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Conference on Multimedia Computing and Networking 2006

作者： Röder, M Cardinal, J Hamzaoui, R Univ Konstanz Dept Comp & Informat Sci D-7750 Constance Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0819461113

In packetized media streaming systems, packet dependencies are often modeled as a directed acyclic graph called the dependency graph. We consider the situation where the dependency graph is reducible to a tree. This occurs, for instance, in MPEG1 video streams that are packetized at the frame level. Other video coding standards such as H.264 also allow tree-reducible dependencies. We propose in this context efficient dynamic programming algorithms for finding rate-distortion optimal transmission policies. The proposed algorithms are much faster than previous exact algorithms developed for arbitrary dependency graphs.

关键词： Computer programming Distortion Video algorithm development Multimedia Systems modeling Video coding Receivers Reconstruction algorithms Computing systems

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Optical correlator based pose estimation using a bank of filters and a pose search algorithm

Optical correlator based pose estimation using a bank of fil...

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Conference on Automatic Target Recognition XVII

作者： Outerbridge, John Gregory, Don A. Univ Alabama Dept Phys Huntsville AL 35899 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466884

A pose search algorithm is used in conjunction with a bank of binary phase only filters (BPOF's) to determine the pose of a craft in a docking scenario. This approach is facilitated by the use of a high speed spatial light modulator (SLM) capable of operating at similar to 4 kHz integrated into a VanderLugt type optical correlator. The filters are generated using images created from a 3D model of a craft and 3D animation software. The pose estimation is calculated using a computer interfaced to the optical correlator via a Matlab developed algorithm that captures the image frame and performs a series of correlations from a subset of filters selected by the algorithm from the filter bank.

关键词： Image filtering Optical filters Optical correlators Spatial light modulators algorithm development Fourier transforms 3D modeling Image processing Phase only filters 3D image processing

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AUTOMATED REPRESENTATION CHANGING FOR PROBLEM-SOLVING AND ELECTRONIC CAD

AUTOMATED REPRESENTATION CHANGING FOR PROBLEM-SOLVING AND EL...

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CONF ON THE APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 1993 : KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS IN AEROSPACE AND INDUSTRY ( PREPRINTS )

作者： ZIMMER, R MACDONALD, A HOLTE, R Brunel Univ. (United Kingdom) Univ. of Ottawa (Canada)

ISBN: (纸本)081941199X

Structured top-down design can be viewed as a process of iterative step-wise representation changes wherein an initial specification passes through several levels of increasingly concrete representations. When viewed this way, many of the goals and difficulties of hardware CAD are strikingly similar to those addressed by the branch of AI problem solving known as `Problem Reformulation.' Our principal aim is to provide a common mathematical setting to the two disciplines and then to exploit problem reformulation results in the design and implementation of a CAD system that can reason about VLSI design as representational change. The CAD system builds on one that has a proof assistant at its core, so that circuits designed in the system are pre-verified. High-level design knowledge is captured by algebraic models; refinement transformations between levels and optimizing and partitioning functions within a level are algebraic homomorphisms. The use of algebra throughout allows us to add different kinds and levels of reasoning to the theorem prover without a loss of mathematical soundness. The formalization of the `design as representation change' idea involves bringing together various strands in abstract algebra, artificial intelligence, and formal methods for system design. In this paper we describe the algebraic background and give examples and results of this kind of analysis in artificial intelligence and multi-layered hardware description.

关键词： Computer aided design Artificial intelligence Evolutionary algorithms CAD systems Mathematical modeling Mathematics Solid modeling algorithm development Computer simulations Space operations

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ANALYSIS OF NONLINEAR MICROWAVE CIRCUITS USING THE HARMONIC-BALANCE TECHNIQUE 6

ANALYSIS OF NONLINEAR MICROWAVE CIRCUITS USING THE HARMONIC-...

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6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP AND EXHIBITION ON OPTICAL ENGINEERING AND PHOTONICS / 3RD CONF ON OPTOELECTRONIC SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR PHASED-ARRAY ANTENNAS

作者： NGUYEN, C CHRISTODOULOU, CG Texas A&M Univ. (United States) Univ. of Central Florida (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819408689

An efficient implementation of the harmonic balance method, using novel numerical algorithms, that are both robust and efficient, coupled with analytical expressions developed for the elements of the Jacobian matrix, is presented. The approach possesses excellent convergence property and speed. Simulated performances using the developed approach for a 10-GHz GaAs MESFET amplifier are found in good agreement with the measured results. Developed techniques should be very useful for analyzing nonlinear microwave as well as optical components.

