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To what extent the medical device software regulations can be achieved with agile software development methods? XP-DSDM-Scrum

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JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING 2019年第8期75卷 5227-5260页

作者： Ozcan-Top, Ozden McCaffery, Fergal Dundalk Inst Technol Regulated Software Res Ctr Dundalk Ireland Lero Limerick Ireland STATSports Grp Newry Ireland

For medical device software development organizations, it is very challenging to maintain both conformance to the strict regulatory requirements enforced by the safety-critical nature of the domain and achieve efficiency in software development. agile software development methods provide promising solutions to overcome the efficiency issues and the challenges of traditional software development approaches in the domain. Previously, we investigated to what extent the regulatory requirements defined in MDevSPICE (R) (the software process assessment framework for medical device software development) are met through using eXtreme Programming (XP) and Scrum and what additional practices have to be performed to ensure safety and regulatory compliance in the medical device software development domain. In this paper, we extended the research to include the Dynamic Systems development Method (DSDM) which covers the whole software development life cycle. Here, we provide a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of XP's and DSDM's suitability for medical device software development and briefly discuss Scrum from the same perspective. We provide the coverage ratios of processes and practices defined in MDevSPICE (R) when these agile software development methods are implemented.

关键词： Medical domain Medical software MDevSPICE (R) XP DSDM Scrum Safety-critical domain agile software development

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Examining decision characteristics & challenges for agile software development

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND software 2017年 131卷 248-265页

作者： Drury-Grogan, Meghann L. Conboy, Kieran Acton, Tom Fordham Univ Gabelli Sch Business Commun & Med Management Hughes HallRm 513 441 East Fordham Rd Bronx NY 10458 USA Natl Univ Ireland Business Informat Syst Grp JE Cairnes Sch Business & Econ Univ Rd Galway Ireland

Although agile software development is often associated with improved decision making, existing studies tend to focus on narrow aspects of decision making in such environments. There is a lack of clarity on how teams make and evaluate a myriad of decisions from software feature inception to product delivery and refinement. Indeed there is relatively little known about a) the decision characteristics related to agile values, and b) the challenges they present for decision making on agile teams. We present an in-depth exploratory case study based on a pluralistic approach comprising semi-structured interviews, focus groups, team meeting observations, and document analysis. The study identifies failings of decision making in an agile setting. Explicitly considering the decision process, information intelligence used in decision making, and decision quality, the key contribution of this paper is the development of an overarching framework of agile decision making, which identifies particular decision characteristics across 4 key agile values and the related challenges for agile team decision making. It provides a framework for researchers and practitioners to evaluate the decision challenges of an agile software development team and to improve decision quality. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： agile software development agile decision making Decision characteristics Decision process Decision intelligence Decision quality

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Exploring principles of user-centered agile software development: A literature review

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INFORMATION AND software TECHNOLOGY 2015年 61卷 163-181页

作者： Brhel, Manuel Meth, Hendrik Maedche, Alexander Werder, Karl Univ Mannheim Chair Informat Syst 4 D-68131 Mannheim Germany Univ Mannheim Inst Enterprise Syst D-68131 Mannheim Germany

Context: In the last decade, software development has been characterized by two major approaches: agile software development, which aims to achieve increased velocity and flexibility during the development process, and user-centered design, which places the goals and needs of the system's end-users at the center of software development in order to deliver software with appropriate usability. Hybrid development models, referred to as user-centered agile software development (UCASD) in this article, propose to combine the merits of both approaches in order to design software that is both useful and usable. Objective: This paper aims to capture the current state of the art in UCASD approaches and to derive generic principles from these approaches. More specifically, we investigate the following research question: Which principles constitute a user-centered agile software development approach? Method: We conduct a systematic review of the literature on UCASD. Identified works are analyzed using a coding scheme that differentiates four levels of UCASD: the process, practices, people/social and technology dimensions. Through subsequent synthesis, we derive generic principles of UCASD. Results: We identified and analyzed 83 relevant publications. The analysis resulted in a comprehensive coding system and five principles for UCASD: (1) separate product discovery and product creation, (2) iterative and incremental design and development, (3) parallel interwoven creation tracks, (4) continuous stakeholder involvement, and (5) artifact-mediated communication. Conclusion: Our paper contributes to the software development body of knowledge by (1) providing a broad overview of existing works in the area of UCASD, (2) deriving an analysis framework (in form a coding system) for works in this area, going beyond former classifications, and (3) identifying generic principles of UCASD and associating them with specific practices and processes. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： agile software development User-centered design Systematic literature review

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Systematic literature reviews in agile software development: A tertiary study

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INFORMATION AND software TECHNOLOGY 2017年 85卷 60-70页

作者： Hoda, Rashina Salleh, Norsaremah Grundy, John Tee, Hui Mien Univ Auckland SEPTA Res Elect & Comp Engn Bldg 903368 Khyber Pass Auckland 1023 New Zealand Int Islamic Univ Malaysia Dept Comp Sci Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Deakin Univ Sch Informat Technol Melbourne Vic Australia

