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检索条件"主题词=Algorithm Development"

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Influence of ship shadow on underwater irradiance fields

Influence of ship shadow on underwater irradiance fields

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Conference on Ocean Optics XIII

作者： Saruya, Y Oishi, T Kishino, M Jodai, Y Kadokura, K Tanaka, A INST PHYS & CHEM RES WAKOSAITAMA 35101JAPAN

ISBN: (纸本)081942367X

The underwater irradiance measurements are usually carried out from a ships, so that it is easy to imagine that the data is affected by the shadow due to a ship. The simple algorithm to compute the 3 dimensional underwater irradiance fields was developed based on the forward Monte Carlo method, by assuming that the infinitely thin and totally absorbing disk (ship) exists at the air-sea interface. The model was confirmed by the field experiment, and found the good agreement with observed irradiance fields. According to the computations, it was found that the influence of the shadow on downward and upward irradiances appear in different manner. That is, the downward irradiance affected by the disk (ship) appears in downward with respect to the direction of the direct of the sun light. On the other hand, it appears in upward in the case of upward irradiance. As the result, it is predicted that the overestimate (near the sea surface) and underestimate regions of irradiance reflectance are formed.

关键词： Sun Scattering Monte Carlo methods Laser scattering Absorption algorithm development Light scattering Reflectivity Interfaces Photon transport

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Hot starts for track maintenance in multisensor-multitarget tracking

Hot starts for track maintenance in multisensor-multitarget ...

引用

Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets 1997

作者： Poore, AB Colorado State Univ. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819425850

Large classes of data association problems in multiple hypothesis tracking applications involving multiple and single sensor systems can be formulated as multidimensional assignment problems, which are then fundamental in both track initiation and maintenance. In particular, track maintenance uses an N-frame moving window over the scans of data from multiple sensors giving rise to the repeated solution of (N + 1)-dimensional assignment problems. Due to the complexity of these NP-hard problems and the fact that one must solve these problems to the noise level in the problem, it is most advantageous to take advantage of a previously solved problem over a previous window. This work explores this issue in track maintenance.

关键词： Sensors Computer programming algorithm development Detection and tracking algorithms Surveillance Data fusion Mathematics Patents Scientific research Surveillance systems

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Passive MMW algorithm performance characterization using MACET

Passive MMW algorithm performance characterization using MAC...

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Conference on Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology

作者： Williams, BD Watson, JS Amphay, SA Nichols Research Corp. (United States) Air Force Wright Lab. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)081942479X

As passive millimeter wave sensor technology matures, algorithms which are tailored to exploit the benefits of this technology are being developed. The expedient development of such algorithms requires an understanding of not only the gross phenomenology, but also specific quirks and limitations inherent in sensors and the data gathering methodology specific to this regime. This level of understanding is approached as the technology matures and increasing amounts of data become available for analysis. The Armament Directorate of Wright Laboratory, WL/MN, has spearheaded the advancement of passive millimeter-wave technology in algorithm development tools and modeling capability as well as sensor development. A passive MMW channel is available within WL/MN's popular multi-channel modeling program Irma, and a sample passive MMW algorithm is incorporated into the Modular algorithm Concept Evaluation Tool (MACET), an algorithm development and evaluation system. The Millimeter Wave Analysis of Passive Signatures system (MAPS) provides excellent data collection capability in the 35, 60, and 95 GHz MMW bands. This paper exploits these assets for the study of the PMMW signature of a High Mobility Multi-Purpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV) in the three bands mentioned, and the effect of camouflage upon this signature and autonomous target recognition (ATR) algorithm performance.

关键词： Extremely high frequency algorithm development Camouflage Radiometry Passive millimeter wave sensors Detection and tracking algorithms Sensors Data conversion Video Analytical research

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Automatic mosaic and display from a sequence of peripheral angiographic images

引用

Medical Imaging 1997 Symposium - Image Processing

作者： Chou, JS Qian, JZ Wu, ZY Schramm, H Siemens Corporate Research Inc. (United States) Siemens AG (FRG) (Germany)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424455

