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Information theoretic signal detection on the time-frequency plane

Information theoretic signal detection on the time-frequency...

引用

Conference on Advanced Signal Processing algorithms Architectures and Implementations XIII

作者： Aviyente, S Michigan State Univ E Lansing MI 48824 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819450782

A comprehensive theory for time-frequency based signal detection has been developed during the past decade. The time-frequency detectors proposed in literature are linear structures operating on the time-frequency representation of the signals and are equivalent to quadratic receivers that are defined in the,time domain. In this paper, an information theoretic approach for signal detection on the time-frequency plane is introduced. In recent years, Renyi entropy has been proposed as an effective measure for quantifying signal complexity on the time-frequency plane and some important properties of this measure have been proven. In this paper, a new approach that uses the entropy functional as the test statistic for signal detection is developed. The minimum error detection algorithm is derived and the performance of this new signal detection method is demonstrated through examples.

关键词： Signal detection Time-frequency analysis Detection and tracking algorithms Interference (communication) Sensors Radar algorithm development Backscatter Signal to noise ratio Receivers

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EM motion segmentation based on MRF model

EM motion segmentation based on MRF model

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Conference on Automatic Target Recognition XIII

作者： Wei, J Gertner, I CUNY City Coll Dept Comp Sci New York NY 10031 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819449547

In our earlier work, a Two-Pass motion estimation algorithm (TPA) was developed to estimate a motion field for two adjacent frames in an image sequence where contextual constraints are handled by several Markov Random Fields (MRFs) and the Most A Posteriori (MAP) configuration is taken to be the resulting motion field. Currently in the disciplines of digital library and video processing of utmost interest are the extraction and representation of visual objects. Instead of estimating motion field, in this paper we focus on segmenting out visual objects based on spatial and temporal properties present in two contiguous frames under the MRF-MAP-MFT scheme. To achieve object segmentation, within the framework of EM optimization a novel concept "motion boundary field" is introduced which can turn off interactions between different object regions and in the mean time remove spurious object boundaries. Furthermore, in light of the generally smooth and slow velocities in-between two contiguous frames, we found that in the process of calculating matching blocks, assigning different weights to different locations can result in better object segmentation.

关键词： Visualization Video Image segmentation Video processing Magnetorheological finishing Motion estimation algorithm development Motion models Image processing Expectation maximization algorithms

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Performance evaluation of MPML-based error resilient video transmission

Performance evaluation of MPML-based error resilient video t...

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Conference on Visual Information Processing XII

作者： Sun, XM Kuo, CCJ Univ So Calif Dept Elect Engn Los Angeles CA 90089 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819449687

The performance of error resilient MPEG video coding and transmission over wireless channels, using an XML representation called MPML, is evaluated in this research. We take into account various factors that affect the streaming performance over wireless channels. A compression algorithm is developed to reduce the MPML overhead. The error corruption model is analyzed for bitstreams with MPML protection. Error correction coding is employed to enhance the reliability of MPML header transmission. Our experimental results demonstrate the superior PSNR performance of the proposed MPML-assisted video streaming system with and without the Data Partitioning (DP) mode.

关键词： Video Video compression Video coding Error analysis Standards development Computer programming algorithm development Video processing Computer programming languages Reliability

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Zerotree image compression using anisotropic wavelet packet transform

Zerotree image compression using anisotropic wavelet packet ...

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Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing 2003

作者： Kutil, R Salzburg Univ Dept Comp Sci A-5020 Salzburg Austria

ISBN: (纸本)0819450235

The anisotropic wavelet packet transform is an extension of the conventional wavelet (packet) transform where the basis can have different scales in different dimensions. As there are certain kinds of images with different behaviour in horizontal and vertical direction, anisotropic wavelet packet bases can be adapted more precisely to these images. Zero-tree image compression has already proved its efficiency on conventional wavelet transformed data as well as for wavelet packets. In this work, zero-tree methods are extended to work with anisotropic wavelet packets and coding results are shown for several types of images.

关键词： Wavelets Image compression algorithm development Computer programming Linear filtering Wavelet packet decomposition Image quality Wavelet transforms Digital filtering Image processing

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Stereoscopic representation of the breast from two mammographic views with external markers

Stereoscopic representation of the breast from two mammograp...

