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Measurement of Hearing Loss due to Perforated Tympanic Membrane using Image Processing Techniques 11

Measurement of Hearing Loss due to Perforated Tympanic Membr...

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Conference on Smart Biomedical and Physiological Sensor Technology XI

作者： Sardesai, Neha Sardesai, Ravindra Chang, Chein-, I Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty 1000 Hilltop Circle Baltimore MD 21250 USA Jehangir Hosp Pune Maharashtra India

ISBN: (纸本)9781628410440

The tympanic membrane (ear drum) is a thin tissue film that is stretched between the outer and middle ear. Sound waves travel from outside the ear, and strike the tympanic membrane resulting in its vibration. These vibrations amplify the sound waves and transmit them to the ossicles (auditory bones). The magnitude of amplification is directly proportional to vibrating area of tympanic membrane. Hence a perforation in this membrane would result in hearing loss. Pure-tone audiometry is the traditional procedure used to detect the amount of hearing loss in a patient. However, it is lengthy and less efficient, as it largely depends on the response of the patient to sound intensity and frequency of pure-tones. We present a relatively more efficient approach to determine hearing loss due to perforated tympanic membrane using image processing techniques. We describe an algorithm that uses unsharp masking to sharpen images of the perforations as well as the tympanic membrane. Then, it converts the image into a binary image using thresholding. A median filter is applied to get rid of the noise component in the image. The ratio of the area of perforation and total area of tympanic membrane will define the percentage of hearing loss. Our approach will eliminate the error introduced due to patient dependency as in the traditional method.

关键词： Ear Image processing Bone algorithm development Binary data Image enhancement Sensors Brain Nerve Tissues

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An overview of Neural Network applications for soil moisture retrieval from radar satellite sensors 14

An overview of Neural Network applications for soil moisture...

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Conference on SAR Image Analysis, Modeling, and Techniques XIV

作者： Santi, E. Paloscia, S. Pettinato, S. CNR IFAC Florence Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781628413069

Frequent and spatially distributed measurements of soil moisture (SMC), at different spatial scales, are advisable for all applications related to the environmental disciplines, such as climatology, meteorology, hydrology and agriculture. Satellite sensors operating in the low part of microwave spectrum are very suitable for this purpose, and their signals can be directly related to the moisture content of the observed surfaces, provided that all the contributions from soil and vegetation to the measured signal are properly accounted for. Among the algorithms used for the retrieval of SMC from both active (i.e. Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR or real aperture radars) and passive (radiometers) microwave sensors, the artificial neural networks (ANN) represent the best compromise between accuracy and computation speed. ANN based algorithms have been developed at IFAC, and adapted to several radar and radiometric satellite sensors, in order to generate SMC products at different spatial resolutions, varying from hundreds of meters to tens of kilometers. These algorithms, which use the ANN techniques for inverting theoretical and semi-empirical models, such as Advanced Integral Equation (AIEM), Oh models, and Radiative transfer Theory (RTT), have been adapted to the C-band acquisitions from SAR (Envisat/ASAR) and real aperture radar (ASCAT) and to the X-band SAR acquisitions of Cosmo-SkyMed and TerraSAR-X. Moreover, a specific ANN algorithm has also been implemented for the L-band active and passive acquisitions of the incoming SMAP mission. The latter satellite will carry onboard simultaneously one radar and one radiometer operating at the same frequency, but with different spatial resolutions (3 and 40 km, respectively). Large datasets of co-located satellite acquisitions and direct SMC measurements on several test sites located worldwide have been used along with simulations derived from forward electromagnetic models for setting up, training and validating these algorit

关键词： Soil science Radar Satellites Polarization Synthetic aperture radar algorithm development Data modeling Vegetation Sensors Microwave radiation

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A Super-resolution algorithm for Enhancement of FLASH LIDAR Data: Flight Test Results

A Super-resolution Algorithm for Enhancement of FLASH LIDAR ...

引用

Conference on Computational Imaging XII

作者： Bulyshev, Alexander Amzajerdian, Farzin Roback, Eric Reisse, Robert Analyt Mech Associates Inc Hampton VA 23666 USA NASA Langley Res Ctr Hampton VA 23681 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819499370

This paper describes the results of a 3D super-resolution algorithm applied to the range data obtained from a recent Flash Lidar helicopter flight test. The flight test was conducted by the NASA's Autonomous Landing and Hazard Avoidance Technology (ALHAT) project over a simulated lunar terrain facility at NASA Kennedy Space Center. ALHAT is developing the technology for safe autonomous landing on the surface of celestial bodies: Moon, Mars, asteroids. One of the test objectives was to verify the ability of 3D super-resolution technique to generate high resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) and to determine time resolved relative positions and orientations of the vehicle. 3D super-resolution algorithm was developed earlier and tested in computational modeling, and laboratory experiments, and in a few dynamic experiments using a moving truck. Prior to the helicopter flight test campaign, a 100mX100m hazard field was constructed having most of the relevant extraterrestrial hazard: slopes, rocks, and craters with different sizes. Data were collected during the flight and then processed by the super-resolution code. The detailed DEM of the hazard field was constructed using independent measurement to be used for comparison. ALHAT navigation system data were used to verify abilities of super-resolution method to provide accurate relative navigation information. Namely, the 6 degree of freedom state vector of the instrument as a function of time was restored from super-resolution data. The results of comparisons show that the super-resolution method can construct high quality DEMs and allows for identifying hazards like rocks and craters within the accordance of ALHAT requirements.

