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Evaluation of assisted image exploitation with extensions to image fusion

Evaluation of assisted image exploitation with extensions to...

引用

Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XII

作者： Irvine, JM Mossing, J Kenny, K Baumann, J Wild, T SAIC Burlington MA 01803 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819449563

The Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Science and Technology (DUSD/S&T), as part of their ongoing ATR Program, has sponsored an effort to develop and demonstrate methods for evaluating ATR algorithms that utilize multiple data sources, i.e., fusion-based ATR. The AFRL COMPASE Center has formed a strong ATR evaluation team and this paper presents results from this program, focusing on the human-in-the-loop, i.e. assisted image exploitation. Reliance on Automated Target Recognition (ATR) technology is essential to the future success of Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) missions. Often, ATR technology is designed to aid the analyst, but the final decision rests with the human. Traditionally, evaluation of ATR systems has focused mainly on the performance of the algorithm. Assessing the benefits of ATR assistance for the user raises interesting methodological challenges. We will review the critical issues associated with evaluations of human-in-the-loop ATR systems and present a methodology for conducting these evaluations. Experimental design issues addressed in this discussion include training, learning effects, and human factors issues. The evaluation process becomes increasingly complex when data fusion is introduced. Even in the absence of ATR assistance, the simultaneous exploitation of multiple frames of co-registered imagery is not well understood. We will explore how the methodology developed for exploitation of a single source of data can be extended to the fusion setting.

关键词： Image fusion Automatic target recognition Sensor fusion Target detection Image analysis Target recognition algorithm development Image sensors Sensor technology Data fusion

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Linear squares modal estimation of wrapped phases: Application to phase unwrappig

Linear squares modal estimation of wrapped phases: Applicati...

引用

19th Congress of the International-Commission-for-Optics

作者： Arines, J Ares, J Univ Santiago Compostela Area Opt E-15782 Galicia Spain

ISBN: (纸本)0819445967

Phase unwrapping continues to be an important step in those techniques that obtain the phase from Fourier-transforms;Fringe pattern analysis. Speckle Interferometry(2), and Phase Recovery among others. In this Letter we propose-a fast two-dimensional phase unwrapping algorithm which consists of a reconstruction of the wrapped phase by modal least-squares estimation. This algorithm has been developed to work with continuos phases that can be developed as a linear combination of a set of orthogonal polynomials. Theoretical description of the method and simulations are presented.

关键词： Reconstruction algorithms algorithm development Fringe analysis Phase interferometry Zernike polynomials Interferometry Matrix multiplication Numerical simulations Phase measurement Speckle

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Object tracking through the atmosphere using adaptive optics

Object tracking through the atmosphere using adaptive optics

引用

Conference on Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems V

作者： Canales, VF Oti, JE de Juana, DM Cagigal, MP Univ Cantabria Dept Fis Aplicada E-39005 Santander Spain

ISBN: (纸本)0819446661

An increasing number of both civilian and military applications require the motion description of translating targets from a sequence of frames acquired through long atmospheric paths.,These images are randomly distorted, due to atmospheric turbulence, although adaptive optics systems can partially compensate for this distortion in real time. In these adverse conditions, a velocimetry technique that is based on the spatio-temporal Fourier transform of a series of images presents several advantageous features. In those cases where the target is very dim or an additional processing time reduction is needed, low-light-level images are recorded. Consequently, we have developed a simulation algorithm that generates atmospherically distorted low-light-level images corresponding to different atmospheric conditions and different degrees of compensation. In this paper, simulated low-light-level images are used to analyze the technique accuracy for estimating the object velocity for several atmospheric conditions and for different correction degrees.

关键词： Adaptive optics Atmospheric optics Photons Fourier transforms Wavefronts Image processing Velocimetry Atmospheric turbulence Signal to noise ratio algorithm development

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Blind deconvolution of images with band-limited point spread functions

Blind deconvolution of images with band-limited point spread...

