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Special section guest editorial: Computational approaches to imaging LADAR

Optical Engineering 2015年第3期54卷

作者： Rabb, David Marron, Joseph Air Force Research Laboratory Wright Patterson AFB OH United States Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems El SegundoCA United States

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Comparison between MERIS and regional high-level products in European seas

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REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT 2014年 140卷 378-395页

作者： D'Alimonte, Davide Zibordi, Giuseppe Kajiyama, Tamito Berthon, Jean-Francois Univ Nova Lisboa Fac Ciencias & Tecnol Dept Informat Ctr Inteligencia Artificial Quinta Da Torre Caparica Portugal Commiss European Communities Joint Res Ctr Inst Environm & Sustainabil I-21020 Ispra Italy Univ Nova Lisboa Fac Ciencias & Tecnol Ctr Invest Informat & Tecnol Informaca Quinta Da Torre Caparica Portugal

Standard ocean color data products from the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) are compared with equivalent regional products in European seas exhibiting different bio-optical properties: the northern Adriatic Sea, the Baltic Sea and the Western Black Sea (ADRS, BLTS and BLKS, respectively). Investigated quantities are: 1) the algal-2 pigment index, alg2;2) the composite-absorption coefficient of yellow substance and non-pigmented particles at 442 nm, a(dg);and 3) the concentration of the total suspended matter, TSM. Regional data products are created using ocean color inversion schemes based on MultiLayer Perceptron (MLP) neural nets trained with field measurements from the Coastal Atmosphere and Sea Time Series (CoASTS) and Bio-Optical mapping of Marine Properties (BiOMaP) programs. MLP input is the remote sensing reflectance Res at MERIS center-wavelengths specifically selected for different water types in view of minimizing the perturbing effects of inaccurate atmospheric correction on the retrieval of regional data products. A new method is also proposed to define the applicability of regional MLPs to input Res. Results indicate that MERIS alg2 values tend to overestimate the equivalent quantity computed with MLP regional algorithms. The agreement between MERIS and regional TSM data products is significantly better than that reported for alg2 and ad, especially for BLKS. Findings highlight the relevance of using regional inversion schemes to evaluate standard products over extended oceanographic regions as a complement to the analysis of match-ups between marine products measured in situ and derived from space-born data. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ocean color remote sensing Regional algorithms algorithm development

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development of a Generic Network Enabled Autonomous Vehicle System 10

Development of a Generic Network Enabled Autonomous Vehicle ...

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United-Kingdom-Automatic-Control-Council (UKACC) 10th International Conference on Control (CONTROL)

作者： Coombes, Matthew Eaton, William McAree, Owen Chen, Wen-Hua Univ Loughborough Dept Automot & Aeronaut Engn Loughborough LE11 3TU Leics England

ISBN: (纸本)9781479950119

This paper describes the development of a system for autonomous vehicle testing, utilising conventional network infrastructure for communication and control;allowing simultaneous control of multiple vehicles of differing vehicle types. A basic level of autonomy is achieved through the use of an Arduino based commercial autopilot (ArduPilot), which also allows for remote vehicle control via MAVLink protocol commands given through serial communication. Traditionally messages are sent using point-to-point wireless serial modems. As these are restricted in terms of bandwidth and flexibility, an improved set-up is suggested, where an embedded computer system is attached to each vehicle. A custom written Node. js program (MAVNode) is then used to encode and decode MAVLink messages onboard allowing communication over a Local Area Network via Wi-Fi. A selection of hardware configurations are discussed, including the use of conventional Wi-Fi and long range Ubiquiti airMAX wireless routers. Both software and hardware in the loop testing is discussed, in addition to the ability to to perform control from Matlab/Simulink. With all the infrastructure in place, algorithms can be rapidly prototyped. As an example use of the system, a quad-rotor visually tracks a robot while using a remote Matlab installation for image processing and control.

关键词： Autopilot rapid prototyping algorithm development hardware in the loop software in the loop invariant object recognition Ethernet Networks

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Digital image processing based identification of nodes and internodes of chopped biomass stems

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COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE 2014年 105卷 54-65页

作者： Pothula, Anand Kumar Igathinathane, C. Kronberg, S. Hendrickson, J. N Dakota State Univ Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn Fargo ND 58102 USA USDA ARS No Great Plains Res Lab Mandan ND 58554 USA

