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Integrating visualization into the modeling of business simulations

Simulation and Gaming 2002年第4期33卷 409-424页

作者： Perotti, Victor J. Pray, Thomas F. Rochester Institute of Technology United States College of Business Max Lowenthal Building Rochester NY 14623-5608 106 Lomb Memorial Drive United States

This article demonstrates the advantages of using visualization as part of the modeling process. Several examples are given to show how visualization can help developers to more completely understand the range of behaviors for their algorithms. Specifically, the Cobb Douglas function and Gold and Pray demand sytem are examined using a tool that combines mathematical modeling with visualization capabilities. © 2002 Sage Publications.

关键词： algorithm behavior algorithm development Business simulation Mathematica Model-ing Visualization

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Relevant modelling & comparison of geometric distortions in watermarking systems

Relevant modelling & comparison of geometric distortions in ...

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Conference on Applications of Digital Image Processing XXV

作者： Delannay, D Setyawan, I Lagendijk, RL Macq, B Catholic Univ Louvain Commun & Remote Sensing Lab B-3000 Louvain Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)0819445576

A challenging aspect in the development of robust watermarking algorithms is the ability to withstand complex geometric distortion of the media. A few existing techniques are known to deal with such transformations up to a certain level. Traditionally, the measure of the degradation caused by an attack on an image only addressed the pixel value modification. However, a degradation consequent to the geometric distortion of an image cannot be measured with traditional criteria. Therefore the evaluation and comparison of the robustness to desynchronization of different watermarking schemes was not possible. In this paper, we present an innovative method to measure the distortion introduced by complex geometric deformations of an image. The distortion measure is expressed in term of how closely the applied transform can be approximated by a simpler transform model (e.g. RST transform, affine transform). The scheme relies on the local least square estimation of the parameters of the reference transform model. Eventually, we illustrate the proposed measure by presenting some results for different complex image distortions.

关键词： Digital watermarking algorithm development Image segmentation Systems modeling Detection and tracking algorithms Mathematical modeling Digital imaging Error analysis Image processing Resistance

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Contour-based progressive coding of cutting plane data

Contour-based progressive coding of cutting plane data

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Conference on Visualization and Data Analysis 2002

作者： Guan, Y Moorhead, RJ Mississippi State Univ NSF Engn Res Ctr Starkville MS 39759 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819444057

We present an efficient algorithm for progressive coding of cutting plane data extracted from large-scale computational field simulation (CFS) datasets. Since cutting planes are frequently used for examination of 3D simulation results, efficient compression of their geometry, topography, and the associated field data is important for good visualization performance, especially when the simulation is running on a geographically remote server or the simulation results are stored in a remote repository. Progressive coding is ideal for exploratory visualization since the data can be presented naturally starting with a coarse view and progressing down to the detail. In our algorithm, each cutting plane is reduced at the server to a set of triangle strips containing contour lines. On the local visualization machine (the client), the original surface is reconstructed by triangulating the space between the triangle strips. The more contour lines used, the higher the reconstruction accuracy obtained. It can quickly show an area of interest without modifying that section of the original triangle mesh. In generating the data to be sent to the client, the algorithm can smoothly trade-off computation and the accuracy of the representation by altering the cutting plane generation procedure or by adjusting the accuracy of the data.

关键词： Visualization Signal to noise ratio Phase modulation Visual compression Chromium Computer simulations Reconstruction algorithms algorithm development Transform theory Data centers

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Fast invariant recognition for color 3D images based on Hurwitzon-valued moments and invariants

Fast invariant recognition for color 3D images based on Hurw...

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Conference on Wavelet and Independent Component Analysis Applications IX

作者： Labounets, V Labounets-Rundblad, E Astola, J Tampere Univ Technol Tampere Int Ctr Signal Proc FIN-33101 Tampere Finland

ISBN: (纸本)081944488X

There is currently a considerable interest in methods of invariant 3D image recognition. Indeed, very often information about 3D objects can be obtained by computer tomographic reconstruction, 3D magnetic resonance imaging, passive 3D sensors or active range finders. Due to that algorithms of systematic derivation of 3D moment invariants should be developed for 3D colour object recognition. In this work we proposed an elegant theory which allows to describe many such invariants. Our theory is based on the theory of triplet numbers and quaternions. We propose Hurwitzon valued invariants, which are related to the descriptions of objects as the zero sets of implicit polynomials. These are global invariants which show great promise for recognition of complicated objects. Hurwitzon-valued invariants have good discriminating power for computer recognition of 3D colour objects using statistical pattern recognition methods. For fast computation of Hurwitzon-valued invariants we us(, modular arithmetic of Galois fields and rings, which maps calculation of invariants to fast number theoretical Fourior-Galois-Hamilton transform.