引用

19th Congress of the International-Commission-for-Optics

作者： Miura, N Kikuchi, K Kitami Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci Kitami Hokkaido 0908507 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0819445967

A blind deconvolution method is proposed for restoring a diffraction-limited object from a convolution image with a band-limited PSF. The method is based on conjugate-gradient minimization of an error metric defined in this paper. An image restored with the proposed method always satisfies nonnegativity constraint. The performance of the method is investigated by computers simulation.

关键词： Point spread functions Deconvolution Convolution Computer simulations algorithm development Fourier transforms Error analysis Image processing Lead Spatial frequencies

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Automatic target recognition of cluttered FLIR imagery using multistage feature extraction and feature repair

Automatic target recognition of cluttered FLIR imagery using...

引用

Conference on Applications of Artificial Neural Networks in Image Processing VII

作者： Rizvi, SA Nasrabadi, NM CUNY Coll Staten Isl Staten Isl NY 10314 USA US Army Res Lab Adelphi MD 20783 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081944815X

Automatic target recognition using forward-looking infrared imagery is a challenging problem because of the highly unpredictable nature of target thermal signatures. The high variability of target signatures, target obscuration, and clutter in the background results in distortion of target features, which are used by the target detection stage to identify a potential target. Consequently, the target detection stage produces a large number of false alarms. Distorted features h the potential targets also make accurate classification of targets difficult. The proposed technique, in essence attempts to repair the distorted features of(1) the targets to improve the target detection/classification accuracy. The proposed technique completes the feature extraction process in two steps: First, the feature vectors are extracted and classified either as complete or incomplete features using feed-forward neural networks. The incomplete features are then transformed into complete features. These features can then be used to identify/classify the targets.

关键词： Forward looking infrared Target detection Feature extraction Prototyping Automatic target recognition Neurons algorithm development Distortion Analytical research Infrared signatures

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On optimal traffic grooming in elemental network topologies

On optimal traffic grooming in elemental network topologies

引用

4th International Conference on Optical Networking and Communications

作者： Dutta, R Huang, S Rouskas, GN N Carolina State Univ Dept Comp Sci Raleigh NC 27695 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819451800

We consider the problem of traffic grooming in WDM path, star, and tree networks. Traffic grooming is a variant of the well-known logical topology design problem, and is concerned with the development of techniques for combining low speed traffic components onto high speed channels in order to minimize network cost. Our contribution is two-fold. In the first part of the paper we settle the complexity of traffic grooming in path and star networks by proving that a number of variants of the problem are computationally hard. Since routing and wavelength assignment in these two topologies is trivial, these results demonstrate that traffic grooming is itself an inherently difficult problem. Our results have implications for ring and other more general topologies, which we explore. In the second part, we design practical grooming algorithms with provable properties. Specifically, for all three topologies, we obtain a series of lower and upper bounds which are increasingly tighter but have considerably higher computational requirements;the series of upper bounds form an algorithm for the traffic grooming problem with strong performance guarantees. We also present corresponding heuristics with good performance. Our work is a first step towards a formal and systematic approach to the grooming problem in,general topologies that builds upon results and algorithms for more elementary networks.

关键词： Stars Switching Opacity Chemical elements Electronic components algorithm development Wavelength division multiplexing Matrices Switches Optical networks

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Finite difference time domain analysis of two dimensional planer scatter

Finite difference time domain analysis of two dimensional pl...

引用

19th Congress of the International-Commission-for-Optics

作者： Shabat, MM Barakat, NM Al-azab, S Jäger, D Islamic Univ. of Gaza (Israel) Ain Shams Univ. (Egypt) Gerhard-Mercator-Univ. (Germany)

ISBN: (纸本)0819445967

An efficent Finite Difference Time Domain approach is proposed for analyzing the propagation characteristics of 2-Dimensional planar scatter. An improved finite difference time-domain method for the analysis of planar scatters is formulated. In order to solve an open initial boundary value problem, an absorbing boundary condition should be used as there are many forms of absorbing boundary conditions. We try to solve the scattering problem by using some absorbing boundary condition (ABC) at boundaries. Excitation pulses are used as sinusoidal and Gaussian. An illustrated example is also presented with the use of Mur's order boundary conditions. The proposed approach could be used easily in designing various waveduide structures. The scattering parameters for various geometrical structure are computed and results found consistent with either proposed values or values previously published. The strength of this approach to boundary conditions is also noticed in terns of the economical. use of personal computer memory.

