The MITRE Corporation has initiated a three-year internally-funded research program in netted sensors, the first-year effort focusing on vehicle detection for border monitoring. An important component is developing an...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819457817
The MITRE Corporation has initiated a three-year internally-funded research program in netted sensors, the first-year effort focusing on vehicle detection for border monitoring. An important component is developing an understanding of the complex acoustic structure of vehicle noise to aid in netted sensor-based detection and classification. This presentation will discuss the design of a high-fidelity vehicle acoustic simulator to model the generation and transmission of acoustic energy from a moving vehicle to a collection of sensor nodes. Realistic spatially-dependent automobile sounds are generated from models of the engine cylinder firing rates. muffler and manifold resonances, and speed-dependent tire whine noise. Tire noise is the dominant noise source for vehicle speeds in excess of 30 miles per hour (MPH). As a result, we have developed detailed models that successfully predict the tire noise spectrum as a function of speed, road surface wave-number spectrum, tire geometry, and tire tread pattern. We have also included realistic descriptions of the spatial directivity patterns for the engine harmonics, muffler, and tire whine noise components. The acoustic waveforms are propagated to each sensor node using a simple phase-dispersive mufti-path model. A brief description of the models and their corresponding outputs is provided.
The Center for Automation Technologies (CAT) at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute is pioneering a novel model of industryuniversity collaboration. The model is built around the fundamental principle that education, res...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819434957
The Center for Automation Technologies (CAT) at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute is pioneering a novel model of industryuniversity collaboration. The model is built around the fundamental principle that education, research, and economic development must be tightly integrated into a program that provides first-rate responsiveness to the synergistic needs of its two major constituencies: graduate students and corporate clients.
Problems such as motion artifact and effects of ambient lights have forced developers to design different signal processing techniques and algorithms to increase the reliability and accuracy of the conventional pulse ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781457702167
Problems such as motion artifact and effects of ambient lights have forced developers to design different signal processing techniques and algorithms to increase the reliability and accuracy of the conventional pulse oximeter device. To evaluate the robustness of these techniques, they are applied either to recorded data or are implemented on chip to be applied to real-time data. Recorded data is the most common method of evaluating however it is not as reliable as real-time measurements. On the other hand, hardware implementation can be both expensive and time consuming. This paper presents a low cost MATLAB-based pulse oximeter that can be used for rapid evaluation of newly developed signal processing techniques and algorithms. Flexibility to apply different signal processing techniques, providing both processed and unprocessed data along with low implementation cost are the important features of this design which makes it ideal for research and development purposes, as well as commercial, hospital and healthcare application.
Sarnoff Corporation and the Naval Research Laboratory, through support of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, are developing an automated, high throughput bio-aerosol physical enrichment system designed for use ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819468970
Sarnoff Corporation and the Naval Research Laboratory, through support of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, are developing an automated, high throughput bio-aerosol physical enrichment system designed for use as part of a biological-threat protection system. The Biological Aerosol-Capture-Enrichment (BioACE) system is a bio-aerosol collection system that combines three unique technologies to create physically enriched aerosol samples that can be subsequently interrogated by any number of bio-threat detection systems for the presence of threat agents. An air-to-air concentrator uses an inertial separation technique to highly concentrate an aerosol sample presented to a dual wavelength ultra-violet laser induced fluorescence (UVLIF) optical trigger used to discriminate potential threat particles from non-threat particles conveyed in a collimated particle stream. This particle classification information is used to trigger an electrostatic deposition mechanism to deposit only those particles determined to be potential bio-threats onto a stainless steel substrate. Non-threat particles are discarded with the exiting airflow. The goal for the most recent development effort has been the integration and optimization of these technologies into a unit capable of producing highly enriched particulate samples from ambient air containing variable background aerosol loading and type. Several key technical and engineering challenges were overcome during the course of this development including a unique solution for compensating particle velocity dispersion within the airflow, development of a real-time signal acquisition and detection algorithm for determining material type on a particle by particle basis at rates greater than 2000 particles per second, and the introduction of a robust method for transferring deposited particulate into a 50ul wet sample suitable for most advanced bio-detection techniques. This paper will briefly describe the overall system architecture and
Both electrostatic and toner concentration (TC) electrophotographic process control systems can beconstructed with the proper use of bias current measurements of the development subsystem. A TC Idevelopability control...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819403008
Both electrostatic and toner concentration (TC) electrophotographic process control systems can be
constructed with the proper use of bias current measurements of the development subsystem. A TC I
developability controller can be made by measuring the development bias current for each print or copy,
summing the measurements, subtracting offset currents and dispensing toner proportionally to this
developed charge measurement. If certain constraints are fulfilled, the system will operate at a constant
developed toner mass. Similarly, a photoconductor electrostatic measurement I control system can be made
by utilizing bias currents. This is accomplished by choosing a stable portion on the developed charge vs
development voltage relationship of the development subsystem. This setpoint is then used to measure
photoconductor test patch voltages by monitoring the bias current. In some cases this provides the same
function as an electrostatic voltmeter. These low cost techniques enable the practical process control
implementations in low and medium speed electrophotographic machines.
