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Automatic partitioning of head CTA for enabling segmentation

Automatic partitioning of head CTA for enabling segmentation

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Medical Imaging 2004 Conference

作者： Suryanarayanan, S Mullick, R Mallya, Y Kamath, V Nagaraj, N GE Co Global Res Imaging Technol Lab Bangalore Karnataka India

ISBN: (纸本)0819452831

Radiologists perform a CT Angiography procedure to examine vascular structures and associated pathologies such as aneurysms. Volume rendering is used to exploit volumetric capabilities of CT that provides complete interactive 3-D visualization. However, bone forms an occluding structure and must be segmented out. The anatomical complexity of the head creates a major challenge in the segmentation of bone and vessel. An analysis of the head volume reveals varying spatial relationships between vessel and bone that can be separated into three sub-volumes: "proximal", "middle", and "distal". The "proximal" and "distal" sub-volumes contain good spatial separation between bone and vessel (carotid referenced here). Bone and vessel appear contiguous in the "middle" partition that remains the most challenging region for segmentation. The partition algorithm is used to automatically identify these partition locations so that different segmentation methods can be developed for each sub-volume. The partition locations are computed using bone, image entropy. and sinus profiles along with a rule-based method. The algorithm is validated on 21 cases (varying volume sizes, resolution, clinical sites, pathologies) using ground truth identified visually. The algorithm is also computationally efficient, processing a 500+ slice volume in 6 seconds (an impressive 0.01 seconds/slice) that makes it an attractive algorithm for pre-processing large volumes. The partition algorithm is integrated into the segmentation workflow. Fast and simple algorithms are implemented for processing the "proximal" and "distal" partitions. Complex methods are restricted to only the "middle" partition. The partition-enabled segmentation has been successfully tested and results are shown from multiple cases.

关键词： Bone Head Image segmentation algorithm development Skull Visualization Image processing algorithms and systems 3D image processing Arteries Neck

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LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE DETECTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR CALCIFIED DEPOSITS VIA TETRACARBOXYLATE ION DYE PROBING 3

LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE DETECTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR CALCI...

引用

3RD CONF ON DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS

作者： PAPAZOGLOU, TG KATERINOPOULOS, HE FOTAKIS, C IATRIDOU, H FOUKARAKI, E Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (Greece) Univ. of Crete (Greece)

ISBN: (纸本)0819411051

In this paper we evaluate whether argon-ion laser induced fluorescence could help to discriminate atheromatous from normal tissue stained with tetracarboxylate ion dyes. Eighteen cadaveric abdominal aortic samples (9 normal, 9 atherosclerotic) from 4 autopsies were obtained in an unfixed state within 12 hours of death. They were incubated in the dye solution for two hours and then they were rinsed in saline for another two hours to ensure that only dye bound to the tissue was present during the experiment. An argon ion laser (476.5 nm) was used for excitation. Fluorescence was collected by a 600 micrometers core diameter step-index UV-visible fiber. The fiber was butt-connected to the 20 micrometers slit of a 0.25 m spectrograph. Data acquisition and analysis were performed via an optical multichannel analyzer. A characteristic increase of the fluorescence signal at the 520 to 560 nm spectral region for atheromatous tissue was observed after treatment of the samples with the dye. This allowed the development of a simple discriminatory index (spectrum integral from 520 to 560 nm vs. spectrum integral from 580 to 620 nm).

关键词： Luminescence Ions Tissues Laser induced fluorescence Argon ion lasers Fluorescence spectroscopy Laser tissue interaction Spectrographs algorithm development Laser applications

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Binary matrices, decomposition and multiply-add architectures

Binary matrices, decomposition and multiply-add architecture...

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Conference on Image Processing - algorithms and Systems II

作者： Sarukhanyan, H Agaian, S Astola, J Egiazarian, K NAS Armenia Inst Informat & Automat Problems Yerevan Armenia

ISBN: (纸本)0819448141

Binary matrices or (+/-1)-matrices have found numerous applications in coding, signal processing, and communications. In this paper, a general and efficient algorithm of decomposition of binary matrices is developed. As a special case, Hadamard matrices are considered. The proposed scheme requires no zero padding of the input data. The problem of the construction of 4n-point Hadamard transform is related to the Hadamard problem: the question of existence of Hadamard matrices. (It is not proved whether for every integer n, there exists an orthogonal 4n x 4n matrix with elements +/-1). The number of real operation in developed algorithms is reduced from O(N-2) to O(Nlog(2)N). Comparisons revealing the efficiency of the proposed algorithms with respect to the known ones are given. In particular, it is demonstrated that, in typical applications, the proposed algorithm is more efficient than the conventional Walsh Hadamard transform. Note that for Hadamard matrices of orders greater than or equal to 96 the general algorithm is more efficient than the classical Walsh-Hadamard transform whose order is a power of two. The algorithm has a simple and symmetric structure. The results of numerical examples are presented.