关键词： LIDAR Super resolution 3D image processing algorithm development Image processing 3D modeling Detection and tracking algorithms Spatial resolution Navigation systems Pulsed laser operation

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Design of Anthropomorphic Textured Phantoms for CT Performance Evaluation

Design of Anthropomorphic Textured Phantoms for CT Performan...

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Medical Imaging - Physics of Medical Imaging

作者： Solomon, Justin Bochud, Francois Samei, Ehsan Duke Univ Med Ctr Dept Radiol Carl E Ravin Adv Imaging Labs Durham NC 27706 USA Duke Univ Pratt Sch Engn Dept Biomed Engn Dept Elect & Comp Engn Durham NC 27706 USA Duke Univ Grad Sch Med Phys Grad Program Durham NC 27706 USA Univ Lausanne Hosp Inst Radiat Phys Lausanne Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9780819498267

Commercially available computed tomography (CT) technologies such as iterative reconstruction (IR) have the potential to enable reduced patient doses while maintaining diagnostic image quality. However, systematically determining safe dose reduction levels for IR algorithms is a challenging task due to their non-linear nature. Most attempts to evaluate IR algorithms rely on measurements made in uniform phantoms. Such measurements may overstate the dose reduction potential of IR because they don't account for the complex relationship between anatomical variability and image quality. The purpose of this study was to design anatomically informed textured phantoms for CT performance evaluation. Two phantoms were designed to represent lung and soft-tissue textures. The lung phantom includes intricate vessel-like structures along with embedded nodules (spherical, lobulated, and spiculated). The soft tissue phantom was designed based on a three-dimensional clustered lumpy background with included low-contrast lesions (spherical and anthropomorphic). The phantoms were built using rapid prototyping (3D printing) technology and imaged on a modern multi-slice clinical CT scanner to assess the noise performance of a commercial IR algorithm in the context of uniform and textured backgrounds. Fifty repeated acquisitions were acquired for each background type and noise was assessed by measuring pixel standard deviation, across the ensemble of repeated acquisitions. For pixels in uniform areas, the IR algorithm reduced noise magnitude (STD) by 60% (compared to FBP). However, for edge pixels, the noise magnitude in the IR images ranged from 20% higher to 40% lower compared to FBP. In all FBP images and in IR images of the uniform phantom, noise appeared to be globally non-stationary (i.e., spatially dependent) but locally stationary (within a reasonably small region of interest). In the IR images of the textured phantoms, the noise was globally and locally non-stationary.

关键词： Infrared imaging Lung 3D printing Denoising Computed tomography Reconstruction algorithms Image quality X-ray computed tomography Spherical lenses algorithm development

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Printer technology authentication from micrometric scan of a single printed dot

Printer technology authentication from micrometric scan of a...

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Conference on Media Watermarking, Security, and Forensics

作者： Nguyen, Q-T Delignon, Y. Chagas, L. Septier, F. TELECOM Lille1 LAGIS UMR CNRS 8146 Inst Mines Telecom Rue Guglielmo Marconi F-59653 Villeneuve Dascq France LGP2 CNRS 5518 UMR F-38402 St Martin Dheres France

ISBN: (纸本)9780819499455

In this paper we are concerned by authentication of printer technologies from microscopic analysis of paper print. At this scale, a print is made of regularly spaced dots whose shape varies from a print to another and also inside the same document. Thus, dot at the microscopic scale can be considered as an intrinsic signature of printer technologies. Modeling and estimating such a signature for the authentication of printer technologies are really challenging. In this paper, we propose an original modeling of the micrometric scan of document printing. It consists in an extension of the binary response model which takes into account the dot shape. The digital image of a dot is therefore modeled as a set of random pixels distributed following to the so called inverse link function which depends on the center, tone of black, its spreading and its shape. A maximum likelihood estimation algorithm is provided in order to estimate the location, the darkness, the scale and shape parameter of the dot. From experimental results on three different printer technologies (inkjet, laser and offset), we show that the shape parameter is relevant for designing an identification scheme of printer technologies.

关键词： Printing Inkjet technology Binary data Picosecond phenomena Statistical analysis algorithm development Nonimpact printing Computer simulations Digital imaging Laser applications

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Compressed Data for the Movie Industry

Compressed Data for the Movie Industry

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Conference on Next-Generation Optical Communication - Components, Sub-Systems, and Systems III

作者： Tice, Bradley S. Adv Human Design Turlock CA 95380 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819499226

The paper will present a compression algorithm that will allow for both random and non-random sequential binary strings of data to be compressed for storage and transmission of media information. The compression system has direct applications to the storage and transmission of digital media such as movies, television, audio signals and other visual and auditory signals needed for engineering practicalities in such industries.

