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Research Workshop on Automated Medical Image Analysis

作者： Eberl, S Braun, M Royal Prince Alfred Hosp Dept PET & Nucl Med Camperdown NSW 2050 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)0819432296

Image registration techniques spatially register clinical images of patients performed either at different times with the same modality (intra-modality) or with different modality (inter-modality), to facilitate assessment of change and to take full advantage of the frequently complementary information provided by the imaging modalities. Inter-subject registration permits comparison to normal data bases and averaging of data fi-om several subjects to improve statistical significance. Image registration is well established in the brain since the skull limits deformation of the brain between studies and the use of rigid body transformation can usually be justified for intra-subject registrations. A large range of image registration algorithms, ranging from completely manual to fully automatic, have been developed. These can be classified into external methods, which typically use fiducial markers, intrinsic techniques, which rely on the information contained in the patient image data and non-image based methods, which use information external to the data being registered. The technique of choice depends on the specific requirements of the application and it is unlikely that a single "best" technique can meet sometimes conflicting requirements (e.g. accuracy, speed, ease of use etc). While considerable progress has been made in image registration outside the brain, considerable challenges still remain. In this paper, we present the basic principles of image registration and practical issues arising from our experience with routine clinical use of image registration over several years.

关键词： Image registration Brain Positron emission tomography Magnetic resonance imaging Neuroimaging Single photon emission computed tomography Skull Image segmentation algorithm development Chest

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Object-driven block-based algorithm for the compression of stereo image pairs

Object-driven block-based algorithm for the compression of s...

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Conference on Applications of Digital Image Processing XXII

作者： Edirisinghe, EA Jiang, J Bez, HE Univ Loughborough Dept Comp Sci Loughborough Leics England

ISBN: (纸本)0819432946

In this paper, we propose a novel object driven, block based algorithm for the compression of stereo image pairs. The algorithm effectively combines the simplicity and adaptability of the existing block based stereo image compression techniques [1-6] with an edge/contour based object extraction technique to determine appropriate compression strategy for various areas of the right image. Extensive experiments carried out support that significant improvements of up to 20% in compression ratio can be achieved by the proposed algorithm, compared with the existing stereo image compression techniques. Yet the reconstructed image quality is maintained at an equivalent level in terms of PSNR values. In terms of visual quality, the right image reconstructed by the proposed algorithm does not incur any noticeable effect compared with the outputs of the best algorithms. The proposed algorithm performs object extraction and matching between the reconstructed left frame and the original right frame to identify those objects that match but are displaced by varying amounts due to binocular parallax. Different coding strategies are then applied separately to internal areas and the bounding areas for each identified object. Based on the mean squared matching error of the internal blocks and a selected threshold, a decision is made whether or not to encode the predictive errors inside these objects. The output bit stream includes entropy coding of object disparity, block disparity and possibly some errors, which fail to meet the threshold requirement in the proposed algorithm.

关键词： stereo image compression video compression contour analysis algorithm development

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Efficient optical negabinary signed-digit arithmetic operations and implementation using electron-trapping device

Efficient optical negabinary signed-digit arithmetic operati...

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18th Congress of the International Commission for Optics - Optics for the Next Millennium

作者： Li, GQ Qian, F Ruan, H Liu, LR Chinese Acad Sci Shanghai Inst Opt & Fine Mech Shanghai 201800 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0819432342

A two-step carry-free negabinary signed-digit(NSD) addition/subtraction algorithm and the fast conversion algorithm from NSD to negabinary in the carry-look-ahead mode have been investigated. All the arithmetic operations can be performed with binary logic. By programming the binary reference bits, addition and subtraction can be realized in parallel with the same binary logic functions. Correspondingly, a compact general-purpose optoelectronic arithmetic-logic array system using electron trapping device is suggested. Various complex logic functions can be performed by programming the illumination of the data arrays without additional temporal latency of the intermediate results. Experimental results will be presented.