关键词： Matrices algorithm development Binary data Ytterbium Signal processing algorithms Radon Detection and tracking algorithms Image processing Reconstruction algorithms

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TOPOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF LEAST-SQUARES ERROR SURFACES FOR ADAPTIVE IIR FILTERS

TOPOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF LEAST-SQUARES ERROR SURFACES FOR A...

引用

CONF ON ADVANCED SIGNAL PROCESSING algorithmS, ARCHITECTURES, AND IMPLEMENTATIONS 3

作者： STONICK, VL Carnegie Mellon Univ. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)081940943X

In this paper, a new framework for understanding the performance of adaptive IIR filters is proposed and shown to enhance the understanding of filter stability during adaptation in time- varying data environments. This new understanding arises from considering the error surface as defined by the data, rather than the statistics of the data, in a manner analogous to that used to develop recursive least squares (RLS) FIR adaptive filters. The stability of the filter is shown to be dependent on the problem formulation. Defining the time-varying error surface using frequency domain, rather than time domain, methods is shown to result in substantially better stability structure in the performance surface.

关键词： Digital filtering Optical filters Error analysis Finite impulse response filters Infinite impulse response filters Data modeling Electronic filtering Linear filtering Stochastic processes algorithm development

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Fast audio watermarking: Concepts and realizations

Fast audio watermarking: Concepts and realizations

引用

6th Conference on Watermarking of Multimedia Contents

作者： Arnold, M Huang, ZW Fraunhofer-Institut fur Graphische Datenverarbeitung (Germany)

ISBN: (纸本)0819452092

In this paper we present concepts and corresponding implemenations to maximize the speed of audio watermarking encoders in order to be applicable in different scenarios. To motivate the development and implementation of fast audio watermarking encoders, application scenarios requiring high embedding speed are presented. Different concepts with assumptions concerning the underlying watermarking algorithms are discussed. The paper presents the necessary audio stream preparation and the corresponding implementation realizing the fast audio watermarking methods. The quality of the watermarked audio tracks and the robustness of the embedded watermarks will be verified by experimental tests. Enhancements of the fundamental principle concerning the distribution of audio tracks are discussed.

关键词： Digital watermarking Computer programming Compact discs Signal processing algorithm development Electronic filtering Optical filters Detection and tracking algorithms Interference (communication) Real-time computing

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Phase Correlation based adaptive mode decision for the H.264/AVC

Phase Correlation based adaptive mode decision for the H.264...

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Conference on Real-Time Image and Video Processing 2011

作者： Abdelazim, Abdelrahman Mein, Stephen James Varley, Martin Roy Grecos, Christo Ait-Boudaoud, Djamel Univ Cent Lancashire Preston PR1 2HE Lancs England Univ West Scoatland Paisley Renfrew Scotland Univ Portsmouth Portsmouth Hants England

ISBN: (纸本)9780819484086

The H.264 video coding standard achieves high performance compression and image quality at the expense of increased encoding complexity, due to the very refined Motion Estimation (ME) and mode decision processes. This paper focuses on decreasing the complexity of the mode selection process by effectively applying a novel fast mode decision algorithm. Firstly the phase correlation is analysed between a macroblock and its prediction obtained from the previously encoded adjacent block. Relationships are established between the correlation value and object size and also best fit motion vector. From this a novel fast mode decision and motion estimation technique has been developed utilising preprocessing frequency domain ME in order to accurately predict the best mode and the search range. We measure the correlation between a macroblock and the corresponding prediction. Based on the result we select the best mode, or limit the mode selection process to a subset of modes. Moreover the correlation result is also used to select an appropriate search range for the ME stage. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm significantly reduces the motion estimation time whilst maintaining similar Rate Distortion performance, when compared to both the H.264/AVC Joint Model (JM) reference software and recently reported work.

关键词： Motion estimation Computer programming Video Distortion Image processing Image quality standards Video coding algorithm development Image compression Image quality

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Simulation of earthquake-induced structural vibrations in systems with SMA damping elements

Simulation of earthquake-induced structural vibrations in sy...

引用

Smart Structures and Materials 2002 Conference

作者： Seelecke, S Heintze, O Masuda, A N Carolina State Univ Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn Raleigh NC 27695 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819444456

The paper studies the influence of a shape memory alloy (SMA) element on the dynamic response of a single-degree-of-freedom-system, representing a structural building under earthquake excitation. Variations of the SMA geometry are studied by numerical simulation, and a value for the SMA radius is determined, which provides optimal system performance. In particular do we focus on the role of hysteresis-induced passive damping, which can potentially be exploited for the development of SMA-based semi-active control schemes.

