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design AND PERFORMANCE OF HIGH-GAIN FREE-ELECTRON LASERS WITH GRAZING-INCIDENCE, UNSTABLE RING RESONATORS

IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS 1988年第5期24卷 802-811页

作者： BHOWMIK, A COVER, RA KENNEDY, PK BITTERLY, SE LABBE, RH Rocketdyne Division Rockwell International Corporation Canoga Park CA USA

Grazing incidence, ring resonators have been proposed for high-grain free-electron lasers to alleviate the problem of inordinately high irradiance on intracavity optics. Such resonators are also relatively compact, and consequently, their alignment tolerances are more manageable. A geometric design algorithm and detailed computer analysis of a high-gain free-electron ring laser with hyperboloid-paraboloid grazing incidence telescopes is presented. A 3-D wave optics computer code is used to determine the loaded-cavity transverse-mode characteristics of the high-gain unstable ring and to examine the issue of transverse-mode control as a function of the key resonator parameters. Perturbation sensitivity of the individual elements is also determined and compared to that of a corresponding long stable resonator.< >

关键词： Optical design Free electron lasers Ring lasers Optical ring resonators Optical resonators Geometrical optics Optical sensors algorithm design and analysis Optical computing Telescopes

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An Approach to Subjective Computing: A Robot That Learns From Interaction With Humans (vol 6, pg 5, 2014)

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTONOMOUS MENTAL DEVELOPMENT 2014年第2期6卷 168-168页

作者： Grueneberg, Patrick Suzuki, Kenji Univ Tsukuba Artificial Intelligence Lab Tsukuba Ibaraki 3058573 Japan Tech Univ Berlin Berlin Ctr Knowledge Res D-10623 Berlin Germany Univ Tsukuba Ctr Cybern Res Tsukuba Ibaraki 3058573 Japan Japan Sci & Technol Agcy Kawaguchi Saitama 3320012 Japan

We present an approach to subjective computing for the design of future robots that exhibit more adaptive and flexible behavior in terms of subjective intelligence. Instead of encapsulating subjectivity into higher order states, we show by means of a relational approach how subjective intelligence can be implemented in terms of the reciprocity of autonomous self-referentiality and direct world-coupling. Subjectivity concerns the relational arrangement of an agent's cognitive space. This theoretical concept is narrowed down to the problem of coaching a reinforcement learning agent by means of binary feedback. algorithms are presented that implement subjective computing. The relational characteristic of subjectivity is further confirmed by a questionnaire on human perception of the robot's behavior. The results imply that subjective intelligence cannot be externally observed. In sum, we conclude that subjective intelligence in relational terms is fully tractable and therefore implementable in artificial agents.

关键词： Robots algorithm design and analysis Learning (artificial intelligence) Aerospace electronics Context Intelligent systems Cognition

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2 ANALOG COUNTERS FOR NEURAL NETWORK IMPLEMENTATION

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IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS 1991年第7期26卷 966-974页

作者： MADANI, K GARDA, P BELHAIRE, E DEVOS, F Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale CNRS URA 22 Université de Paris-Sud Orsay France

Analog counters provide incrementation and decrementation operations while using analog storage. Therefore they are an attractive building block for the analog implementation of artificial neural network (ANN) learning algorithms. On the other hand, the mathematical analysis of the learning process of large networks requires a functional model of the analog cells they use. In this paper we first describe a simple charge-transfer-based analog counter. We give a functional model of its behavior, and we analyze the differences between this model and the counter implementation. We also present simulation results and the test of a prototype. Then, along the same lines, we study a switched-current-based counter, which achieves better results (dynamic range, linearity) through higher complexity.

关键词： Counting circuits Neural networks Neurons Artificial neural networks Semiconductor device modeling Biological system modeling Pattern recognition algorithm design and analysis Associate members Mathematical analysis

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A Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery Simulation of Maritime Scene Using the Extended Nonlinear Chirp Scaling algorithm

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS 2013年第3期49卷 2046-2054页

作者： Zhang, Min Zhao, Yan-Wei Zhao, Ye Chen, Hui Xidian Univ Sch Sci Xian 710071 Shaanxi Peoples R China

A bistatic synthetic aperture radar (Bis-SAR) imagery simulation of an extended maritime scene is presented. An efficient facet scattering model is developed to collect the raw coupling scattering data from a ship located on sea surface. Then, to avoid the inefficiency of time-domain algorithms and the azimuth-invariant limit of conventional frequency-domain (FD) methods in the bistatic case, an extended nonlinear chirp scaling (NLCS) algorithm is proposed to handle the bistatic data collected from this facet scattering model. The perfect Bis-SAR simulation results of the ship located on the sea surface could prove the validity of the proposed algorithms as well as the practicability of the model for the Bis-SAR imagery with large squint angle in the FD approach.

关键词： algorithm design and analysis Azimuth Marine vehicles Scattering Sea surface Synthetic aperture radar Transmitters

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Practical considerations for 3-D image reconstruction using spherically symmetric volume elements

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 1996年第1期15卷 68-78页

作者： Matej, S Lewitt, RM SLOVAK ACAD SCI INST MEASUREMENT SCI BRATISLAVA SLOVAKIA

Spherically symmetric volume elements with smooth tapering of the values near their boundaries are alternatives to the more conventional voxels for the construction of volume images in the computer, Their use, instead of voxels, introduces additional parameters which enable the user to control the shape of the volume element (blob) and consequently to control the characteristics of the images produced by iterative methods for reconstruction from projection data, For images composed of blobs, efficient algorithms have been designed for the projection and discrete back-projection operations, which are the crucial parts of iterative reconstruction methods, We have investigated the relationship between the values of the blob parameters and the properties of images represented by the blobs, Experiments show that using blobs in iterative reconstruction methods leads to substantial improvement in the reconstruction performance, based on visual quality and on quantitative measures, in comparison with the voxel case. The images reconstructed using appropriately chosen blobs are characterized by less image noise for both noiseless data and noisy data, without loss of image resolution.

