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检索条件"主题词=Algorithm Development"

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Stochastic Functional Central Limit Theorems with Applications to Control of Uncertain Systems 21

Stochastic Functional Central Limit Theorems with Applicatio...

引用

Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology XXI

作者： Chen, Xinjia Northwestern State Univ Louisiana Dept Engn Technol Natchitoches LA 71497 USA

ISBN: (数字)9781510627086

ISBN: (纸本)9781510627086

A persistent concern of control engineering is the performance of systems in the presence of uncertainty. In this paper, we consider uncertainties affecting systems as stochastic processes of independent stationary increments. We show that in many situations the performance of an uncertain system can be measured by a function of a parametric stopping time and associated values of stochastic processes. Under some mild regularity conditions, we demonstrate that the performance measure is governed by stochastic functional central limit theorems as the parameters of the stopping time tend to certain values. Such results can be applied to the analysis and design of control systems affected by uncertainties.

关键词： Stochastic processes Control systems Statistical analysis Control systems design Matrices Computer simulations algorithm development Device simulation Performance modeling Systems modeling

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TOWARD QUANTIFYING INFRARED CLUTTER

TOWARD QUANTIFYING INFRARED CLUTTER

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CONF ON CHARACTERIZATION, PROPAGATION, AND SIMULATION OF INFRARED SCENES

作者： REYNOLDS, WR Keweenaw Research Ctr./Michigan Technological Univ. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819403628

Target detection in clutter depends sensitively on the spatial structure of the latter. In particular, it is the ratio of the target size to the clutter inhomogeneity scale which is of crucial importance. Indeed, looking for the leopard in the background of leopard skin is a difficult task. Hence quantifying thermal clutter is essential to the development of successful detection algorithms and signature analysis. This paper describes an attempt at clutter characterization along with several applications using calibrated thermal imagery collected by the Keweenaw Research Center. The key idea is to combine spatial and intensity statistics of the clutter into one number in order to characterize intensity variations over the length scale imposed by the target. Furthermore, when properly normalized, this parameter appears independent of temporal meteorological variation, thereby constituting a background scene invariant. This measure has a basis in analysis of variance and is related to digital signal processing fundamentals. Statistical analysis of thermal images is presented with promising results.

关键词： Target detection Thermography Infrared radiation Infrared imaging Infrared sensors Statistical analysis algorithm development Automatic target recognition Detection and tracking algorithms Spatial frequencies

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EFFICIENT COMPUTATION OF VARIOUS TYPES OF SKELETONS

EFFICIENT COMPUTATION OF VARIOUS TYPES OF SKELETONS

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CONF ON MEDICAL IMAGING 5 : IMAGE PROCESSING

作者： VINCENT, L Harvard Univ. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)081940540X

The skeleton transformation is particularly useful in the field of image processing and may be computed by various techniques. This paper describes a new skeleton algorithm, which is based on the original concept of anchor point, i.e. of point that the skeleton is bound to contain. Its first step consists in extracting the desired anchor points. Then, the set X to skeletonize is progressively thinned in such a way that, on the one hand, the anchor points can never be removed and on the other hand, the homotopy of X cannot be modified. This operation is efficiently implemented thanks to a queue of pixels. The algorithm turns out to be extremely efficient and accurate on conventional computers. Furthermore, it allows to deal not only with standard skeletons, but also with such objects as minimal skeletons, homotopic markings, smoothed and pruned skeletons, etc. Its flexibility is also proved by the facts that it works both in the Euclidean and the geodesic cases, that its adaptation to any kind of grid is straight forward and that it can even be extend to n-dimensional images and to graphs skeletons in image analysis and shape recognition.

关键词： Image processing Binary data Image analysis Shape analysis Osmium Computing systems algorithm development Dendrites Image compression Mathematical morphology

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FAST POSITION MEASUREMENT USING CCD

FAST POSITION MEASUREMENT USING CCD

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2nd International Symposium on Measurement Technology and Intelligent Instruments

作者： YUAN, F DING, ZL XU, J JIANG, ZM QIANG, XF HARBIN INST TECHNOL DEPT PRECIS INSTRUMENTSHARBIN 150006PEOPLES R CHINA

ISBN: (纸本)0819413844

A measurement system of position composed of CCD image sensor hardware circuits and a single chip microprocessor system is presented in this paper. It makes use of hardware circuits and software to realize a dynamic WifldoW in which the position signal is contained when doing measurement. Coupled with interpolation and look up table technique subpixel a c c Li r a c y and high rate measurment can be achieved. This measurement system can be used in aligning ziicasuring angle pointing etc.

关键词： Charge-coupled devices Signal processing CCD image sensors algorithm development Digital signal processing Sensors Electronic circuits Lithium Optical amplifiers Software development

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Design of Anthropomorphic Textured Phantoms for CT Performance Evaluation

Design of Anthropomorphic Textured Phantoms for CT Performan...