关键词： Shape memory alloys Earthquakes Chemical elements Control systems Motion models Numerical simulations Smart materials Aerospace engineering algorithm development Systems engineering

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Fusion of acoustic/seismic and GPR detection algorithms

Fusion of acoustic/seismic and GPR detection algorithms

引用

Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VIII

作者： Gader, PD Wilson, JN Wang, T Keller, JM Lee, WH Grandhi, R Hocaoglu, AK McElroy, J Univ Florida Dept Comp & Informat Sci & Engn Gainesville FL 32611 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819449490

A variety of sensors have been investigated for the purpose of detecting buried landmines in outdoor environments. Mines with little or no metal are very difficult to detect with traditional mine detection systems. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) sensors have shown great promise in detecting low metal mines and can easily detect metal mines. Unfortunately, it can still be difficult to detect low-metal mines with GPR due to very low contrast between the mine and the surrounding medium. Acoustic-seismic systems were proposed by Sabatier ***. and have also shown great promise in detecting low metal mines. There are now a wealth of references that discuss these systems and algorithms for processing data from these systems. Therefore, they will not be discussed in detail here. In fact, low-metal mines are easier to detect than metal mines with this acoustic-seismic systems. Low metal mines that are difficult for a GPR to detect can be quite easy to detect with acoustic-seismic systems. Sensor fusion with these sensors is of interest since together they can find a broader range of mines with relative ease. The algorithmic challenge is to determine a strategy for combining the multi-sensor information in a way that can increase the probability of detection without increasing the false alarm rate significantly. In this paper, we investigate fusion of information obtained from GPR and acoustic-seismic on real data measured from a mine lane containing three types of buried landmines and also areas containing no landmines. algorithms are applied to data acquired from each sensor and confidence values are assigned to each location at which a measurement is made by each sensor. The GPR is used as a primary sensor. At each location at which the GPR algorithm declares an alarm, a modified likelihood-based approach is used to increase the GPR derived confidence if the likelihood that a mine is present, defined by the acoustic-based confidence, is larger than the likelihood that no

关键词： General packet radio service Acoustics Mining Sensors Land mines Metals Palladium Detection and tracking algorithms algorithm development Data acquisition

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WATER SPECTRAL LIBRARIES FOR THE INTERPRETATION OF IMAGE SPECTROMETRIC DATA

WATER SPECTRAL LIBRARIES FOR THE INTERPRETATION OF IMAGE SPE...

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Imaging Spectrometry of the Terrestrial Environment Conference

作者： NOVO, EM JET PROP LAB PASADENACA 91109

ISBN: (纸本)0819411736

This paper reports the assessment of water reflectance spectra measured under controlled condition for analysis of the imaging spectrometry data of inland waters. The application of imaging spectrometry to the study of inland waters depends on a better understanding of the optical properties of the water components. To increase this understanding, a collection of water spectra has been measured under laboratory and ground control conditions as a part of an EOS interdisciplinary investigation. The radiometric measurement derived from those experiments is known as the Bidirectional Reflectance Function (BRDF). R was simulated using variations of a model derived from the two stream approximation of the radiative transfer equation (RTE) and compared to the BRDF. BRDF was also measured 'in situ' from a boat based spectrometer (BoaR) and from an helicopter based spectrometer (HeIR). Modelled R (MoIR), laboratory measured (BRDF) (LabR) and ground measured BRDF (BoaR and HeIR) were compared. They were also used to unmix the spectra of two different aquatic systems. Preliminary results show that at low chlorophyll and gilvin concentration, there is a good agreement between ModR and LabR, regardless of the model variation used. For both low and high inorganic matter concentration, the agreement between ModR and LabR is poor. All sets of data present the main features which characterize the high chlorophyll concentration reflectance spectra, but the amount of reflectance displayed by LabR and ModR is 50 times smaller than that measured in situ. When the different sets are used as input to unmixing algorithms they also yield different results.

关键词： Reflectivity Water Optical properties Absorption Spectroscopy Bidirectional reflectance transmission function Active optics algorithm development Data modeling Radiative transfer

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Multimedia, visual computing and the information superhighway

Multimedia, visual computing and the information superhighwa...

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Conference on Image Display

作者： Kitson, FL HEWLETT PACKARD LABS PALO ALTO CA 94304 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819420824

The data types of graphics, images, audio and video or collectively multimedia are becoming standard components of most computer interfaces and applications. Medical imaging in particular will be able to exploit these capabilities in concert with the database engines or 'information furnaces' that will exist as part of the information superhighway. The ability to connect experts with patients electronically enables care delivery from remote diagnostics to remote surgery. Traditional visual computing tasks such as MRI, volume rendering, computer vision or image processing may also be available to more clinics and researchers as they become 'electronically local.' Video is the component of multimedia that provides the greatest sense of presence or visual realism yet has been the most difficult to offer digitally due to its high transmission, storage and computation requirements. Advanced 3D graphics have also been a scarce or at least expensive resource. This paper addresses some of the recent innovations in media processing and client/server technology that will facilitate PCs, workstations or even set-top/TV boxes to process both video and graphics in real-time.

关键词： Video Visualization Multimedia Video compression Video processing Image processing algorithm development Image compression Databases 3D image processing

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