关键词： algorithm development Microwave radiation Field effect transistors Optical amplifiers Chemical elements Gallium arsenide Nonlinear optics Numerical analysis Device simulation Electrical engineering

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A CUDA Implementation of Thumbnail-assisted Decoder Motion Search for Error Concealment

A CUDA Implementation of Thumbnail-assisted Decoder Motion S...

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Conference on Visual Information Processing and Communication

作者： Tan, Wai-Tian Hewlett Packard Labs Multimedia Commun & Networking Lab Palo Alto CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819479365

We describe the real-time CUDA implementation of an error concealment algorithm for high definition video at 720p. The concealment method is based on decoder motion search on high resolution frame, using a thumbnail as a guide, and is therefore comparable in complexity as encoder motion search. We discuss the different requirements for decoder motion search compared to encoder search, and present a fast motion search algorithm suitable for parallel implementation in GPU. The design of the real-time CUDA implementation and its performance analysis are also presented.

关键词： Computer programming Motion estimation Video Video acceleration Error analysis Distortion Linear filtering Video processing algorithm development Super resolution

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Ventricular tachycardia and in-hospital mortality in the intensive care unit

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HEART RHYTHM O2 2023年第11期4卷 715-722页

作者： Prasad, Priya A. Isaksen, Jonas L. Abe-Jones, Yumiko Zegre-Hemsey, Jessica K. Sommargren, Claire E. Al-Zaiti, Salah S. Carey, Mary G. Badilini, Fabio Mortara, David Kanters, Jorgen K. Pelter, Michele M. Univ Calif San Francisco Div Hosp Med Sch Med Dept Med San Francisco CA 94143 USA Univ Calif San Francisco Ctr Physiol Res Sch Nursing San Francisco CA 94143 USA Univ Copenhagen Dept Biomed Sci Copenhagen Denmark Univ N Carolina Sch Nursing Chapel Hill NC USA Univ Calif San Francisco Sch Nursing Dept Physiol Nursing San Francisco CA 94143 USA Univ Pittsburgh Dept Acute & Tertiary Care Nursing Pittsburgh PA USA Univ Rochester Sch Nursing Rochester NY USA Univ Calif San Francisco Sch Med Dept Med Div Cardiol San Francisco CA 94143 USA Univ Calif San Francisco Div Hosp Med 521 Parnassus Ave San Francisco CA 94143 USA

BACKGROUND Continuous electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring is used to identify ventricular tachycardia (VT), but false alarms occur frequently. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the rate of 30day in-hospital mortality associated with VT alerts generated from bedside ECG monitors to those from a new algorithm among intensive care unit (ICU) patients. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study in consecutive adult ICU patients at an urban academic medical center and compared current bedside monitor VT alerts, VT alerts from a newunannotated algorithm, and true-annotated VT. We used survival analysis to explore the association between VT alerts and mortality. RESULTS We included 5679 ICU admissions (mean age 58 6 17 years;48% women), 503 (8.9%) experienced 30-day in-hospital mortality. A total of 30.1% had at least 1 current bedside monitor VT alert, 14.3% had a new-unannotated algorithm VT alert, and 11.6% had true-annotated VT. Bedside monitor VT alert was not associated with increased rate of 30-day mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.06;95% confidence interval [CI] 0.88-1.27), but there was an association for VT alerts from our new-unannotated algorithm (aHR 1.38;95% CI 1.12-1.69) and true-annotated VT(aHR 1.39;95% CI 1.12-1.73). CONCLUSION Unannotated and annotated-true VT were associated with increased rate of 30-day in-hospital mortality, whereas current bedside monitor VT was not. Our new algorithm may accurately identify high-risk VT;however, prospective validation is needed.

关键词： Ventricular tachycardia In-hospital mortality Inten- sive care unit Continuous electrocardiographic monitoring Alarm fatigue algorithm development

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Discriminating man-made and natural objects in sidescan sonar imagery: human versus computer recognition performance

Discriminating man-made and natural objects in sidescan sona...

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15th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition

作者： Kessel, RT Myers, VL Def R&D Canada Halifax NS Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0819457922

Sidescan sonar is increasingly accepted as the sensor of choice for sea minehunting over large areas in shallow water. Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) algorithms are therefore being developed to assist and, in the case of autonomous vehicles, even replace the human operator as the primary recognition agent deciding whether an object in the sonar imagery is a mine or simply benign seafloor clutter. Whether ATR aids or replaces a human operator, a natural benchmark for judging the quality of ATR is the unaided human performance when ATR is not used. The benchmark can help when estimating the performance benefit (or cost) of switching from human to automatic recognition for instance, or when planning how human and machine should best interact in cooperative search operations. This paper reports a human performance study using a large library of real sonar images collected for the development and testing of ATR algorithms. The library features 234 mine-like man-made objects deployed for the purpose, as well as 105 instances of naturally occurring clutter. The human benchmark in this case is the average of ten human subjects expressed in terms of a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. An ATR algorithm for man-made/natural object discrimination is also tested and compared with the human benchmark. The implications of its relative performance for the integration of ATR are considered.

