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Nearest Kronecker product decomposition based multichannel filtered-x affine projection algorithm for active noise control

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MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 2025年 224卷

作者： Li, Lei Wang, Shiyuan Bhattacharjee, Sankha Subhra Jensen, Jesper Rindom Christensen, Mads Graesboll Southwest Univ Coll Elect & Informat Engn Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China Aalborg Univ Dept Elect Syst Audio Anal Lab DK-9000 Aalborg Denmark

The filtered-x affine projection (FxAP) algorithm is an appealing choice for active noise control (ANC) systems. The main reason for its popularity is its fast convergence rate, especially for correlated input signals. However, this algorithm has a high computational complexity when the length of the filter is long. In this paper, we focus on a nearest Kronecker product decomposition method to improve the efficiency of the FxAP algorithm. The basic idea is to decompose a long filter into several short filters and then update the filter coefficients separately. Besides the development of the FxAP algorithm based on the nearest Kronecker product decomposition, we also propose a partially update strategy to further reduce the computational burden. Then, the computational complexity of the proposed algorithms is analyzed and compared with the original FxAP algorithm. Finally, simulation results show the advantages of the proposed algorithms for simulated and real acoustic paths in multichannel ANC systems.

关键词： Active noise control Nearest Kronecker product affine projection algorithm Low-rank system Partial update strategy

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affine projection algorithm with selective projections

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SIGNAL PROCESSING 2012年第9期92卷 2253-2263页

作者： Arablouei, Reza Dogancay, Kutluyil Univ S Australia Inst Telecommun Res Mawson Lakes SA 5095 Australia Univ S Australia Sch Elect & Informat Engn Mawson Lakes SA 5095 Australia

In the affine projection adaptive filtering algorithm, convergence is sped up by increasing the projection order but with an unwelcome consequence of increased steady-state misalignment. To address this unfavorable compromise, we propose a new affine projection algorithm with selective projections. This algorithm adaptively changes the projection order according to the estimated variance of the filter output error. The error variance is estimated using exponential window averaging with a variable forgetting factor and a simple moving averaging technique. The input regressors are selected according to two different criteria to update the filter coefficients at each iteration. Simulations, carried out for different adaptive filtering applications, demonstrate that the new algorithm provides fast initial convergence and low steady-state misalignment without necessarily trading off one for the other in addition to a significant reduction in average computational complexity. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adaptive filtering affine projection algorithm Selective projections Error variance estimation

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affine projection algorithm Over Acoustic Sensor Networks for Active Noise Control

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IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON AUDIO SPEECH AND LANGUAGE PROCESSING 2021年 29卷 448-461页

作者： Ferrer, Miguel de Diego, Maria Pinero, Gema Gonzalez, Alberto Univ Politecn Valencia UPV Inst Telecommun & Multimedia Applicat iTEAM Valencia 46022 Spain

Acoustic sensor networks (ASNs) are an effective solution to implement active noise control (ANC) systems by using distributed adaptive algorithms. On one hand, ASNs provide scalable systems where the signal processing load is distributed among the network nodes. On the other hand, their noise reduction performance is comparable to that of their respective centralized processing systems. In this sense, the distributed multiple error filtered-x least mean squares (DMEFxLMS) adaptive algorithm has shown to obtain the same performance than its centralized counterpart as long as there are no communications constraints in the underlying ASN. Regarding affine projection (AP) adaptive algorithms, some distributed approaches that are approximated versions of the multichannel filtered-x affine projection (MFxAP) algorithm have been previously proposed. These AP algorithms can efficiently share the processing load among the nodes, but at the expense of worsening their convergence properties. In this paper we develop the exact distributed multichannel filtered-x AP (EFxAP) algorithm, which obtains the same solution as that of the MFxAP algorithm as long as there are no communications constraints in the underlying ASN. In the EFxAP algorithm each node can compute a part or the entire inverse matrix needed by the centralized MFxAP algorithm. Thus, we propose three different strategies that obtain significant computational saving: 1) Gauss Elimination, 2) block LU factorization, and 3) matrix inversion lemma. As a result, each node computes only between 25%-60% of the number of multiplications required by the direct inversion of the matrix. Regarding the performance in transient and steady states, the EFxAP exhibits the fastest convergence and the highest noise level reduction for any size of the acoustic network and any projection order of the AP algorithm compared to the DMEFxLMS and two previously reported distributed AP algorithms.