Latest trends in optical lithography will dramatically change the way we need to look at defect printability and the impact that defects have on the performance of our devices. The prediction is, that linewidth variat...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819431397
Latest trends in optical lithography will dramatically change the way we need to look at defect printability and the impact that defects have on the performance of our devices. The prediction is, that linewidth variations will have the most severe impact, causing devices to perform under specification, or at least costing the manufacturers substantial photo limited yield by having to bin die in lower speed performance bins. A mask error enhancement factor [ MEEF ] may actually make defects print more severe in certain pattern context, and linewidth variations across the plate will cause severe problems in the device manufacturing process to maintain ACLV [ across chip linewidth variations ] at an acceptable level. Having to use RET technologies, such as OPC and PSM, may actually aggravate the printability problems. In this study, a special reticle design was used to investigate defect size, location and permutation, to evaluate: defect sensitivity and capture in an advanced reticle inspection system, printability prediction using a sophisticated wafer image simulation software package, printability of 'traditional' vs. hidden linewidth error defects, the true CD impact of a given defect on LW performance using an advanced CD-SEM.
This work considers the modeling and control of positive optical photoresist development. The control effort is applied to this final process step in order to compensate for deviations in previous irreversible steps. ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819405639
This work considers the modeling and control of positive optical photoresist development. The control effort is applied to this final process step in order to compensate for deviations in previous irreversible steps. A new approach to line-width control is studied. State estimation, combining interferometric development measurements with a process model, is used to calculate the time at which developer breakthrough to the substrate occurs. Parameter identification is used to determine any sample-to-sample changes in the process model. The optimal control policy is shown to be bang-bang with switching at the final time. A model describing development after breakthrough is derived and used to calculate the final developer shutoff time, based upon an on-line identified development process parameter. The policy is tested experimentally on different batches of the same resist type. Results indicate that accurate control is achieved, despite changes in environmental conditions and unexpected transient disturbances.
A wearable pain signaling system is introduced, to be used in the daily care for people with severe and profound intellectual disabilities. Due to several medical disorders, this group of people can experience daily a...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350302615
A wearable pain signaling system is introduced, to be used in the daily care for people with severe and profound intellectual disabilities. Due to several medical disorders, this group of people can experience daily acute pain and chronic pain, which they have trouble expressing and communicating to caregivers. The system consists of a smart sock with fabric sensors, a sensor unit sending a 6A current through the smart sock receiving electrodermal response and a mobile application containing a machine learning algorithm translating the signal. The pain signaling algorithm uses data of one to five painful stimuli from 28 healthy participants. Random forest modeling was used to classify moments of pain and train a model to predict pain from new data. The algorithm's accuracy could be improved by an ensemble of five models and voting, so this groundbreaking system can become a much-wanted attribution to daily caregiving of people with disabilities.
FRET imaging is widely used in biology to map protein interactions in living cells. A number of recent technical developments promise to provide more accurate and quantitative measurement FRET efficiencies and protein...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819452319
FRET imaging is widely used in biology to map protein interactions in living cells. A number of recent technical developments promise to provide more accurate and quantitative measurement FRET efficiencies and protein bonding ratio. Using a reference FRET construct based on a doubly labeled DNA, one can estimate the accuracy of different techniques like spectral or lifetime imaging to resolve FRET. Further improvement have lead to the possibility of measuring in a single detector both spectral and lifetime information from the fluorescence emitted by the sample. We are currently building such a system based on an intensity modulated multi-anode PMT and have developed a global fitting algorithm to extract valuable information from combined spectral and lifetime imaging data sets.
Techniques for autonomous alignment of beam control systems have been developed for a number of technologies including laser resonators, telescopes, diagnostic systems and components. These techniques have been design...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819412457
Techniques for autonomous alignment of beam control systems have been developed for a number of technologies including laser resonators, telescopes, diagnostic systems and components. These techniques have been designed to perform remote autonomous alignment on space based optical systems. An approach building upon these techniques has been developed for autonomous figure control of multi-actuator deformable mirrors. The algorithm used is a multidimensional minimization algorithm based upon the downhill simplex method of Nelder and Mead. This method is well-known for its extreme robustness and its broad applicability to a large variety of problems. In this paper results from numerical studies are presented that demonstrate the ability of this method in performing figure control of a deformable mirror. It is shown that the number of iterations required for the algorithm to converge to a practical solution grows linearly with the number of degrees of freedom. Near optimal numeric solutions are attainable, however, the required number of iterations increases non-linearly.
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