Chemical composition of biomass feedstock is an important parameter for optimizing the yield and economics of various bioconversion pathways. Although chemical composition of biomass varies among species, varieties, and plant components, there is distinct variation even among stem components, such as nodes and internodes. Separation of morphological components possessing different quality attributes and utilizing them in 'segregated processing' leads to better handling, more efficient processing, and high-valued products generation. Using equipment to separate morphological components such as node and internodes of biomass stem that have closely related physical properties (e.g., size, shape, density) is difficult. However, as the nodes and internodes are clearly distinct in appearance by visual observation, the potential of digital image analysis for node and internode identification and quantification was investigated. We used chopped stems of big bluestem, corn, and switchgrass as test materials. Pixel color variation along the length was used as the principle of identifying the nodes and internodes. An algorithm in MATLAB was developed to evaluate the gray value intensity within a narrow computational band along the major axis of nodes and internodes. Several extracted image features, such as minimum, maximum, average, standard deviation, and variation of the computational band gray values;ribbon length of the computational band normalized gray value curve (NGVC), unit ribbon length of NGVC;area under NGVC, and unit area under NGVC were tested for the identification. Unit area under NGVC was the best feature/parameter for the identification of the nodes and internodes with an accuracy of about 96.6% (9 incorrect out of 263 objects). This image processing methodology of nodes and intenodes identification can form the supporting software for the hardware systems that perform the separation. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： algorithm development Biomass processing Grading and sorting Gray value Machine vision MATLAB

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Scheme for detection of low clouds from geostationary weather satellite imagery

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ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH 2014年 143卷 250-264页

作者： Ishida, Haruma Miura, Kentaro Matsuda, Teruaki Ogawara, Kakuji Goto, Azumi Matsuura, Kuniaki Sato, Yoshiko Nakajima, Takashi Y. Yamaguchi Univ Grad Sch Sci & Engn Ube Yamaguchi 7558611 Japan Japan Weather Assoc Toshima Ku Tokyo 1706055 Japan Tokai Univ Res & Informat Ctr Shibuya Ku Tokyo 1510063 Japan

A simple and practical scheme for low cloud detection at sea based on geostationary weather satellite data is proposed. The scheme consists of several threshold discrimination tests, and time-consuming procedures are eschewed in order to enable near-real-time analysis. This scheme also minimizes the use of data other than from geostationary weather satellites, leading to a convenient low cloud detection procedure without ancillary data. Careful investigation of the radiative properties of low water clouds from radiative transfer simulation and satellite observations enables full utilization of the characteristics of satellite data and realization of the simple scheme. The threshold values, which should possess high generality, for the discrimination tests are obtained from statistical comparisons of Multi-function Transport Satellite-2 data to grid point value data, which allows for extensive data collection and eliminates the localities and anomalies. Verification by comparisons with radiosonde and lidar on satellite suggests that results obtained from the proposed low cloud detection scheme are reasonable. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Satellite remote sensing Low cloud detection algorithm development Geostationary weather satellites

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algorithm for Sea Surface Wind Retrieval From TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X Data

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING 2014年第5期52卷 2928-2939页

作者： Li, Xiao-Ming Lehner, Susanne German Aerosp Ctr DLR Remote Sensing Technol Inst D-82234 Wessling Germany

A geophysical model function (GMF), which is denoted by XMOD2, is developed to retrieve sea surface wind field from X-band TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X (TS-X/TD-X) data. In contrast to the previously developed XMOD1, XMOD2 consists of a nonlinear GMF, and thus, it depicts the difference between upwind and downwind of the sea surface backscatter in X-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. By exploiting 371 collocations with in situ buoy measurements that are used as the tuning data set together with analysis wind model results, the retrieved TS-X/TD-X sea surface wind speed using XMOD2 shows a close agreement with buoy measurements with a bias of -0.32 m/s, a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 1.44 m/s, and a scatter index (SI) of 16.0%. Further validation using an independent data set of 52 cases shows a bias of -0.17 m/s, an RMSE of 1.48 m/s, and an SI of 17.0% comparing with buoy measurements. To apply XMOD2 to TS-X/TD-X data acquired at HH polarization, we validate three X-band SAR polarization ratio models that were tuned using TS-X dual-polarization data by comparing the retrieved sea surface wind speed with buoy measurements.

关键词： algorithm development sea surface wind X-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR)

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Volume constraint model and algorithm for the 0-1 knapsack problem

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Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 2015年第11期9卷 922-925页

作者： Ofosu, M.A. Amponsah, S.K. Appau-Yeboah, F. Department of Mathematics Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Mathematics and Statistics Kumasi Polytechnic Kumasi Ghana

Today's economic environment has highlighted the importance of properly optimizing every organization's asset including space and facilities portfolio. Reducing space cost by using space more efficiently can release funds for other more important activities according to the National Audit Office (NAO) space management in higher education. Utilization rate is a function of a frequency rate and an occupancy rate. The frequency rate measures the proportion of time that space is used compared to its capacity. In this study, we have proposed a new model formulation and algorithm design for the 0-1 knapsack problem. Our proposed algorithm considers volume or space occupancy of the items as paramount, since no matter how profitable the item is to the camper if the volume or the size is bigger than that of the volume of the knapsack since every knapsack also has a volume, there would be no need to force it into the knapsack. The most interesting thing about the algorithm is that, it eliminates symmetric branching tree and the lazy sorting used by most algorithms in the literature. Computational experiments provided also show that our proposed algorithm can be among the most efficient algorithms available in the literature. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2015.