关键词： Microphones Signal processing algorithms Loudspeakers Acoustics Approximation algorithms Actuators Convergence Active noise control acoustic sensor networks affine projection algorithm distributed algorithms adaptive filters

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affine projection algorithm based adaptive control scheme for operation of variable-speed wind generator

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2015年第16期9卷 2611-2616页

作者： Hasanien, Hany M. Muyeen, S. M. Ain Shams Univ Elect Power & Machines Dept Fac Engn Cairo 11517 Egypt Petr Inst Dept Elect Engn Abu Dhabi 2533 U Arab Emirates

This study presents a novel adaptive control scheme for variable-speed wind turbine (VSWT) driven permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) to ensure its operation under different operating conditions. The adaptive control scheme is based on the affine projection algorithm (APA) which provides a faster convergence and less computational complexity than the least-mean-square algorithm. The proposed adaptive controller is used to control both the generator-side converter and the grid-side inverter without giving additional tuning efforts. Each vector control scheme for the converter/inverter has four APA-based adaptive proportional-integral (PI) controllers. Detailed modelling and the control strategies of the system under study are demonstrated. Real wind speed data extracted from Hokkaido island, Japan is used in this study. The dynamic characteristics of a grid-connected VSWT-PMSG are investigated in details to ensure the proposed controller operation under different operating conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed adaptive controller is compared with that obtained using optimised PI controllers by Taguchi method. The validity of the adaptive vector control scheme is verified by the simulation results which are performed using PSCAD/EMTDC environment.

关键词： wind power plants wind turbines permanent magnet generators synchronous generators machine vector control power generation control adaptive control PI control Taguchi methods power grids invertors power engineering education control engineering computing angular velocity control affine projection algorithm adaptive vector control scheme variable-speed wind turbine driven permanent magnet synchronous generator grid-connected VSWT-PMSG computational complexity generator-side converter grid-side inverter APA-based adaptive proportional-integral controllers Hokkaido island Japan dynamic characteristics optimised PI controllers Taguchi method PSCAD environment EMTDC environment

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affine projection algorithm Based on Least Mean Fourth algorithm for System Identification

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IEEE ACCESS 2020年 8卷 11930-11938页

作者： Wang, Xiaoding Han, Jun Zhejiang Univ Ocean Coll Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China

In the field of signal processing such as system identification, the affine projection algorithm (APA) is extensively implemented. However, running such algorithms in a non-Gaussian scenario may degrade its performance, since the second-order moment cannot extract all information from the signal. To prevent performance degradation of the algorithm in system identification tasks, we propose a novel APA based on least mean fourth (LMF) algorithm. The new algorithm, namely affine projection least mean fourth algorithm (APLMFA) is based on the high-order error power (HOEP) criterion and as such, can achieve improved performance. We also provide a convergence analysis for APLMFA. Numerical simulation results verify the presented APLMFA achieves smaller steady-state error as compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms.

关键词： affine projection algorithm least mean fourth algorithm high-order error power criterion system identification

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affine projection algorithm for Censored Regression

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS 2021年第12期68卷 3602-3606页

作者： Zhao, Haiquan Zhao, Feng Wang, Gen Zhou, Lijun Song, Pucha Southwest Jiaotong Univ Key Lab Magnet Suspens Technol & Maglev Vehicle Minist Educ Chengdu 610031 Peoples R China Southwest Jiaotong Univ Sch Elect Engn Chengdu 610031 Peoples R China

Non-Gaussian colored input signal and censored observation are encountered frequently in many practical applications of adaptive signal processing. Conventional adaptive algorithms will face convergence performance degradation in such cases. To address the issue, the affine projection algorithm for censored regression (CR-APA) is proposed in this brief. The censored thresholds and the variance of the background noise are regarded as the prior knowledge to compensate for the bias caused by censored observation. By theoretical analysis, the range of the step size is derived to guarantee the stabilization of the CR-APA. Besides, the method of evolving projection order is employed to improve the convergence performance of the CR-APA. Computer simulations in system identification and echo cancellation applications are performed to demonstrate the better convergence performance of the proposed algorithms in censored data processing over competing algorithms, and to verify the improvement of the CR-APA by the method of evolving projection order. The proposed CR-APA and CR-EAPA can be used in engineering applications to make up for the hardware.