关键词： 3D image processing RGB color model Atrial fibrillation Vector spaces algorithm development Colorimetry Quantum efficiency Detection and tracking algorithms Pattern recognition Sensors

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Constructing minimum cost flow-dependent networks

Constructing minimum cost flow-dependent networks

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Conference on Asia-Pacific Optical and Wireless Communication (APOC 2002)

作者： Thomas, DA Weng, JF Univ Melbourne Dept Elect & Elect Engn ARC Special Res Ctr Ultra Broadband Informat Netw Parkville Vic 3010 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)081944698X

In the construction of a communication network, the length of the network is an important but not unique factor determining the cost of the network. Among many possible network models, Gilbert proposed a flow-dependent model in which flow demands are assigned between each pair of points in a given point set A, and the cost per unit length of a link in the network is a function of the flow through the link. In this paper we first investigate the properties of this Gilbert model: the concavity of the cost function, decomposition, local minimality, the number of Steiner points and the maximum degree of Steiner points. Then we propose three heuristics for constructing minimum cost Gilbert networks. Two of them come from the fact that generally a minimum cost Gilbert network stands between two extremes: the complete network G(A) on A and the edge-weighted Steiner minimal tree W(A) on A. The first heuristic starts with G(A) and reduces the cost by splitting angles;the second one starts with both G(A) and W(A), and reduces the cost by selecting low cost paths. As a generalisation of the second heuristic, the third heuristic constructs a new Gilbert network of less cost by hybridising known Gilbert networks. Finally we discuss some considerations in practical applications.

关键词： algorithm development Spherical lenses algorithms Electronics engineering Network architectures

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System oriented optimization of CAD for mass detection in digital mammography

System oriented optimization of CAD for mass detection in di...

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Medical Imaging 2002 Conference

作者： Sun, XJ Qian, W Univ S Florida H Lee Moffit Canc Ctr & Res Inst Dept Interdisciplinary Oncol Tampa FL 33620 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819444316

A fully optimized computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system using system-oriented optimization algorithm has been developed for mass detection in digital mammography for the improvement of CAD performance on sensitivity and specificity. Based on a series of developed adaptive modules, simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is employed on CAD system optimization that is a typical combinatorial mixed-discrete optimization problem. The CAD system is optimized on a training database and evaluated through a test database, the cases in both databases are biopsy proven and selected by experienced radiologists. Both optimized and corresponding un-optimized CAD system have been evaluated using the same test database to compare the system performance. Obvious performance improvement has been obtained on optimized system. The results express the effectiveness of the method developed in this paper.

关键词： CAD systems Optimization (mathematics) Computer aided diagnosis and therapy Databases Image segmentation Computer aided design Image enhancement Digital mammography algorithm development algorithms

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Energy flux method for die-to-database inspection of critical layer reticles

Energy flux method for die-to-database inspection of critica...

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22nd Annual BACUS Symposium on Photomask Technology

作者： Garcia, H Volk, W Xiong, YL Watson, S Yu, ZC Guo, Z Wang, LT KLA Tencor San Jose CA 95134 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819446750

With growing implementation of low k(1) lithography on DUV scanners for wafer production, detecting and analyzing photomask critical dimension.(CD) errors and semitransparent defects is vital for qualifying photomasks to enable high IC wafer yields for 130mn and 100nm nodes. Using the TeraStar(TM) pattern inspection system's image computer platform, a new die-to-database algorithm, TeraFlux(TM), has been implemented and tested for the inspection of small "closed" features. The algorithm is run in die-to-database mode comparing the energy flux difference between reticle and the database reference for small closed features, such as, contacts, trenches, and cells on chrome and half-tone reticles. The algorithm is applicable to both clear and dark field reticles. Tests show the new algorithm provides CD error detection to 6% energy flux variation with low false defect counts. We have characterized the sensitivity and false defect performance of the die-to-database energy flux algorithm with production masks and programmed defect test masks. A sampling of inspection results will be presented. Wafer, printability results using the programmed defects on a programmed defect test reticle will be presented and compared to the inspection defect sensitivity results.