关键词： 0-1 knapsack problem algorithm development Knapsack model Volume constraint

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Special Section Guest Editorial: Progress in Snow Remote Sensing

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JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING 2014年第1期8卷

作者： Xie, Hongjie Huang, Chunlin Liang, Tiangang Univ Texas San Antonio Lab Remote Sensing & Geoinformat San Antonio TX 78249 USA Chinese Acad Sci Cold & Arid Regions Environm & Engn Res Inst Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China Lanzhou Univ State Key Lab Grassland Agroecosyst Lanzhou 730020 Peoples R China

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GPI PSF subtraction with TLOCI: the next evolution in exoplanet/disk high-contrast imaging 4

GPI PSF subtraction with TLOCI: the next evolution in exopla...

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Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems IV

作者： Marois, Christian Correia, Carlos Galicher, Raphael Ingraham, Patrick Macintosh, Bruce Currie, Thayne De Rosa, Rob Natl Res Council Canada Victoria BC V9E 2E7 Canada Univ Porto Ctr Astrophys P-4150762 Oporto Portugal UPMC CNRS Observ Paris LESIA F-92195 Meudon France Denis Diderot Paris 7 F-92195 Meudon France Stanford Univ Stanford CA 94305 USA Univ Toronto Toronto ON M5S 3H4 Canada Arizona State Univ Sch Earth & Space Explorat Tempe AZ 85287 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496164

To directly image exoplanets and faint circumstellar disks, the noisy stellar halo must be suppressed to a high level. To achieve this feat, the angular differential imaging observing technique and the least-squares Locally Optimized Combination of Images (LOCI) algorithm have now become the standard in single band direct imaging observations and data reduction. With the development and commissioning of new high-order high-contrast adaptive optics equipped with integral field units, the image subtraction algorithm needs to be modi fied to allow the optimal use of polychromatic images, field-rotated images and archival data. A new algorithm, TLOCI (for Template LOCI), is designed to achieve this task by maximizing a companion signal-to-noise ratio instead of simply minimizing the noise as in the original LOCI algorithm. The TLOCI technique uses an input spectrum and template Point Spread Functions (PSFs, generated from unocculted and unsaturated stellar images) to optimize the reference image least-squares coefficients to minimize the planet self-subtraction, thus maximizing its throughput per wavelength, while simultaneously providing a maximum suppression of the speckle noise. The new algorithm has been developed using on-sky GPI data and has achieved impressive contrast. This paper presents the TLOCI algorithm, on-sky performance, and will discuss the challenges in recovering the planet spectrum with high fidelity.

关键词： Planets Point spread functions Gemini Planet Imager Speckle Signal to noise ratio Contamination algorithm development Stars Photonic integrated circuits Methane

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Further developments in addressing depth-variant 3D fluorescence microscopy imaging

Further developments in addressing depth-variant 3D fluoresc...

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Conference on Three-Dimensional and Multidimensional Microscopy - Image Acquisition and Processing XXI

作者： Ghosh, Sreya Schaefer, Lutz Schuster, Dietwald Preza, Chrysanthe Univ Memphis Dept Elect & Comp Engn Memphis TN 38152 USA Adv Imaging Methodol Consultat Kitchener ON Canada Regensburg Univ Appl Sci Regensburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780819498625

Three-dimensional (3D) imaging with optical sectioning microscopy uses computational methods to obtain the true fluorescence distribution by ameliorating the effect of defocus, spherical aberration and noise. Inverse algorithms improve image quality at a fraction of the cost of implementing an optical system by accurate modeling of the imaging system. Good inverse imaging algorithms need to be accurate as well as fast. Better understanding of the image formation model is vital to obtain improved restoration through model-based algorithms. Forward imaging models based on a depth-varying point-spread function (DV-PSF) leads to a substantial improvement in the resulting images because it accounts for depth-induced aberrations present in the imaging system. PSFs at every layer can be represented using their principal components. Computation of the forward imaging model using a principal component analysis (PCA) representation of the DV-PSF requires fewer convolutions than a strata based approach investigated in the past. In this paper we present a new algorithm for maximum likelihood image restoration developed based on a PCA representation of the DV-PSF and an accelerated conjugate gradient (CG) iteration scheme. Results obtained with this PCA-CG algorithm from both simulated and experimental fluorescence microscope data are discussed and compared with results obtained from a CG iteration method based on the strata model and linear interpolation of the DV-PSF. The performance of the PCA-CG algorithms is shown to be promising for practical applications.

关键词： Point spread functions Principal component analysis 3D image processing Expectation maximization algorithms 3D modeling Image restoration algorithm development Computer simulations Luminescence Reconstruction algorithms

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