to object tracking losing in some complex environments, such as pose variation, ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479918430
The real-time compressive tracking algorithm, proposed by Kaihua Zhang etc. in 2012, is real-time and robust. Butthis algorithm may lead to object tracking losing in some complex environments, such as pose variation, illumination change, occlusion, and motion blur etc.. This paper improves the compressive tracking algorithm in two aspects: (1) we propose a self-adaptive method for learning parameter of the compressive tracking algorithm to enhance the robustness;(2) To solve the problem of losing tracking object, we propose a method using cosine algorithm to judge whether the object is lost and retrieve the lost object again. A number of video object tracking experiments show that the improved algorithm is more effective and efficient.
The paper discusses the design, simulation and performance analysis of an adaptive filter based on Recursive Least Squares (RLS) algorithm with the main focus on mitigating the effect of multipath. The underwater acou...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509025114
The paper discusses the design, simulation and performance analysis of an adaptive filter based on Recursive Least Squares (RLS) algorithm with the main focus on mitigating the effect of multipath. The underwater acoustic channels are characterized by time-varying multipath propagation with large delay spreads which introduces severe intersymbol interference which can be equalized with the use of an adaptive filter. The filter behaviour is studied by simulating the multipath channel characteristics. The paper also analyzes the performance of the designed RLS adaptive filter in comparison to its Least Mean Square (LMS) counterpart.
In the context of smart grid, is desired a safe and correct functionality of the relay protection, by rapid fault isolation and ensure continuous supply of electricity to consumers. Implementing smarter protection as ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479917808
In the context of smart grid, is desired a safe and correct functionality of the relay protection, by rapid fault isolation and ensure continuous supply of electricity to consumers. Implementing smarter protection as adaptive protection is one way of tackling some of the performance issues. The variable nature of the fault resistance in certain situations influence the distance protection, even if the distance protection, through polygon feature, allows sufficient arc reserve. To ensure proper functionality of the distance protection of double circuit lines, in the case of two phase faults with high resistance fault, the paper proposes an impedance correction algorithm, in order to compensate the influence of the reactance effect. Considering the measured currents and voltages from the local distance protection, the deviation vector is calculated and used for changing the position of the fault impedance in the R-X plane. As a result, the fast tripping command is initiated for faults with high resistance in the zone 1 or blocked for faults in the zone 2.
While wearable devices are equipped with small battery, the amount of data that they send and receive has already exceeded the capacity of the energy efficient link technologies (e.g., Bluetooth Low Energy). Existing ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467367707
While wearable devices are equipped with small battery, the amount of data that they send and receive has already exceeded the capacity of the energy efficient link technologies (e.g., Bluetooth Low Energy). Existing higher capacity link (e.g., Bluetooth Classic, WiFi) however requires high connection setup cost. To deal with this dilemma, we propose to bundle multiple data transmission requests and send the aggregated data at once to reduce energy consumption for link setup. Where the concept of bundling has been widely used for cloud storage services, existing schemes do not consider energy efficiency. In this paper, we present three bundling algorithms that try to balance the reduction of energy consumption and the extension of delivery delay by adapting to the current data request pattern. We perform extensive evaluation by using the realistic parameters that are obtained via experimental measurements by using a latest commercial smart watch.
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