关键词： Image reconstruction Shape control Iterative methods Reconstruction algorithms Smoothing methods Iterative algorithms Biomedical image processing Radiology algorithm design and analysis Image resolution

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analysis OF MULTIFRAME TARGET DETECTION USING PIXEL STATISTICS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS 1995年第1期31卷 238-247页

作者： WEI, P ZEIDLER, J KU, W Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego CA USA

Current track before-detect (TBD) algorithms are developed and analyzed using a path statistic for each potential object trajectory. However this path statistic does not characterize overall performance gain. We propose a pixel-based statistic. This allows the TBD approach to be characterized as an image enhancement algorithm with detection gains compared with single frame detections. It is shown that for the TBD approach to have superior detection over single frame detection the target signal lo noise ratio (SNR) must be greater than a threshold SNR in order to overcome the uncertainty in the target path. Tradeoffs are made for a class of velocity constrained target paths in terms of the detection gain with respect to the maximum target velocity and number of frames integrated.

关键词： Object detection Statistical analysis Statistics Target tracking algorithm design and analysis Trajectory Performance gain Image enhancement Signal to noise ratio Uncertainty

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AN IMPROVEMENT TO MBASIC algorithm FOR 3-D MOTION AND DEPTH ESTIMATION

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING 1994年第5期3卷 711-716页

作者： BOZDAGI, G TEKALP, AM ONURAL, L UNIV ROCHESTER DEPT ELECT ENGNROCHESTERNY 14627

In model-based coding of facial images, the accuracy of motion and depth parameter estimates strongly affects the coding efficiency. MBASIC is a simple and effective iterative algorithm (recently proposed by Aizawa et al.) for 3-D motion and depth estimation when the initial depth estimates are relatively accurate. In this correspondence, we analyze its performance in the presence of errors in the initial depth estimates and propose a modification to MBASIC algorithm that significantly improves its robustness to random errors with only a small increase in the computational load.

关键词： Signal processing algorithms Image coding Motion estimation Iterative algorithms algorithm design and analysis Parameter estimation Image analysis Image communication Performance analysis Robustness

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BOTTLENECKS IN PARALLEL algorithmS FOR POWER-SYSTEM STABILITY analysis

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 1993年第1期8卷 9-15页

作者： CHAI, JS BOSE, A Department of Electrical Engineering Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA Dept. of Electr. Eng. Arizona State Univ. Tempe AZ USA

Research in parallel algorithms for power system stability analysis started over a decade ago but has intensified recently. This experience with new parallel algorithms implemented on actual multiprocessors is starting to highlight the constraints and some clear choices are beginning to emerge. In this paper, Gauss, Newton and relaxed Newton type algorithms are compared showing the last to be the most promising. Different implementation strategies are discussed together with their advantages and disadvantages. One of the algorithms, the Maclaurin-Newton, and much of the implementation techniques, especially the Toroidal method, are presented here for the first time and are shown to be improvements. However, the thrust of the paper is to show the superiority of the relaxed Newton methods and the importance of implementation techniques, the new methods being mere examples to demonstrate this.

关键词： Parallel algorithms Power system stability algorithm design and analysis Power system dynamics Power system security Power system transients Industrial power systems Power system analysis computing Gaussian processes Computer architecture

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MULTIPORT VECTOR NETWORK ANALYZER CALIBRATION - A GENERAL FORMULATION

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES 1994年第12期42卷 2455-2461页

作者： FERRERO, A SANPIETRO, F PISANI, U HEWLETT PACKARD CORP DIV MICROWAVE SYST SANTA ROSA CA USA

An overall calibration theory for Multiport Network Analyzers (MNWA) is presented. A general algorithm is developed to exploit the redundancy inherent in MNWA self-calibration. Linear dependency conditions given by using one-port or two-port standards to calibrate a MNWA are analyzed, by deriving novel criteria for multiport self-calibration. It is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that an n-port test set can be calibrated by using only one two-port standard and one load. The excellent accuracy reached by means of this new theory opens new alternatives to a metrological qualification of MNWA for n-port device testing.

关键词： Calibration Testing Measurement standards Equations Redundancy algorithm design and analysis Linear systems Switches Error correction Vectors

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FILTER-LENGTH WORD-LENGTH TRADEOFFS IN FIR DIGITAL-FILTER design

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ACOUSTICS SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 1980年第6期28卷 739-744页

作者： KODEK, DM STEIGLITZ, K PRINCETON UNIV DEPT ELECT ENGN & COMP SCI PRINCETON NJ 08544 USA

We give a theorem which shows that there is a lower bound on the Chebyshev approximation error for linear-phase direct-form FIR digital filters, when the coefficients are constrained to be b-bit numbers. We then investigate the tradeoff between filter-length N and coefficient word-length b, using the product Nb as a complexity measure, for both the usual direct form and the sharpening structures of Kaiser and Hamming. The sharpening structures usually provide no overall gain in Nb product, but achieve a given performance with a smaller value of b.

关键词： Digital filters Finite impulse response filter Approximation error Prototypes Niobium Chebyshev approximation algorithm design and analysis Constraint theory Performance gain Frequency domain analysis

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