关键词： Binary data Logic Computer programming Optoelectronics Optoelectronic devices algorithm development Array processing Lithium Mechanics Symbolic substitution

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Robot-state detection for visual navigation using a neural network approach

Robot-state detection for visual navigation using a neural n...

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Conference on Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision XVIII - algorithms, Techniques, and Active Vision

作者： D'Orazio, T Circirelli, G Distante, A CNR Ist Elaboraz Segnali & Immagini I-70126 Bari Italy

ISBN: (纸本)0819434302

In this paper we describe how a robot detects its state with respect to a goal using only visual information and consequently how it learns to reach that goal navigating in a free environment. The state detection is carried out using a feed-forward neural network, with several multiple input and output units, trained using the quickprop method that is an optimized variant of the back-propagation algorithm. The color images captured by the onboard camera of the robot, are color coded and pre-processed to construct a robust set of inputs to the net, taking account of the trade-off between the dimension of the input set and the lost of information in the image. The simple goal-reaching behavior, finally, is learned using a reinforcement learning algorithm with which the robot associates a proper action to each detected state. To speed up this learning phase an initial state-action mapping is learned in simulation. Starting from this basic knowledge, the real robot will continue to learn the optimal actions for reaching the goal since new unexplored situations can occur in the real environment. The results obtained experimenting this approach on the real robot Nomad200 are described in the paper.

关键词： Neural networks Image processing Information visualization Visualization Detection and tracking algorithms Evolutionary algorithms Associative arrays Onboard cameras algorithm development Environmental sensing

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Parallel processing for view-dependent polygonal virtual environments

Parallel processing for view-dependent polygonal virtual env...

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Conference on Visual Data Exploration and Analysis VI

作者： El-Sana, J Varshney, A SUNY Stony Brook Dept Comp Sci Stony Brook NY 11794 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819431141

This paper presents a parallel algorithm for preprocessing as well as real-time navigation of vie iv-dependent virtual environments on shared memory multiprocessors. The algorithm proceeds by hierarchical spatial subdivision of the input dataset by an octree: The parallel algorithm is robust and does not generate any artifacts such as degenerate triangles and mesh:foldovers. The algorithm performance scales linearly with increase in the number of processors as well as increase in the input dataset complexity. The resulting visualization performance is fast enough to enable interleaved acquisition and modification with interactive visualization.

关键词： Visualization Virtual reality Parallel processing Temporal coherence Submerged target modeling algorithm development Colon Computer graphics Lanthanum Light sources and illumination

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Modeling and simulation-based solutions for complex resource allocation problems

Modeling and simulation-based solutions for complex resource...

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Conference on Enabling Technology for Simulation Science III

作者： Cassandras, CG Gokbayrak, K Boston Univ Dept Mfg Engn Boston MA 02215 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819431702

Resource allocation problems arise in application domains such as logistics, networking, manufacturing, and (CI)-I-4 systems. The discrete nature of resources to be allocated makes such problems combinatorially complex. In addition, uncertainties in the times when resources are requested and relinquished introduce additional complexities often necessitating the use of simulation for modeling and analysis purposes. In this paper, we present two approaches for solving such problems, the first based on ordinal optimization and the second on the idea of replacing the original discrete allocation problem by a "surrogate model" involving a continuous allocation problem. The latter is simpler to solve through gradient-based techniques and can be shown to recover the solutions of the original problem. Concurrent simulation is used to estimate the gradients required in this approach, leading to extremely fast solutions for many problems in practice.

关键词： Stochastic processes Statistical analysis Optimization (mathematics) algorithm development Computer simulations Manufacturing Lithium Monte Carlo methods Computer programming Systems modeling

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Effective dielectric function of mixtures of three or more materials:: a numerical procedure for computations.

Effective dielectric function of mixtures of three or more m...

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Conference on Advances in Optical Interference Coatings

作者： Bosch, S Ferré-Borrull, J Univ Barcelona Dept Fis Aplicada & Opt Lab Opt E-08028 Barcelona Spain

ISBN: (纸本)0819432121

A numerical procedure for solving the effective medium approximation equations for ellipsometric data analysis is presented. The idea is to transform the complex root-finding problem into a minimization task in real space. Thus, the method can be implemented through a standard downhill simplex algorithm, leading to a general, simple and useful technique for ellipsometric developments.