关键词： Signal processing algorithms Convergence Adaptation models Computational modeling projection algorithms Noise measurement System identification Censored regression affine projection algorithm adaptive filter evolving order

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affine projection algorithm with Variable projection Order

Affine Projection Algorithm with Variable Projection Order

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IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)

作者： Arablouei, Reza Dogancay, Kutluyil Univ S Australia Inst Telecommun Res Mawson Lakes Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781457720536

Increasing the projection order in the affine projection adaptive filtering algorithm speeds up the convergence but also increases the steady-state misalignment. To address this unfavorable compromise, we propose a new affine projection algorithm with a variable projection order. This algorithm adaptively changes the projection order according to the estimated variance of the filter output error. The error variance is estimated using the exponential window and moving averaging techniques and employing a variable forgetting factor. Simulations demonstrate that the new algorithm provides fast initial convergence and low steady-state misalignment without necessarily trading off one for the other in addition to a significant reduction in average computational complexity.

关键词： adaptive filtering affine projection algorithm variable projection order error variance estimation

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affine projection algorithm for blind multiuser equalisation of downlink DS-CDMA system

Affine projection algorithm for blind multiuser equalisation...

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39th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers

作者： Hadef, Mahmoud Bendoukha, Samir Weiss, Stephan Rupp, Markus Univ Southampton Commun Res Grp Sch Elect & Comp Sci Southampton SO17 1BJ Hants England

In this paper, we derive an affine projection algorithm (APA) for blind multiuser equalisation, suitable for downlink DS-CDMA systems. Adaptation is performed by minimising a cost function based on the constant modulu... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)1424401313

关键词： blind equalisation affine projection algorithm constant modulus criterion downlink DS-CDMA

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Fast generalized affine projection algorithm

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADAPTIVE CONTROL AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 2000年第6期14卷 623-641页

作者： Sankaran, SG Beex, AA Virginia Tech Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn DSP Res Lab Syst Grp Blacksburg VA 24061 USA

The affine projection algorithm (APA), and the entire class of algorithms equivalent to APA, attempts to accelerate the convergence of the normalized least-mean-squares (NLMS) algorithm by adapting weights based on past input vectors in addition to the usual NLMS adaptation based on the current input vector. Before deriving a fast version of it, we review our generalized APA algorithm called NLMS with orthogonal correction factors (NLMS-OCF). NLMS-OCF provides complete flexibility in choosing the past input vectors. This flexibility provides improved convergence over the APA and its equivalents. A fast version of NLMS-OCF is then derived which uses a lattice-based forward-backward predictor. The significant convergence properties of NLMS-OCF are summarized. Simulation results that compare NLMS-OCF and APA are presented. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： affine projection algorithm NLMS with orthogonal correction factors NLMS-OCF fast affine projection algorithm fast orthogonalization acoustic echo cancellation

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A Theory on the Convergence Behavior of the affine projection algorithm

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING 2011年第12期59卷 6233-6239页

作者： Kim, Seong-Eun Lee, Jae-Woo Song, Woo-Jin Pohang Univ Sci & Technol POSTECH Educ Inst Future Informat Technol Pohang 790784 South Korea Pohang Univ Sci & Technol POSTECH Div Elect & Comp Engn Pohang 790784 South Korea

In this paper, we present a theoretical convergence analysis of the affine projection algorithm (APA) based on the arguments of energy conservation. Although the APA and its convergence analysis have been widely studied, the dependency of weight-error vector on past noise is usually neglected for simplicity. To obtain accurate theoretical results for the APA, we here consider the dependency between the weight-error vector and past noise in the mean-square analysis presented by Shin and Sayed in ["Mean-square performance of a family of affine projection algorithms," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 90-102, January 2004]. Through this work, we can also theoretically analyze the behavior of the periodic APA, which updates its weights periodically. Simulation results show that our theoretical results coincide closely with simulations.

关键词： Adaptive filter affine projection algorithm energy-conservation mean-square performance analysis

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