We have developed a new algorithm that is capable of combining a sequence of peripheral angiographic images into a long-leg display automatically. In peripheral angiography, the field-of-view of the scanner cannot cover the entire peripheral region in one image. Instead, the peripheral region is divided into subregions and scanner steps to each of the location and acquires images. The adjacent stepping images overlap partially with each other during the image acquisition. Therefore, the problem for reconstructing a long-leg image display is transformed into finding the best image-matching in each adjacent image pair. The new algorithm solves this matching problem by maximizing the ''overlapping ratio'' for global matching in each designate image pair. The ''overlapping ratio'' is defined as the degree of feature agreement, in the overlapping area calculated from anatomical information of bone and vessels, between two adjacent image pairs. The experimental results indicate that the new approach is robust and generates accurate and reliable image matching. In addition, each leg is fine-tuned to determine the individual matching parameters to compensate the possible leg motion. Based on the matching parameters, we generate long-leg image display in both reduced and full resolutions so that cross reference of region-of-interest can be done interactively.

关键词： Image display Angiography Image processing Image resolution Visualization algorithm development Bone Image acquisition Scanners Image intensifiers

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Multi-sensor remote sensing in scattering media via fusing experiment design and regularization theory methods

Multi-sensor remote sensing in scattering media via fusing e...

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Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition VI

作者： Shkvarko, YV Kharkov State Polytechnic Univ. (Ukraine)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424838

In this paper we address a new approach to the remote sensing imaging problems for radar/sonar array imaging system stated and treated as ill-posed inverse problems of restoration the extended object reflected signals distorted in a stochastic scattering medium. The developed approach is based on combining the Bayesian estimation technique for signal restoration problems with constrained regularization technique for inversion of the signal formation operator of the stochastic measurement channel. To reduce the generic ill-posed imaging problem to its radar/sonar system oriented numerical version the experiment design methodology is applied. This results in the projection-dependent scheme for measured data that originates from limited number of sensors of a sparse array. Next, to alleviate the limitations on the absence of prior knowledge of the object signal the model-based assumptions for the desired image space are introduced. Model-based fusion of such diverse information on data sets and image space in a generalized constrained array imaging inverse problem is the first issue addressed in the paper. Optimal/suboptimal solution of this problem in the mixed Bayesian-regularization setting that results in the development of numerical technique for extended object imaging in scattering random media with improved spatial resolution is the second issue this paper addresses. Some computer simulation results are also provided to illustrate the proposed approach.

关键词： Data modeling Scattering Imaging systems Stochastic processes algorithm development Digital recording Image restoration Remote sensing Imaging arrays Scattering media

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Concentration, size, mean lifetime, and noise effects on image quality in luminescence optical tomography

引用

Conference on Optical Tomography and Spectroscopy of Tissue - Theory, Instrumentation, Model, and Human Studies II

作者： Chang, J Graber, HL Barbour, RL SUNY/Brooklyn (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819423904

The impact of background lumiphore in luminescence optical tomography is examined. To demonstrate its effects, numerical simulations were performed to calculate the diffusion-regime limiting form of forward-problem solutions for a specific test medium. Image reconstructions were performed using a CGD algorithm with a rescaling technique and positivity constraints. In addition, we develop a modification to the basic algorithm that makes use of the maximum possible concentration in order to estimate the background concentration, and show that it improves Image quality when background luniphore is present. We conclude that the usual measure of background lumiphore's effect which is the target-to-background lumiphore concentration ratio, is not adequate to define the contribution from the background lumiphore. The reason for this is that image quality is also a function of target-size and location. An alternative measure that we find superior is described. The results indicate that the improved algorithm yields better image quality for low target-to-background ratios.

关键词： Reconstruction algorithms Detection and tracking algorithms Sensors Signal detection Image quality Optical tomography Target detection algorithm development Luminescence Image restoration

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Heart range determination for SPECT myocardial perfusion studies

引用

Medical Imaging 1997 Symposium - Image Processing

作者： Chou, JS Xu, BL Qian, JZ DeVito, R Siemens Corporate Research Inc. (United States) Siemens Medical Systems Inc. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424455

We have developed a new algorithm for determining the cross-section range of the heart from a sequence of SPECT projection images. The new algorithm provides accurate estimation of the heart range for a fully automatic myocardial perfusion SPECT processing system (AMPS) [1]. The Limits of the heart range are used for reconstructing transverse images for the subsequent analysis. The basis of the approach is the one-dimensional pseudo motion analysis which has three major components, spatial feature to position mapping, knowledge-driven analysis of heart region, and heart range determination. The main advantage of the algorithm is that the processing is fully automatic regarding no user intervention and is less sensitive to the image intensity distribution comparing to other existing methods.