关键词： Automatic target recognition Mining algorithm development Detection and tracking algorithms Target recognition Human subjects Speckle Object recognition Sensors Receivers

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TOPOLOGY PRESERVE GRAY IMAGE SKELETONIZATION algorithm

TOPOLOGY PRESERVE GRAY IMAGE SKELETONIZATION ALGORITHM

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CONF ON ARCHITECTURE, HARDWARE, AND FORWARD-LOOKING INFRARED ISSUES IN AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION

作者： QIAN, K ZHU, W BHATTACHARYA, P Georgia Southwestern College (United States) Univ. of Nebraska/Lincoln (United States)

A new algorithm which can skeletonize both black-white and gray pictures is presented. This algorithm is based on distance transformation and can preserve the topology of the original picture. It can be extended to 3-... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)0819411930

关键词： Image processing Parallel processing algorithm development Computer science Binary data Lithium

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DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY - IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCESSING

DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY - IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCESSIN...

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Conference on Image Processing

作者： ERGUN, DL PEPPLER, WW DOBBINS, JT ZINK, FE KRUGER, DG KELCZ, F DEBRUIJN, FJ BELLERS, EW WANG, Y ALTHOF, RJ WIND, MGJ PHILIPS MED SYST N AMER SHELTONCT 06484

ISBN: (纸本)081941462X

We have reported on a single-exposure dual-energy system based on computed radiography (CR) technology. In a clinical study conducted over a two year period, the dual-energy system proved to be highly successful in improving the detection (p=0.0005) and characterization (p=0.005) of pulmonary nodules when compared to conventional screen-film radiography. The basic components of our dual-energy detector system include source filtration with gadolinium to produce a bi-modal x-ray spectrum and a cassette containing four CR imaging plates. The front and back plates record the low-energy and high-energy images, respectively, and the middle two plates serve as an intermediate filter. Since our initial report, a number of improvements have been made to make the system more practical. An automatic registration algorithm based on image features has been developed to align the front and back image plates. There have been two improvements in scatter correction: a simple correction is now made to account for scatter within the multi-plate detector; and a correction algorithm is applied to account for scatter variations between patients. An improved basis material decomposition (BMD) algorithm has been developed to facilitate automatic operation of the algorithm. Finally, two new noise suppression techniques are under investigation: one adjusts the noise filtering parameters depending on the strength of edge signals in the detected image in order to greatly reduce quantum mottle while minimizing the introduction of artifacts; a second routine uses knowledge of the region of valid low-energy and high-energy image data to suppress noise with minimal introduction of artifacts. This paper is a synthesis of recent work aimed at improving the performance of dual-energy CR conducted at three institutions: Philips Medical Systems, the University of Wisconsin, and Duke University.

关键词： algorithm development Tissues Image processing Bone Point spread functions Denoising Detection and tracking algorithms Radiography Sensors Chromium

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JOINT MULTIGRID ESTIMATION OF 2D MOTION AND OBJECT BOUNDARIES USING BOUNDARY PATTERNS

JOINT MULTIGRID ESTIMATION OF 2D MOTION AND OBJECT BOUNDARIE...

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Meeting on Visual Communications and Image Communication 93

作者： BUSCHMANN, R UNIV HANNOVER INST THEORET NACHRICHTENTECH & INFORMATIONSVERARBEITUNGD-30167 HANNOVERGERMANY

ISBN: (纸本)0819413690

For the improvement of joint estimation of 2D motion and 2D object boundaries an optimization procedure based on multigrid and pattern processing is presented. In this procedure an iterative optimization is applied using grids of different resolution, starting with a global estimation of the motion in the coarsest grid. Improvements are achieved by the introduction of boundary patterns, which are obtained from boundary estimates from coarser grids to be used in the finer ones. It is shown that the developed technique compared to a hierarchical blockmatching technique leads to a significant reduction of the mean square error between compensated and original images at object boundaries.

关键词： Motion estimation Image processing Cameras Optimization (mathematics) 3D image processing algorithm development Binary data Stochastic processes algorithms Error analysis

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