关键词： Binary data Computing systems algorithm development Data storage Visualization Software Visual compression Telecommunications Data compression Televisions

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Automated Cellular Pathology in Noninvasive Confocal Microscopy

Automated Cellular Pathology in Noninvasive Confocal Microsc...

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Conference on Optical Biopsy XII

作者： Ting, Monica Krueger, James Gareau, Daniel Rockefeller Univ Lab Invest Dermatol New York NY 10065 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819498533

A computer algorithm was developed to automatically identify and count melanocytes and keratinocytes in 3D reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) images of the skin. Computerized pathology increases our understanding and enables prevention of superficial spreading melanoma (SSM). Machine learning involved looking at the images to measure the size of cells through a 2-D Fourier transform and developing an appropriate mask with the erf() function to model the cells. Implementation involved processing the images to identify cells whose image segments provided the least difference when subtracted from the mask. With further simplification of the algorithm, the program may be directly implemented on the RCM images to indicate the presence of keratinocytes in seconds and to quantify the keratinocytes size in the en face plane as a function of depth. Using this system, the algorithm can identify any irregularities in maturation and differentiation of keratinocytes, thereby signaling the possible presence of cancer.

关键词： Image segmentation Confocal microscopy Melanoma Skin Spatial frequencies algorithm development Fourier transforms Image processing algorithms and systems Reflectivity Pathology

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An Iterative Model-Based Cogging Compensator for the Green Bank Telescope Servo System 5

An Iterative Model-Based Cogging Compensator for the Green B...

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Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes V

作者： Franke, Timothy Weadon, Tim Ford, John Garcia-sanz, Mario Case Western Reserve Univ Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn Cleveland OH 44106 USA Natl Radio Astron Observ Green Bank WV USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496133

This paper outlines an anti-cogging methodology and summarizes the current state of motor cogging cancellation on the Green Bank Telescope (GBT). An iterative, model-based algorithm is developed for finding the anti-cogging signal which yields rapid convergence. This method fills a gap in present methodologies in that it can serve as a drop-in cogging solution which operates in the presence of unknown structural dynamics as well as with an existing feedback controller. The algorithm is described and demonstrated on a 40 HP DC brushed motor test bed and also on the GBT's elevation axis motors. Results and implementation experience from deploying the algorithm on a motor test bed and on the GBT are discussed.

关键词： Telescopes Data modeling Feedback control Servomechanisms Control systems Model-based design Structural dynamics Actinium algorithm development System identification

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Pre-processing algorithm and airborne campaign result analysis of a rotating fan-beam scatterometer 3

Pre-processing algorithm and airborne campaign result analys...

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Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - development, Implementation, and Characterization III

作者： Xu, Xing-ou Dong, Xiaolong Zhu, Di Lin, Wenming Chinese Acad Sci Natl Space Sci Ctr CAS Key Lab Microwave Remote Sensing Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Inst Marine Sci ICM CSIC Barcelona 08003 Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781628413311

A Rotating fan-beam scatterometer (RFSCAT), which provides a set of different incidence and azimuth angle combinations and wide continuous swath coverage, will be flown on the Chinese-French Oceanography Satellite (CFOSAT). In this paper, a pre-processing algorithm is developed to estimate the backscatter coefficient (sigma(0)) of RFSCAT, which includes the procedures of system distortion correction, thermal noise removal, internal signal calibration, and elimination of the observing geometry effects. The algorithm is then tested using the experimental data from an airborne campaign. The estimated s0 are consistent with Nscat-2 geophysical model function (GMF), indicating that the pre-processing chain acts well for RFSCAT.

关键词： Calibration Signal processing Interference (communication) Digital signal processing Distortion Radar algorithm development Antennas Backscatter Satellites

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Advances in Barkhausen Noise Analysis

Advances in Barkhausen Noise Analysis

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Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems

作者： Meyendorf, Norbert Hillmann, Susanne Cikalova, Ulana Schreiber, Juergen Fraunhofer Inst Nondestruct Testing IZFP Dresden Branch Dresden Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780819499875

The magnetic Barkhausen Noise technique is a well suited method for the characterization of ferromagnetic materials. The Barkhausen effect results in an interaction between the magnetic structure and the microstructure of materials, and is sensitive to the stresses and microstructure related mechanical properties. Barkhausen noise is a complex signal that provides a large amount of information, for example frequency spectrum, amplitude, RMS value, dependence of magnetic field strength, magnetization frequency and fractal behavior. Although this technique has a lot potentials, it is not commonly used in nondestructive material testing. Large sensors and complex calibration procedures made the method impractical for many applications. However, research has progressed in recent years;new sensor designs were developed and evaluated, new algorithms to simplify the calibration and measurement procedures were developed as well as analysis of additional material properties have been introduced.

关键词： Magnetism Sensors Calibration Interference (communication) Nondestructive evaluation Electrodes Magnetic sensors algorithm development Ferromagnetics Analytical research

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