关键词： Heart Single photon emission computed tomography Motion analysis algorithm development Image processing Motion measurement Databases Cameras Liver Spleen

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Multi-spectral change detection

Multi-spectral change detection

引用

Conference on algorithms for Multispectral and Hyperspectral Imagery III

作者： Peli, T Young, M Ellis, K Atlantic Aerospace Electronics Corp. (United States) Atlantic Aerospace Electronics (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424862

A novel automatic change detection procedure has been developed using multi-spectral imagery for a number of important applications including the surveillance of enemy military installations, detection of military vehicle movements, battle damage assessments and monitoring of environmental changes. The proposed approach consists of key algorithm components that includes data normalization, image registration and distance measurement. The algorithm is selected based on performance and computational considerations for near real-time implementation. Limited study on real multi-spectral data has shown that the performance of our proposed change detection approach is far superior to that of standard techniques. Example results using M7 imagery are presented to illustrate the performance improvements of this approach over the other techniques.

关键词： Image registration Image processing Distance measurement Detection and tracking algorithms Image sensors algorithm development Distortion Sensors Buildings Image segmentation

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Irma multi-sensor predictive signature model

Irma multi-sensor predictive signature model

引用

Conference on Targets and Backgrounds - Characterization and Representation III

作者： Watson, J Wellfare, M Chenault, D Talele, S Blume, B Richards, M Prestwood, L Nichols Research Corp. (United States) Air Force Wright Lab. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424773

development of target acquisition and target recognition algorithms in highly cluttered backgrounds in a variety of battlefield conditions demands a flexible, high fidelity capability for synthetic image generation. Cost effective smart weapons research and testing also requires extensive scene generation capability. The Irma software package addresses this need through a first principles, phenomenology based scene generator that enhances research into new algorithms, novel sensors, and sensor fusion approaches. Irma was one of the first high resolution synthetic infrared target and background signature models developed for tactical air-to-surface weapon scenarios. Originally developed in 1980 by the Armament Directorate of the Air Force Wright Laboratory (WL/MN), the Irma model was used exclusively to generate IR scenes for smart weapons research and development. In 1987, Nichols Research Corporation (NRC) took over the maintenance of Irma and has since added substantial capabilities. The development of Irma has culminated in a program that includes not only passive visible, IR, and millimeter wave (MMW) channels but also active MMW and ladar channels. Each of these channels is co-registered providing the capability to develop algorithms for multi-band sensor fusion concepts and associated algorithms. In this paper, the capabilities of the latest release of Irma, Irma 4.0, will be described. A brief description of the elements of the software that are common to all channels will be provided. Each channel will be described briefly including a summary of the phenomenological effects and the sensor effects modeled in the software. Examples of Irma multi-channel imagery will be presented.

关键词： Sensors Extremely high frequency LIDAR Human-machine interfaces Reflectivity algorithm development Image sensors Weapons Data modeling Thermal modeling

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Active microwave soil moisture sensing under vegetation cover

Active microwave soil moisture sensing under vegetation cove...

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Conference on Remote Sensing of Vegetation and Sea

作者： Troch, PA Su, Z Colombo, P DeMasi, F Univ. of Ghent (Belgium)

ISBN: (纸本)0819423637

Our understanding of the derivation of soil moisture content from observing the interaction between electromagnetic waves and bare soil on the one hand, and vegetated terrain on the other has developed at different rates. The retrieval of soil moisture from radar measurements for bare surfaces is possible by means of inversion algorithms based on theoretical surface scattering models (e.g. Su et al., 1996). The interaction between electromagnetic waves and vegetated terrain involves both surface and volume scattering. The development of theoretical models for vegetated terrain is therefore extremely difficult. One such attempt was initiated by Lang (1981) and resulted in the development of a backscattering model following the wave approach (Lin et al., 1994). We use this model to investigate the effect of different crop parameters on the radar signal. This results in the definition of the conditions under which retrieval of soil moisture is still possible. These conditions are expressed both in terms of vegetation parameters (height, density, water content) and antenna configuration (frequency, polarization, incidence angle).

关键词： Vegetation Soil science Backscatter Radar Synthetic aperture radar Microwave radiation algorithm development Dielectrics Scattering Electromagnetic radiation

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