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Medical Imaging - Physics of Medical Imaging

作者： Solomon, Justin Bochud, Francois Samei, Ehsan Duke Univ Med Ctr Dept Radiol Carl E Ravin Adv Imaging Labs Durham NC 27706 USA Duke Univ Pratt Sch Engn Dept Biomed Engn Dept Elect & Comp Engn Durham NC 27706 USA Duke Univ Grad Sch Med Phys Grad Program Durham NC 27706 USA Univ Lausanne Hosp Inst Radiat Phys Lausanne Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9780819498267

Commercially available computed tomography (CT) technologies such as iterative reconstruction (IR) have the potential to enable reduced patient doses while maintaining diagnostic image quality. However, systematically determining safe dose reduction levels for IR algorithms is a challenging task due to their non-linear nature. Most attempts to evaluate IR algorithms rely on measurements made in uniform phantoms. Such measurements may overstate the dose reduction potential of IR because they don't account for the complex relationship between anatomical variability and image quality. The purpose of this study was to design anatomically informed textured phantoms for CT performance evaluation. Two phantoms were designed to represent lung and soft-tissue textures. The lung phantom includes intricate vessel-like structures along with embedded nodules (spherical, lobulated, and spiculated). The soft tissue phantom was designed based on a three-dimensional clustered lumpy background with included low-contrast lesions (spherical and anthropomorphic). The phantoms were built using rapid prototyping (3D printing) technology and imaged on a modern multi-slice clinical CT scanner to assess the noise performance of a commercial IR algorithm in the context of uniform and textured backgrounds. Fifty repeated acquisitions were acquired for each background type and noise was assessed by measuring pixel standard deviation, across the ensemble of repeated acquisitions. For pixels in uniform areas, the IR algorithm reduced noise magnitude (STD) by 60% (compared to FBP). However, for edge pixels, the noise magnitude in the IR images ranged from 20% higher to 40% lower compared to FBP. In all FBP images and in IR images of the uniform phantom, noise appeared to be globally non-stationary (i.e., spatially dependent) but locally stationary (within a reasonably small region of interest). In the IR images of the textured phantoms, the noise was globally and locally non-stationary.

关键词： Infrared imaging Lung 3D printing Denoising Computed tomography Reconstruction algorithms Image quality X-ray computed tomography Spherical lenses algorithm development

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Calibration methods and results for the advanced solid-state array spectroradiometer (ASAS)

Calibration methods and results for the advanced solid-state...

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Conference on Multispectral Imaging for Terrestrial Applications

作者： Dabney, PW Tierney, MR Irons, JR Kovalick, WM Bur, MC Russell, CA NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr. (United States) Hughes STX (United States) Univ. of Maryland/College Park (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819422061

Improved methods for calibrating and characterizing the CCD array based off-nadir tiltable Advanced Solid-State Array Spectroradiometer (ASAS) were developed and applied. Sensor characteristics such as radiometric sensitivity, polarization sensitivity, signal-to-noise-ratio, temperature sensitivity, spectral bandpass, spectral distortion, and spatial resolution were measured. Radiometric sensitivity, array temperature sensitivity, and signal-to-noise were measured using a Barium Sulfate coated integrating hemisphere whose output calibration is traceable to NIST. Polarization sensitivity was measured for 62 spectral bands across all 512 spatial pixels (31 K pixels). Spectral bandpass and spectral distortion were measured using a 0.5 meter doublepass monochromator. Spatial resolution (given as the modulation-transfer-function - MTF) and distortion were measured using a combination of monochromatic collimated light to directly measure the point-spread-function (PSF) and the edge spread function (ESF) derived from actual image data. The MTF obtain using the two techniques are compared. Potential improvements to the test setups and methods are described.

关键词： Calibration Polarization Signal to noise ratio Sensors Point spread functions Modulation transfer functions Lithium Spectral calibration Monochromators algorithm development

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A Modified ICP algorithm for Normal-Guided Surface Registration

A Modified ICP Algorithm for Normal-Guided Surface Registrat...

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Conference on Medical Imaging 2010 - Image Processing

作者： Muench, Daniel Combes, Benoit Prima, Sylvain INSERM U746 F-35042 Rennes France INRIA VisAGeS Project Team F-35042 Rennes France Univ Rennes 1 CNRS IRISA UMR 6074 F-35042 Rennes France