关键词： Dielectrics Interfaces Refractive index algorithm development Data modeling Standards development Data analysis Mathematical modeling Silica Spherical lenses

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Test results for a 32x32 PCNN array

Test results for a 32x32 PCNN array

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9th Workshop on Virtual Intelligence/Dynamic Neural Networks

作者： Johnson, JL Sims, SRF Branch, TW USA Aviat & Missile Command Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr Redstone Arsenal AL 35898 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819432024

Pulse coupled neural network (PCNN) algorithms for image preprocessing have minimal requirements for interconnects and essentially no memory requirements. They are an effective technique for rapid intensity segmentation and noise smoothing as an initial step in many image processing algorithms. A test array with 32x32 active PCNN pixels has been undergoing initial evaluation. Its performance is discussed and comparison with software versions of the PCNN algorithm is given.

关键词： Image processing algorithms and systems Missiles Neodymium Optical filtering Pulse generators Raster graphics algorithm development Evolutionary algorithms Image segmentation Neural networks

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Find that leak [digital signal processing approach]

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IEE Review 1999年第5期45卷 219-221页

作者： J. Golby T. Woodward CRL's DSP Group CRL Hayes Middlesex Thames Water's Research and Technology Group Reading

Digital signal processing can help cut losses from leaking water mains. The authors explain how one new development, sponsored by Thames Water, is helping it in the battle to locate leaks more quickly and reliably. From the outset their aim was to develop a 'virtual' instrument approach based on a standard personal computer (PC). In this way, as the knowledge base increases and further improvements are made, software upgrades can be implemented on the same hardware platform. The use of a standard commercially available sound card fits in with this approach. In practice the software development proceeded in two main stages: an initial programme of algorithm development, followed by real-time algorithm implementation and graphical user interface (GUI).

关键词： digital signal processing graphical user interface microcomputer applications virtual instrument Software engineering techniques software development Digital signal processing leak location water supply standard commercially available sound card Computerised instrumentation signal processing equipment Public utilities Graphical user interfaces leaking water mains software engineering algorithm development graphical user interfaces real-time algorithm implementation PC Signal processing and conditioning equipment and techniques Thames Water personal computer hardware platform Signal processing and detection acoustic signal processing GUI software upgrades

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development of an algorithm for the analysis of surface defects in mechanical elements

Development of an algorithm for the analysis of surface defe...

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Conference on Machine Vision Systems for Inspection and Metrology VII

作者： Fargione, G Geraci, AL Pennisi, L Risitano, A Univ Catania Fac Ingn Meccan Ist Macchine I-95125 Catania Italy

ISBN: (纸本)0819429821

The non-destructive tests (NDT) allow to establish the physical and structural conditions of a mechanical part, to verify its condition, the superficial wear and tear and then evaluate its "remaining" efficiency. The non-destructive tests are applied in all those fields of engineering in which the determination of the mechanical and structural characteristics of elements in use is requested, without making them undergo destructive or damaging tests. In the present work an application program has been developed which, examining the surface of mechanical parts under an optical microscope and a blaster video, is able to characterise the material and to recognise and identify the possible presence of a superficial crack. The program constitutes the first step towards the realisation of an industrial prototype which, thanks to the utilisation of a plan moved by step-by-step motors, allows the scanning of the whole surface of a part and the recognition of the crack in an automatic way, that is without the presence of an operator, and its characterisation, in case it is identified, through the determination of some geometric parameters useful to ascertain the structural integrity of the element under examination. For the realisation of the program different techniques of image analysis have been applied and the use of an artificial neural network preset for the recognition of the crack has been necessary. The program has been realised in C language and it works in Linux system.

关键词： Image processing Image segmentation Image analysis Light sources and illumination Nondestructive evaluation algorithm development Neural networks Hough transforms Digital imaging Image acquisition

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