关键词： Finite-difference time-domain method Scattering algorithm development Electromagnetic scattering Electromagnetism Gaussian pulse Mathematics Structural design Waveguides Americium

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Polynomial time algorithm for hop constrained QoS routing

Polynomial time algorithm for hop constrained QoS routing

引用

Conference on Internet Quality of Service

作者： Verma, S Saxena, AK Indian Inst Informat Technol & Management Gwalior India

ISBN: (纸本)0819451282

The basis of a QoS-based routing algorithm is a dynamic network dependent cost function that is used to find the optimal or at least a feasible route across the network. However, all QoS-based routing algorithms suffer from a major drawback. The cost function at the core of the algorithms identifies segments of the network where resources are ample and exploits them to the benefit of connections that would otherwise cross a congested portion of the network. Thus, the algorithms consume more resources than Minimum Hop routing would do when the network traffic is non-stationary and heavy. QoS-based routing, thus, wastes resources and performs poorly compared with Minimum Hop routing in the event of congestion. The crux of the discussion is that whatever is gained at low or medium network loads, is offset at high network loads. What is required is a resilient algorithm that either allows the migration of a QoS-based routing algorithm to a Minimum Hop algorithm at high loads or air algorithm that merges Minimum Hop and QoS characteristics. The study opts for the latter approach and proposes and exhibits a hop constrained QoS routing algorithm that outperforms traditional QoS routing algorithms during simulation. This routing technique is based on an approximation algorithm that solves the hop constrained routing problem. The algorithm is derived from a dynamic programming FPAS scheme and finds the shortest walk for a single source destination pair in a graph with restricted number of hops when all the edge costs are non-negative. Simulated results demonstrate that routing technique based on the algorithm is robust to changes in the traffic pattern and outperforms other QoS based routing techniques under heavy load conditions.

关键词： Computer programming Computer simulations algorithm development Staring arrays Switches Switching Detection and tracking algorithms Information technology Internet Multimedia

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Object tracking in IR image sequences

Object tracking in IR image sequences

引用

Conference on Acquisition, Tracking, and Pointing XVII

作者： Unal, G Krim, H Sims, R Georgia Inst Technol Sch ECE Atlanta GA 30332 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819449415

In this paper, we present a technique for object tracking in image sequences, which makes use of an active contour framework that moves vertices of a polygon. In this approach, upon capturing boundaries of an object by a polygon from the first few frames of the image sequence, both the spatial segmentation and motion segmentation of a polygonal object can be achieved quickly by involving only the vertex locations and the adjacent edges in the computations. We carry out velocity field estimation at an active polygon vertex using the optical flow constraint on its two adjacent edges. A spatial segmentation phase follows to further refine object's vertex locations estimated by the optical flow. The advantage of our region-based active polygons over continuous active contours in object tracking in video applications is highlighted by its provision of a compact representation of object features, particularly for simply connected target shapes, hence will be essential for their tracking. Application of the method to target tracking in IR image sequences is illustrated.

关键词： Infrared imaging Infrared search and track Image segmentation Optical flow Video Motion estimation Motion measurement algorithm development Detection and tracking algorithms Electrochemical etching

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Computer simulation of influence of residual gas on formation of intensive electronic beams in plasma sources of the charged particles

Computer simulation of influence of residual gas on formatio...

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5th Seminar on Problems of Theoretical and Applied Electron and Ion Optics

作者： Petrovich, ON Polotsk State Univ Polotsk BELARUS

ISBN: (纸本)0819448265

The physics-mathematical model of acceleration gap of intensive electronic beam, which take into account ionization processes and mobility of emitting surface of plasma was suggested. The developed algorithm of calculation of electron-optical systems with the plasma emitter was realized in the programs of numerical simulation of conditions of formation of narrow and tubular electron beams. Numerical simulation has shown, that ionization processes can both positive and negative influences on formation and characteristics of electron beam.

关键词： Plasma Electrodes Ionization Ions Plasma systems algorithm development Molecules Mercury Numerical simulations Particles

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