ISBN: (纸本)9780819480248

The iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm is probably the most popular algorithm for fine registration of surfaces. Among its key properties are: a simple minimization scheme, proofs of convergence as well as the easiness to modify and improve it in many ways (e. g. use of fuzzy point correspondences, incorporation of a priori knowledge, extensions to non-linear deformations, speed-up strategies, etc.) while keeping the desirable properties of the original method. However, most ICP-like registration methods suffer from the fact that they only consider the distance between the surfaces to register in the criterion to minimize, and thus are highly dependent on how the surfaces are aligned in the first place. This explains why these methods are likely to be trapped in local minima and to lead to erroneous solutions. A solution to partly alleviate this problem would consist in adding higher-order information in the criterion to minimize (e. g. normals, curvatures, etc.), but previous works along these research tracks have led to computationally intractable minimization schemes. In this paper, we propose a new way to include the point unit normals in addition to the point coordinates to derive an ICP-like scheme for non-linear registration of surfaces, and we show how to keep the properties of the original ICP algorithm. Our algorithm rests on a simple formula showing how the unit normal changes when a surface undergoes a small deformation. The use of this formula in an ICP-like algorithm is made possible by adequate implementation choices, most notably the use of a local, differentiable, parametrization of the surfaces and a locally affine deformation model using this local parametrization. Then we experimentally show the strong added value of using the unit normals in a series of controlled experiments.

关键词： Bismuth Evolutionary algorithms algorithm development Fuzzy logic Affine motion model Medical imaging Clouds Image processing Linear algebra Surgery

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A distributed evolutionary algorithmic approach to the least-cost connected constrained sub-graph and power control problem

A distributed evolutionary algorithmic approach to the least...

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Conference on Digital Wireless Communications VI

作者： Tillett, J Rao, R Sahin, F Rao, TM Rochester Inst Technol Rochester NY 14623 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819453633

When wireless sensors are capable of variable transmit power and are battery powered, it is important to select the appropriate transmit power level for the node. Lowering the transmit power of the sensor nodes imposes a natural clustering on the network and has been shown to improve throughput of the network. However, a common transmit power level is not appropriate for inhomogeneous networks. A possible fitness-based approach, motivated by an evolutionary optimization technique, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is proposed and extended in a novel way to determine the appropriate transmit power of each sensor node. A distributed version of PSO is developed and explored using experimental fitness to achieve an approximation of least-cost connectivity.

关键词： Particles Particle swarm optimization Sensors Sensor networks Computer simulations Detection and tracking algorithms Silicon algorithm development Evolutionary optimization Wireless communications

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INTERACTIVE TASK PLANNING SYSTEM FOR SPACE ROBOTS

INTERACTIVE TASK PLANNING SYSTEM FOR SPACE ROBOTS

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1993 SPIE Technical Conference on Telemanipulator Technology and Space Telerobotics

作者： OKABAYASHI, K WATANABE, I AOKI, T MARUYAMA, T UCHIYAMA, T FUJITSU LABS LTD NAKAHARA KUKAWASAKIKANAGAWA 211JAPAN

ISBN: (纸本)0819413224

For space robots telemanipulation long communication delay and operator load are serious problems. We have developed a useful off-line robot motion planning system. The operator enters commands using object-level instructions, and low-level actions like path planning, sensor feedback, etc. are generated and executed automatically. The command generation and path planning algorithms in this system are original. The path planning algorithm can generate a collision free path in a few seconds using ready-made suggested paths which we call path- templates. The system greatly simplifies the operator's task and also frees the operator from dealing with the communication delay inherent in space robot telemanipulation.

关键词： Space robots Sensors Motion models Human-machine interfaces Telecommunications Robotic systems algorithm development Relays Visualization Control systems

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ULTRAWIDEBAND SAR CLUTTER SUPPRESSION BY AR SPECTRAL ESTIMATION

ULTRAWIDEBAND SAR CLUTTER SUPPRESSION BY AR SPECTRAL ESTIMAT...

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Conference on algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery

作者： SHAW, SW SRI INT MENLO PKCA 94025

ISBN: (纸本)0819415340

Ultrawideband (UWB) SAR images often contain clutter and other types of spatially correlated noise. To reduce these effects, we have developed a complex, multichannel, autoregressive image- modeling and inverse-filtering algorithm. Our algorithm extends a previously reported technique to include complex image data and a solution to the directionality problem of 2D AR models. A multichannel image pixel, represented by a vector, is modeled as an autoregressive process with a nonsymmetric half-plane (NSHP) support region. The parameters of this NSHP AR model, represented as matrices, are estimated by minimizing a squared residual. To account for possible nonstationarity in the image statistics, the estimation is performed over a series of small subwindows, which lends a degree of adaptabtility to the algorithm. Once estimates of the complex AR parameter matrices are obtained, they are used in an inverse filter. To account for the directionality inherent in the NSHP filter, we have adopted a bi-directional filtering approach, with the results of the two filters combined such that targets are enhanced and clutter is minimized. This algorithm has been applied to various UWB SAR images and shown to be an effective whitening filter. The resulting signal-to-clutter enhancement depends on a variety of factors, including clutter statistics, target size, and AR model order. A version of the whitening algorithm has been incorporated into our standard set of tools for processing UWB SAR images.

关键词： Autoregressive models Synthetic aperture radar Image processing Detection and tracking algorithms Matrices Data modeling algorithm development Image filtering Statistical analysis Image analysis

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