Context A number of systematic literature reviews and mapping studies (SLRs) covering numerous primary research studies on various aspects of agile software development (ASD) exist. Objective: The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the SLRs on ASD research topics for software engineering researchers and practitioners. Method: We followed the tertiary study guidelines by Kitchenham et al. to find SLRs published between late 1990s to December 2015. Results: We found 28 SLRs focusing on ten different ASD research areas: adoption, methods, practices, human and social aspects, CMMI, usability, global software engineering (GSE), organizational agility, embedded systems, and software product line engineering. The number of SLRs on ASD topics, similar to those on software engineering (SE) topics in general, is on the rise. A majority of the SLRs applied standardized guidelines and the quality of these SLRs on ASD topics was found to be slightly higher for journal publications than for conferences. While some individuals and institutions seem to lead this area, the spread of authors and institutions is wide. With respect to prior review recommendations, significant progress was noticed in the area of connecting agile to established domains such as usability, CMMI, and GSE;and considerable progress was observed in focusing on management-oriented approaches as Scrum and sustaining ASD in different contexts such as embedded systems. Conclusion: SLRs of ASD studies are on the rise and cover a variety of ASD aspects, ranging from early adoption issues to newer applications of ASD such as in product line engineering. ASD research can benefit from further primary and secondary studies on evaluating benefits and challenges of ASD methods, agile hybrids in large-scale setups, sustainability, motivation, teamwork, and project management;as well as a fresh review of empirical studies in ASD to cover the period post 2008. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： agile software development Tertiary study Systematic literature reviews Mapping study

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A conceptual model of agile software development in a safety-critical context: A systematic literature review

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INFORMATION AND software TECHNOLOGY 2018年 103卷 22-39页

作者： Heeager, Lise Tordrup Nielsen, Peter Axel Aarhus Univ Dept Management Aarhus Denmark Aalborg Univ Dept Comp Sci Aalborg Denmark

Context: Safety-critical software systems are increasingly being used in new application areas, such as personal medical devices, traffic control, and detection of pathogens. A current research debate is regarding whether safety-critical systems are better developed with traditional waterfall processes or agile processes that are purportedly faster and promise to lead to better products. Objective: To identify the issues and disputes in agile development of safety-critical software and the key qualities as found in the extant research literature. Method: We conducted a systematic literature review as an interpretive study following a research design to search, assess, extract, group, and understand the results of the found studies. Results: There are key issues and propositions that we elicit from the literature and combine into a conceptual model for understanding the foundational challenges of agile software development of safety-critical systems. The conceptual model consists of four problematic practice areas and five relationships, which we find to be even more important than the problematic areas. From this review, we suggest that there are important research gaps that need to be investigated. Conclusions: We suggest that future research should have a primary focus on the relationships in the resulting conceptual model and specifically on the dynamics of the field as a whole, on incremental versus iterative development, and on how to create value with minimal but sufficient effort.

关键词： agile software development agile processes software development Safety-critical software systems Systematic literature review Interpretive literature review

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Knowledge Management Strategies and Processes in agile software development: A Systematic Literature Review

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF software ENGINEERING AND KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING 2019年第3期29卷 345-380页

作者： Ouriques, Raquel Andrade Barros Wnuk, Krzysztof Gorschek, Tony Svensson, Richard Berntsson Blekinge Inst Technol Software Engn Dept Valhallavagen 1 S-37142 Karlskrona Sweden Chalmers Univ Gothenburg Dept Comp Sci & Engn Gothenburg Sweden

Knowledge-intensive companies that adopt agile software development (ASD) rely on efficient implementation of Knowledge Management (KM) strategies to promote different Knowledge Processes (KPs) to gain competitive advantage. This study aims to explore how companies that adopt ASD implement KM strategies utilizing practices that promote the KPs in the different organizational layers. Through a systematic literature review, we analyzed 32 primary studies, selected by automated search and snowballing in the extant literature. To analyze the data, we applied narrative synthesis. Most of the identified KM practices implement personalization strategies (81%), supported by codification (19%). Our review shows that the primary studies do not report KM practices in the strategic layer and two of them in the product portfolio layer;on the other hand, in the project layer, the studies report 33 practices that implement personalization strategy, and seven practices that implement codification. KM strategies in ASD promote mainly the knowledge transfer process with practices that stimulates social interaction to share tacit knowledge in the project layer. As a result of using informal communication, a significant amount of knowledge can be lost or not properly transferred to other individuals and, instead of propagating the knowledge, it remains inside a few individuals' minds.

