Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) may be helpful in suggesting tumor histology and tumor grade and may better define tumor extension and the ideal site for biopsy compared with conventional magnetic reson...
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Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) may be helpful in suggesting tumor histology and tumor grade and may better define tumor extension and the ideal site for biopsy compared with conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. A multifunctional approach with diffusion-weighted imaging, perfusion-weighted imaging, and permeability maps, along with H-MRS, may enhance the accuracy of the diagnosis and characterization of braintumors and estimation of therapeutic response. Integration of advanced imaging techniques with conventional MR imaging and the clinical history help to improve the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in differentiating tumors and nonneoplastic lesions.
Some braintumors results are interesting due to their rarity at presentation and overwhelming imaging characteristics, posing a diagnostic challenge in the eyes of any experienced neuroradiologist. This article focus...
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Some braintumors results are interesting due to their rarity at presentation and overwhelming imaging characteristics, posing a diagnostic challenge in the eyes of any experienced neuroradiologist. This article focuses on the most important features regarding epidemiology, location, clinical presentation, histopathology, and imaging findings of cases considered "bizarre." A review of the most recent literature dealing with these unusual tumors and pseudotumors is presented, highlighting key points related to the diagnosis, treatments, outcomes, and differential diagnosis.
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) may be helpful in suggesting tumor histology and tumor grade and may better define tumor extension and the ideal site for biopsy compared with conventional magnetic reson...
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Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) may be helpful in suggesting tumor histology and tumor grade and may better define tumor extension and the ideal site for biopsy compared with conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. A multifunctional approach with diffusion-weighted imaging, perfusion-weighted imaging, and permeability maps, along with H-MRS, may enhance the accuracy of the diagnosis and characterization of braintumors and estimation of therapeutic response. Integration of advanced imaging techniques with conventional MR imaging and the clinical history help to improve the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in differentiating tumors and nonneoplastic lesions.
Environmental air pollutants (black carbon (BC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter with diameter < 2.5 mu m (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter with diameter <10 mu m (PM10), and ozone (O...
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Environmental air pollutants (black carbon (BC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter with diameter < 2.5 mu m (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter with diameter <10 mu m (PM10), and ozone (O-3)) are one of the major menaces to mankind's health globally. This analysis reviews the association between exposure to these air pollutants and the chance of developing braintumors in adults (total braintumors, malignant braintumors, and benign braintumors). Studies published by April 2022 were searched. Raw effect sizes were converted to standardized effect sizes per 10 mu g/m(3) increase. Random effect models were applied to calculate combined effect size and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed. A total of 8 articles were included for meta-analysis. The pooled effect size (ES) for per 10 mu g/m(3) BC intake was 1.67 (95% CI: 1.25, 2.22), P = 0.449. For every 10 mu g/m3 rise in NO(2 )concentration, ES was 1.03 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.05), P = 0.319. Meanwhile, there was a boundary association between NOx and adult brain tumors (ES and 95% CI: 1.01;1.00, 1.01/10 mu g/m(3);P = 0.716). While there was no conjunction between PM2.5, PM10, O-3 (PM2.5: ES and 95% CI: 1.04;0.99, 1.08/10 mu g/m3;P = 0.834;PM10: ES and 95% CI: 1.01;0.97, 1.04/10 mu g/m(3);P = 0.627;O3: ES and 95% CI: 0.97;0.94, 1.00/10 mu g/m(3);P = 0.253). This research shows testimony of a significant link between air pollutants and braintumors in adults, especially when exposed to BC, NO2, and NOx. This evidence emphasizes the importance of improving air quality as part of a comprehensive approach to prevent the occurrence and deterioration of braintumors.
Background Although radiation therapy (RT) contributes to survival benefit in many brain tumor patients, it has also been associated with long-term brain injury. Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) represent an important mani...
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Background Although radiation therapy (RT) contributes to survival benefit in many brain tumor patients, it has also been associated with long-term brain injury. Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) represent an important manifestation of radiation-related injury. Purpose To characterize the change in size and number of CMBs over time and to evaluate their relationship to white matter structural integrity as measured using diffusion MRI indices. Study Type Longitudinal, retrospective, human cohort. Population In all, 113 brain tumor patients including patients treated with focal RT (n = 91, 80.5%) and a subset of nonirradiated controls (n = 22, 19.5%). Field Strength/Sequence Single and multiecho susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) and multiband, shell, and direction diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at 7 T. Assessment Patients were scanned either once or serially. CMBs were detected and quantified on SWI images using a semiautomated approach. Local and global fractional anisotropy (FA) were measured from DTI data for a subset of 35 patients. Statistical Tests Potential risk factors for CMB development were determined by multivariate linear regression and using linear mixed-effect models. Longitudinal FA was quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated for trends. Results All patients scanned at 1 or more years post-RT had CMBs. A history of multiple surgical resections was a risk factor for development of CMBs. The total number and volume of CMBs increased by 18% and 11% per year, respectively, although individual CMBs decreased in volume over time. Simultaneous to these microvascular changes, FA decreased by a median of 6.5% per year. While the majority of nonirradiated controls had no CMBs, four control patients presented with fewer than five CMBs. Data Conclusion Identifying patients who are at the greatest risk for CMB development, with its likely associated long-term cognitive impairment, is an important step towards developing and piloting preventative and/or rehabilitat
Central nervous system (CNS) tumors represent the most frequent solid tumors among adolescents and children, and the leading cause of cancer-related death in men < 40 and women < 20 years of age. braintumors ar...
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Central nervous system (CNS) tumors represent the most frequent solid tumors among adolescents and children, and the leading cause of cancer-related death in men < 40 and women < 20 years of age. braintumors are challenging to diagnose, monitor, and treat. The current diagnostic approach involves magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), tumor histology, molecular characterization and cytologic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, surgical procedures pose potential risks to the patient's health, not achieving good accuracy. For these reasons, it is crucial to identify new non-invasive disease biomarkers to improve patients' stratification at diagnosis and during follow-up and prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short RNA molecules that have been demonstrated in numerous studies to be dysregulated in brain tumor patients. As a result, they may be used as biomarkers of braintumors. Additionally, miRNAs can be analyzed in liquid biopsy samples, such as blood and CSF, providing a non-invasive source of biomolecular data on patients' disease status. This review aims to highlight the role of miRNAs in liquid biopsy, also known as circulating miRNAs, as potential non-invasive cancer biomarkers in both adult and pediatric populations and to suggest their potential impact on clinical trials.
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common adult primary brain tumor and is comprised of a heterogeneous population of cells. It is unclear which cells within the tumor mass are responsible for tumor initiation ...
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Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common adult primary brain tumor and is comprised of a heterogeneous population of cells. It is unclear which cells within the tumor mass are responsible for tumor initiation and maintenance. In this study, we report that brain tumor stem cells can be identified from adult GBMs. These tumor stem cells form neurospheres, possess the capacity for self-renewal, express genes associated with neural stem cells (NSCs), generate daughter cells of different phenotypes from one mother cell, and differentiate into the phenotypically diverse populations of cells similar to those present in the initial GBM. Having a distinguishing feature from normal NSCs, these tumor stem cells can reform spheres even after the induction of differentiation. Furthermore, only these tumor stem cells were able to form tumors and generate both neurons and glial cells after in vivo implantation into nude mice. The identification of tumor stem cells within adult GBM may represent a major step forward in understanding the origin and maintenance of GBM and lead to the identification and testing of new therapeutic targets.
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