Scanning of a natural picture handled by an image processing system always causes a loss of information, i.e., the micro picture elements become uncertain and vague. This is essential when the picture is to be used fo...
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Scanning of a natural picture handled by an image processing system always causes a loss of information, i.e., the micro picture elements become uncertain and vague. This is essential when the picture is to be used for measuring or evaluation of structural parameters. To make the induced uncertainty and vagueness transparent up to the computed results, specifications and procedures from fuzzy set theory are presented and suggested. Especially, distances of pixels are considered. For a demonstration how this uncertainty can influence conclusions from the given picture, the computation of the approximate gradient of a curve is considered.
During the last years so-called free-floating Car Sharing Systems became very popular. These systems in comparison to the conventional Car Sharing Systems allow short one-way trips. Today, the spatial distribution of ...
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During the last years so-called free-floating Car Sharing Systems became very popular. These systems in comparison to the conventional Car Sharing Systems allow short one-way trips. Today, the spatial distribution of vehicles within free-floating Car Sharing Systems is either self-organized, which means it is only dependent on the customer's demand or in a few cases the positioning is manually controlled by system operators. None of the real-life free-floating Car Sharing Systems has a clear defined relocation strategy or is even online optimized based on the current demand. Within this paper several relocation strategies are introduced and categorized. For each category known relocation algorithms are described and evaluated. Also a new integrated two-step model for optimal vehicle positioning and relocation is described in detail. This new approach consists of an offline demand clustering that allows for the prediction of demand and thus the prediction of the optimal future state of spatially available vehicles. The online module of the approach measures the differences between optimal vehicle positioning and current positioning. An optimization algorithm finds optimal relocation strategies if necessary. The main focus of this paper is on the description of the Offline Demand Module.
This paper is concerned with finding an optimal energy storage system (ESS) schedule for peak demand reduction and load-levelling given only the information certainly available to and controllable by the Distribution ...
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This paper is concerned with finding an optimal energy storage system (ESS) schedule for peak demand reduction and load-levelling given only the information certainly available to and controllable by the Distribution Network Operator (DNO) which are the substation demand profile information and the DNO-owned ESS parameters. Methods such as set-point control are usually suboptimal and can create new peaks. Other methods require more parameters and actions than the DNO can fully control to form the basis for optimisation and can be computationally complex. The method presented in this paper uses simple heuristics to find possible optimal operation points for the ESS and improves the solutions found using genetic algorithm optimisation. A case study is presented showing a UK distribution network with a peak capacity violation which is resolved using the method and the results are compared to a closed-loop set-point control method.
The optimized design of low-voltage distribution networks is formulated as a linear mixed-integer programming problem. The formulation, in contrast with earlier work, addresses the problem en bloc, catering both to th...
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The optimized design of low-voltage distribution networks is formulated as a linear mixed-integer programming problem. The formulation, in contrast with earlier work, addresses the problem en bloc, catering both to the constraints representing the requirement that the current carried by a cable must be less than or equal to its current carrying capacity, that is, the thermal rating constraints, and the requirement that the voltage drop from a substation to a node connected to it must be less than or equal to a specified maximum, i. e., voltage regulation constraints. An efficient solution scheme is presented, and computational considerations are discussed. The mathematical model constitutes an indication of the power of mixed integer formulations for modeling many complex engineering problems, while the solution scheme and the computational results show that the branch and bound approach can be a powerful tool for combinatorial optimization.
A new vector quantization technique, called storage- and entropy-constrained multi-stage vector quantization (SECMSVQ) technique, is presented in this paper for the applications of progressive image transmission (PIT)...
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A new vector quantization technique, called storage- and entropy-constrained multi-stage vector quantization (SECMSVQ) technique, is presented in this paper for the applications of progressive image transmission (PIT). In SECMSVQ technique, the rate constraint at each stage of the vector quantizer (VQ), and the storage size of the whole VQ are specified independently before the design. A dynamic programming technique is then used to allocate the storage size to each stage of the VQ optimally so that the quantization distortion of the VQ is minimized. The SECMSVQ is well-suited to construct a PIT system where the transmission time and storage size are the major concerns. Moreover, simulation results show that SECMSVQ technique can be used effectively to implement signal compression systems under the storage and rate constraints.
Scientific and engineering research are often looking in opposite directions. On the one hand, it seems scientifically elegant to cast all knowledge into a general theory of everything [1]. On the other hand, the huge...
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Scientific and engineering research are often looking in opposite directions. On the one hand, it seems scientifically elegant to cast all knowledge into a general theory of everything [1]. On the other hand, the huge progress that is taking place in both theory and technologies naturally imposes specialization and pushes knowledge into very specific and unique languages. Consequently, people from distinct research areas often speak about similar phenomena using different terminologies. This makes their knowledge less portable and harder to disseminate beyond their own communities.
An approach is developed for the spectral factorization of matrix-valued functions. The key idea was first introduced by Georgiou and Khargonekar (see IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr., vol. AC-31, p.345-348, 1986, and SIAM...
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An approach is developed for the spectral factorization of matrix-valued functions. The key idea was first introduced by Georgiou and Khargonekar (see IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr., vol. AC-31, p.345-348, 1986, and SIAM J. Contr. Opt., vol.25, no.3, p.754-766, 1987) where results were obtained for the scalar case. A version of the Nevanlinna-Pick algorithm that applies to matrix-valued functions is used, and results in interpolation theory with matrix-valued functions analytic on the unit disk are incorporated.< >
Complex human-engineered systems involve an interconnection of multiple decision makers (or agents) whose collective behavior depends on a compilation of local decisions that are based on partial information about eac...
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Complex human-engineered systems involve an interconnection of multiple decision makers (or agents) whose collective behavior depends on a compilation of local decisions that are based on partial information about each other and the state of the environment [1]-[4]. Strategic interactions among agents in these systems can be modeled as a multiplayer simultaneous-move game [5]-[8]. The agents involved can have conflicting objectives, and it is natural to make decisions based upon optimizing individual payoffs or costs.
In a two-wire full-duplex ISDN transmission unit, a transversal filter or a lookup table are generally proposed for echo cancellation. Both structures have their advantages and disadvantages. This paper presents a lit...
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In a two-wire full-duplex ISDN transmission unit, a transversal filter or a lookup table are generally proposed for echo cancellation. Both structures have their advantages and disadvantages. This paper presents a little-known intermediate solution, the multistage RAM (m- RAM), which is investigated analytically for the two most common least-mean-square (LMS) adaptive algorithms: the stochastic iteration algorithm (SIA) and the sign algorithm (SA). We try to develop a theory that covers not only these structures and algorithms but also, in general, nonbinary codes. This theory relies on a number of assumptions, the validity of which is discussed. Finally, our results are compared with computer simulations.
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