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Medical Imaging 2003 Conference

作者： Kallergi, M Manohar, A Univ S Florida Coll Med H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst Dept Radiol Tampa FL 33612 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819448303

A new breast imaging technique has been developed and tested for the stereoscopic representation of the breast. The method uses markers at specific locations on the breast surface and standard mammographic projections and was tested with an anthropomorphic phantom containing five mass-like objects at locations determined by a CT scan. The phantom was imaged with a GE Senographe 2000D digital system with and without the markers. The algorithm's modules included: 1) Breast area segmentation;2) Pectoral muscle segmentation;3) Registration and alignment of the mammographic projections based on selected reference points;4) Breast volume estimation based on volume conservation principle during compression and shape definition using surface points;5) Three-dimensional lesion(s) localization and representation. An interactive, IDL-based, graphical interface was also developed for the stereoscopic display of the breast. The reconstruction algorithm assumed that the breast shrinks and stretches uniformly when compression is applied and removed. The relative movement of the markers after compression allowed more accurate estimation of the shrinking and stretching of the surface offering a relatively simple and practical way to improve volume estimation and surface reconstruction. Such stereoscopic representation of the breast and associated findings may improve radiological interpretation and physical examinations for breast cancer diagnosis.

关键词： Breast Image segmentation Mammography 3D modeling Breast cancer Digital mammography Nipple Reconstruction algorithms 3D vision algorithm development

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A self-calibrating multi-band region growing approach to segmentation of single and multi-band images

A self-calibrating multi-band region growing approach to seg...

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Conference on Optical Engineering at the Lawrence-Livermore-National-Laboratory

作者： Paglieroni, DW Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab Livermore CA 94550 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081944801X

Image segmentation transforms pixel-level information from raw images to a higher level of abstraction in which related pixels are grouped into disjoint spatial regions. Such regions typically correspond to natural or man-made objects or structures, natural variations in land cover, etc. For many image interpretation tasks (such as land use assessment, automatic target cueing, defining relationships between objects, etc.), segmentation can be an important early step. Remotely sensed images (e.g., multi-spectral and hyperspectral images) often contain many spectral bands (i.e., multiple layers of 2D images). Multi-band images are important because they contain more information than single-band images. Objects or natural variations that are readily apparent in certain spectral bands may be invisible in 2D broadband images. In this paper, the classical region growing approach to image segmentation is generalized from single to multi-band images. While it is widely recognized that the quality of image segmentation is affected by which segmentation algorithm is used, this paper shows that algorithm parameter values can have an even more profound effect. A novel self-calibration framework is developed for automatically selecting parameter values that produce segmentations that most closely resemble a calibration edge map (derived separately using a simple edge detector). Although the framework is generic in the sense that it can imbed any core segmentation algorithm, this paper only demonstrates self-calibration with multi-band region growing. The framework is applied to a variety of AVIRIS image blocks at different spectral resolutions, in an effort to assess the impact of spectral resolution on segmentation quality. The image segmentations are assessed quantitatively, and it is shown that segmentation quality does not generally appear to be highly correlated with spectral resolution.

关键词： Image segmentation Calibration Image processing algorithms and systems Spectral resolution algorithm development Detection and tracking algorithms Image processing Image quality Sensors Transform theory

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A new dynamic-grooming algorithm for IP over WDM optical networks

A new dynamic-grooming algorithm for IP over WDM optical net...

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Asia-Pacific Optical and Wireless Communications Conference (APOC 2003)

作者： Wen, HB He, RX Yu, HF Li, LM Wang, S Xiang, B Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Key Lab Broadband Opt Fiber Transmiss & Commun Ne Chengdu 610054 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0819451770

Efficiently grooming low-rate traffic flows into high-capacity lightpaths will improve the network throughput and resource utilization. In this paper, we study the traffic-grooming algorithm for WDM mesh networks. A novel dynamic grooming graph is proposed, which models the number of transceivers per node and the number of wavelength per fiber in addition to the combined information of IP layer and WDM layer, while taking into account the constraints of wavelength continuity in optical domain. Based on the grooming graph, a new dynamic traffic-grooming algorithm, namely Integrated Grooming algorithm (IGA), is developed to provide an efficient solution to the traffic-grooming in WDM optical mesh networks. This algorithm is evaluated via simulations and results reveal that satisfactory performance of the proposed algorithms can be achieved.