关键词： Knowledge management agile software development knowledge processes

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Analyzing the concept of technical debt in the context of agile software development: A systematic literature review

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INFORMATION AND software TECHNOLOGY 2017年 82卷 139-158页

作者： Behutiye, Woubshet Nema Rodriguez, Pilar Oivo, Markku Tosun, Ayse Univ Oulu Oulu Finland Istanbul Tech Univ Fac Comp Engn & Informat Sariyer Turkey

Context: Technical debt (TD) is a metaphor that is used to communicate the consequences of poor software development practices to non-technical stakeholders. In recent years, it has gained significant attention in agile software development (ASD). Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze and synthesize the state of the art of TD, and its causes, consequences, and management strategies in the context of ASD. Research Method: Using a systematic literature review (SLR), 38 primary studies, out of 346 studies, were identified and analyzed. Results: We found five research areas of interest related to the literature of TD in ASD. Among those areas, "managing TD in ASD" received the highest attention, followed by "architecture in ASD and its relationship with TD". In addition, eight categories regarding the causes and five categories regarding the consequences of incurring TD in ASD were identified. "Focus on quick delivery" and "architectural and design issues" were the most popular causes of incurring TD in ASD. "Reduced productivity", "system degradation" and "increased maintenance cost" were identified as significant consequences of incurring TD in ASD. Additionally, we found 12 strategies for managing TD in the context of ASD, out of which "refactoring" and "enhancing the visibility of TD" were the most significant. Conclusion: The results of this study provide a structured synthesis of TD and its management in the context of ASD as well as potential research areas for further investigation. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Technical debt agile software development Technical debt management Systematic literature review

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A Qualitative Study on Non-Functional Requirements in agile software development

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IEEE ACCESS 2021年 9卷 40458-40475页

作者： Jarzebowicz, Aleksander Weichbroth, Pawel Gdansk Univ Technol Fac Elect Telecommun & Informat Dept Software Engn PL-80233 Gdansk Poland

Context: Widespread use of agile software development (ASD) methods can be observed nowadays. Non-functional requirements (NFRs) are often reported to be a problematic issue for agile projects, since ASD methods tend to neglect NFRs while focusing on incremental delivery of functional features. Despite that, only very few studies have explored the requirements engineering practices used in ASD and dedicated particularly to NFRs. Objective: We aimed to identify and investigate the practices used in industrial ASD projects to identify, elicit and document NFRs. Method: We conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) and used its findings to prepare an interview guide. We then conducted a series of semi-structured interviews with 10 experienced practitioners. Results: The SLR revealed a number of strategies related to the timing of NFR identification as well as 13 elicitation practices and 20 documentation techniques. At least some of these findings show discrepancies between ASD theory and practice. The interviews provided a more in-depth understanding of the practices used, and their context. The main findings from the interviews include: practitioners' attempts to start identifying NFRs early in the project, a lack of elicitation techniques aimed at NFRs only, and different choices about documentation techniques, including the additional techniques introduced to cope specifically with NFRs. Conclusions: It was not confirmed that requirements engineering activities related to NFRs are perceived by ASD practitioners as a problem, as they developed effective practices to deal with this issue. Moreover, our findings show that different approaches to NFRs can be used and give satisfactory results.

关键词： Requirements engineering Documentation software Interviews agile software development Systematics Focusing Requirements engineering non-functional requirements agile software development systematic literature review interviews

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The Rise and Evolution of agile software development

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IEEE software 2018年第5期35卷 58-63页

作者： Hoda, Rashina Salleh, Norsaremah Grundy, John Univ Auckland Software Engn Proc Tools & Applicat SEPTA Res Grp Auckland New Zealand Int Islamic Univ Malaysia Dept Comp Sci Selangor Malaysia Monash Univ Fac Informat Technol Clayton Vic Australia

This article provides a historical overview of agile's main focus areas and a holistic synthesis of its trends. their evolution over the past two decades, and agile's current status and likely future.

关键词： software Prototyping agile software development software Engineering Common agile Practices software Engineering agile software development Market Research Planning agile agile software development software Engineering software development

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Understanding agile software development practices using shared mental models theory

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INFORMATION AND software TECHNOLOGY 2014年第8期56卷 911-921页

作者： Yu, Xiaodan Petter, Stacie Univ Int Business & Econ Sch Informat Technol & Management Beijing Peoples R China Univ Nebraska Coll Informat Sci & Technol Omaha NE 68182 USA

Context: agile software development is an alternative software development methodology that originated from practice to encourage collaboration between developers and users, to leverage rapid development cycles, and to respond to changes in a dynamic environment. Although agile practices are widely used in organizations, academics call for more theoretical research to understand the value of agile software development methodologies. Objective: This study uses shared mental models theory as a lens to examine practices from agile software methodologies to understand how agile practices enable software development teams to work together to complete tasks and work together effectively as a team. Method: A conceptual analysis of specific agile practices was conducted using the lens of shared mental models theory. Three agile practices from Xtreme Programming and Scrum are examined in detail, system metaphor, stand-up meeting, and on-site customer, using shared mental models theory. Results: Examining agile practices using shared mental models theory elucidates how agile practices improve collaboration during the software development process. The results explain how agile practices contribute toward a shared understanding and enhanced collaboration within the software development team. Conclusions: This conceptual analysis demonstrates the value of agile practices in developing shared mental models (i.e. shared understanding) among developers and customers in software development teams. Some agile practices are useful in developing a shared understanding about the tasks to be completed, while other agile practices create shared mental models about team processes and team interactions. To elicit the desired outcomes of agile software development methods, software development teams should consider whether or not agile practices are used in a manner that enhances the team's shared understanding. Using three specific agile practices as examples, this research demonstrates how

关键词： agile software development agile practices Shared mental models theory Extreme programming Scrum

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