关键词： Inspection Reticles Defect detection Semiconducting wafers Critical dimension metrology Photomasks Lithography Defect inspection algorithm development Databases

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Ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography for quantitative topographic mapping of retinal and intraretinal architectural morphology

Ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography for quanti...

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Conference on Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedical Science and Clinical Applications VI

作者： Ko, T Hartl, I Drexler, W Ghanta, R Fujimoto, J MIT Elect Res Lab Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Cambridge MA 02139 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819443581

Quantitative, three-dimensional mapping of retinal architectural morphology was achieved using an ultrahigh resolution ophthalmic OCT system. This OCT system utilizes a broad bandwidth titanium-sapphire laser light source generating bandwidths of up to 300 nm near 800 nm center wavelength. The system enables real-time cross-sectional imaging of the retina with similar to3 mum axial resolution. The macula and the papillomacular axis of a normal human subject were systematically mapped using a series of linear scans. Edge detection and segmentation algorithms were developed to quantify retinal and intraretinal thicknesses. Topographic mapping of the total retinal thickness and the total ganglion cell/inner plexiform layer thickness was achieved around the macula. A topographic mapping quantifying the progressive thickening of the nerve fiber layer (NFL) nasally approaching the optic disk was also demonstrated. The ability to create three-dimensional topographic mapping of retinal architectural morphology at similar to3 mum axial resolution will be relevant for the diagnosis of many retinal diseases. The topographic quantification of these structures can serve as a powerful tool for developing algorithms and clinical scanning protocols for the screening and staging of ophthalmic diseases such as glaucoma.

关键词： Optical coherence tomography Macula Image resolution Nerve algorithm development Optical discs Retina Human subjects Imaging systems Light sources

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Quantization of color histograms using GLA 3

Quantization of color histograms using GLA

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Conference on Electronic Imaging and Multimedia Technology III

作者： Yang, CC Yip, MK Chinese Univ Hong Kong Dept Syst Engn & Engn Management Shatin Hong Kong Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0819447145

Color histogram has been used as one of the most important image descriptor in a wide range of content-based image retrieval (CBIR) projects for color image indexing. It captures the global chromatic distribution of an image. Traditionally, there are two major approaches to quantize the color space: (1) quantize each dimension of a color coordinate system uniformly to generate a fixed number of bins;and (2) quantize a color coordinate system arbitrarily. The first approach works best on cubical color coordinate systems, such as RGB. For other non-cubical color coordinate system, such as CIELAB and CIELUV, some bins may fall out of the gamut (transformed from the RGB cube) of the color space. As a result, it reduces the effectiveness of the color histogram and hence reduces the retrieval performance. The second approach uses arbitrarily quantization. The volume of the bins is not necessary uniform. As a result, it affects the effectiveness of the histogram significantly. In this paper, we propose to develop the color histogram by tessellating the non-cubical color gamut transformed from RGB cube using a vector quantization (VQ) method, the General Loyld algorithm (GLA) [6]. Using such approach, the problem of empty bins due to the gamut of the color coordinate system can be avoided. Besides, all bins quantized by GLA will occupy the same volume. It guarantees that uniformity of each quantized bins in the histogram. An experiment has been conducted to evaluate the quantitative performance of our approach. The image collection from UC Berkeley's digital library project is used as the test bed. The indexing effectiveness of a histogram space [3] is used as the measurement of the performance. The experimental result shows that using the GLA quantization approach significantly increase the indexing effectiveness.

关键词： Quantization RGB color model algorithm development Colorimetry Feature extraction Visualization Content based image retrieval Image retrieval Digital imaging Systems engineering

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Multi-resolution mesh representation for biomechanical agents

Multi-resolution mesh representation for biomechanical agent...

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5th International Workshop on Nondestructive Testing and Computer Simulations in Science and Engineering

作者： Grachev, PN Belyaev, SY Sholukha, VA St Petersburg State Tech Univ Appl Math Dept St Petersburg 195251 Russia

ISBN: (纸本)0819443662

The paper is dedicated to computer graphics problems that appear when visualizing virtual biomechanical agents in real time rendering. Visualization speed and quality directly depend on the LOD (level of detail) of an agent model. We discuss the problem of dynamic changes in geometric model LOD in real time. An algorithm is suggested that allows us to save computer resources significantly along with dynamic mesh representation and to speed up the model rendering in real time mode.

关键词： 3D modeling Visual process modeling Visualization Animal model studies Matrices Cameras Computer graphics algorithm development 3D applications Robots

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