关键词： Transceivers Wavelength division multiplexing Optical networks algorithm development Broadband telecommunications Receivers Transmitters Computer simulations Switching Network architectures

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Features selection for clustering of fMRI data

Features selection for clustering of fMRI data

引用

Wavelets - Applications in Signal and Image Processing X Conference

作者： Meyer, FG Chinrungrueng, J Univ Colorado Dept Elect Engn Boulder CO 80309 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819450804

We address the problem of the analysis of event-related functional Magnetic Resonance Images (fMRI). We propose to separate the fMRI time series into "activated" and "non-activated" clusters. The fMRI time series are projected onto a basis, and the clustering is performed using the coefficients in that basis. We developed a new algorithm to select that basis which provides the optimal clustering of the time series. Our approach does not require any training datasets or any model of the hemodynamic response. The basis is constructed using a dictionary of wavelet packets. We search for the optimal basis in this dictionary using a new cost function that measures the clustering power of a set of wavelet packets. Our approach can be easily extended to classification problems. We have conducted several experiments with synthetic and in-vivo event-related fMRI data. Our method is capable of discovering the structures of the synthetic data. The method also successfully detected activated voxels in the in-vivo fMRI.

关键词： Wavelets Functional magnetic resonance imaging Hemodynamics Signal to noise ratio Associative arrays Brain In vivo imaging Data modeling algorithm development Feature selection

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A collaborative network of correlation filters for object recognition

A collaborative network of correlation filters for object re...

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Conference on Optical Information Systems

作者： Mahalanobis, A Van Nevel, AJ Lockheed Martin Missiles & Fire Control Orlando FL 32819 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819450758

In this paper, we introduce a novel method where several sensors and ATRs collaborate to recognize objects. Such an approach would be suitable for network centric application where the sensors and platforms can coordinate to optimize over all ATR performance. We use correlation pattern recognition techniques to facilitate the development of the concept, although other algorithms may be easily substituted. Essentially, a self-configuring network is proposed that positions the sensors optimally with respect to each other depending on the algorithm and the class of the object to be recognized. We show how such a network optimizes overall performance, and illustrate the scheme by means of examples.

关键词： Sensors Detection and tracking algorithms Image filtering algorithm development Object recognition Automatic target recognition Optical filters Pattern recognition Synthetic aperture radar Image processing

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Optimization of the individual stiffness and damping parameters in multiple-tuned-mass-damper systems

Optimization of the individual stiffness and damping paramet...

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Smart Structures and Materials 2003 Conference

作者： Zuo, L Nayfeh, SA MIT Dept Mech Engn Cambridge MA 02139 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819448575

The characteristics of multiple tuned-mass dampers (MTMDs) attached to a single-degree-of-freedom primary system have been examined by many researchers, and several papers have included some parameter optimization. in this paper, we propose an efficient numerical algorithm to optimize the stiffness and damping of each of the tuned-mass dampers (TMDs) in such a system directly. We formulate the parameter optimization as a decentralized H2 control problem where the block-diagonal feedback gain matrix is composed of the stiffness and damping coefficients of the TMDs. The gradient of the root-mean-square (RMS) response with respect to the design parameters is evaluated explicitly, and the optimization can be carried out efficiently. The effects of the mass distribution, number of dampers, total mass ratio, and uncertainties in system parameters are studied. Numerical results indicate that the optimal designs have neither uniformly spaced tuning frequencies nor identical damping coefficients, and that optimization of the individual parameters in the MTMD system yields a substantial improvement in performance. We also find that the distribution of mass among the TMDs has little impact on the performance of the system provided that the stiffness and damping can be individually optimized.

关键词： Solids Lithium Control systems Yield improvement algorithm development Analytical research Feedback control Matrices Mechanical engineering Smart materials

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