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IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM)

作者： Yang, Guosheng Wang, Jun Zhang, Guoyong Shao, Qijia Li, Shaoqian Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Natl Key Lab Sci & Technol Commun Chengdu Sichuan Peoples R China CETC54 Sci & Technol Commun Networks Lab Shijiazhuang Hebei Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509050192

Impulsive noise modeled as symmetric alpha-stable (S alpha S) distribution is commonly seen in many practical communication scenarios. In this paper, we focus on the synchronization of single-carrier signals in the mixture of S alpha S impulsive noise and Gaussian noise. We first derive the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) of the joint estimation of carrier phase and timing offsets for both liner modulation (LM) signals and continuous phase modulation (CPM) signals. In order to minimize the CRLB, the optimal training sequence (TS) is then designed for the synchronization of the LM signals and the CPM signals, respectively. We further propose a practical low-order cross-correlation based synchronization algorithm, which can be used for both LM and CPM signals. Numerical simulations show that our designed TS can outperform the pseudo-random (PN) sequence. By taking minimum shift keying (MSK) signals for instance, simulation results show that the performance of our proposed synchronization algorithm has negligible gap with the CRLB.

关键词： Synchronization Gaussian noise algorithm design and analysis Gaussian distribution Training Communication systems Fading channels

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An algorithm design and. Performance analysis for Carrier-frequency Offset Estimation in DMB-T System

An Algorithm Design and. Performance Analysis for Carrier-fr...

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International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems

作者： Huang Qiuyuan Wu You Chen Wei Huang tie Wuhan Univ Technol Sch Informat Engn Wuhan 430070 HuBei Peoples R China Shanghai Brave Technol Co Dept 3G Shanghai Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424420636

An advanced algorithm for carrier-frequency offset estimation is presented in this paper, which is based on DMB-T The algorithm utilizes time domain difference by stages. Theoretical analysis and computer simulation prove that the algorithm has better performance than the traditional method and is able to ensure the convergence range and precision of carrier-frequency offset.

关键词： OFDM Frequency estimation Estimation algorithm design and analysis Synchronization Delay Heuristic algorithms

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Budget-Constrained Digital Twin Synchronization and Its Application on Fidelity-Aware Queries in Edge Computing

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING 2025年第1期24卷 165-182页

作者： Li, Yuchen Liang, Weifa Xu, Zichuan Xu, Wenzheng Jia, Xiaohua Australian Natl Univ Sch Comp Canberra ACT 2601 Australia City Univ Hong Kong Dept Comp Sci Kowloon Tong Hong Kong Peoples R China Dalian Univ Technol Sch Software Key Lab Ubiquitous Network & Serv Software Liaonin Dalian 116621 Peoples R China Sichuan Univ Dept Comp Sci Chengdu 610065 Peoples R China

With the advance of mobile edge computing (MEC) and the Internet of Things (IoT), digital twin (DT) has become an emerging technology for provisioning IoT services between the real world and the cyber world. In this paper, we consider the state updating of DTs in an MEC network through synchronizing DTs with their physical objects. We make use of an energy-constrained UAV for data collection in a sensor network, as an illustrative example for the DT state updating of each object (sensor), and then use the DT data of objects (sensors) later for fidelity-aware query services. To this end, we first formulate a novel DT state staleness minimization, under a given update budget per update round. We then propose an optimal algorithm for a special case of the problem where the budget per update round is exactly K objects synchronizing with their DTs. We then devise an algorithm for the DT state staleness minimization problem by reducing to the award collection maximization problem, assuming that the volume of the update data generated by each object per update round is given. Otherwise, we adopt a deep learning method to predict the volume of the update data. To demonstrate the importance of the DT state staleness in practical applications, we consider fidelity-aware query services in the MEC network, and we develop a cost-effective evaluation plan for each query. We finally evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms through simulations. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms are promising.

关键词： Synchronization Autonomous aerial vehicles Internet of Things Costs Heuristic algorithms Minimization Data collection Digital twins DT state staleness mobile edge computing DT synchronizations with physical objects cost modeling algorithm design and analysis prediction mechanism

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A Survey: Collaborative Hardware and Software design in the Era of Large Language Models

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IEEE CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS MAGAZINE 2025年第1期25卷 35-57页

作者： Guo, Cong Cheng, Feng Du, Zhixu Kiessling, James Ku, Jonathan Li, Shiyu Li, Ziru Ma, Mingyuan Molom-Ochir, Tergel Morris, Benjamin Shan, Haoxuan Sun, Jingwei Wang, Yitu Wei, Chiyue Wu, Xueying Wu, Yuhao Yang, Hao Frank Zhang, Jingyang Zhang, Junyao Zheng, Qilin Zhou, Guanglei Li, Hai Chen, Yiran Duke Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Durham NC 27705 USA

The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has significantly transformed the field of artificial intelligence, demonstrating remarkable capabilities in natural language processing and moving towards multi-modal functionality. These models are increasingly integrated into diverse applications, impacting both research and industry. However, their development and deployment present substantial challenges, including the need for extensive computational resources, high energy consumption, and complex software optimizations. Unlike traditional deep learning systems, LLMs require unique optimization strategies for training and inference, focusing on system-level efficiency. This paper surveys hardware and software co-design approaches specifically tailored to address the unique characteristics and constraints of large language models. This survey analyzes the challenges and impacts of LLMs on hardware and algorithm research, exploring algorithm optimization, hardware design, and system-level innovations. It aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the trade-offs and considerations in LLM-centric computing systems, guiding future advancements in AI. Finally, we summarize the existing efforts in this space and outline future directions toward realizing production-grade co-design methodologies for the next generation of large language models and AI systems.

关键词： Large language models Artificial intelligence Natural language processing Multimodal sensors Energy consumption Deep learning Training Hardware design languages algorithm design and analysis Software algorithms Inference algorithms Next generation networking Collaborative software Large language model hardware-software co-design

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A Novel Convolutional Neural Network for the Extraction of Algal Bloom and Aquatic Vegetation in Typical Eutrophic Shallow Lakes

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IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING 2025年 18卷 8099-8111页

作者： Wang, Jingming Ke, Chang-Qing Cai, Yu Ji, Jianwan Wang, Zhenqing Nanjing Univ Sch Geog & Ocean Sci Nanjing 210023 Peoples R China Suzhou Univ Sci & Technol Sch Geog Sci & Geomat Engn Suzhou 215009 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Aerosp Informat Res Inst Beijing 100094 Peoples R China

Under the hybrid impact of regional climate change and extensive human activities, lake eutrophication has become an increasingly serious problem, which causes a dramatic reduction in the area of aquatic vegetation (AV) and poses huge challenges to the balance of regional lake ecosystems. As an important freshwater resource, shallow lakes play an important role in balancing water resources, adjusting regional climate, and retaining clean water supply. However, in view of the complexity and variability of shallow lake environment, especially the similarity of spectral characteristics between algal bloom (AB) and AV in shallow lakes, the extraction results of AB and AV using most algorithms are not satisfactory. In response to these problems, this study utilized Landsat images as the dataset to accurately differentiate AB and AV by developing a new extraction network (AAENet) aiming at eutrophic shallow lakes. Next, the AAENet model was compared with three classic semantic segmentation models (UNet, Deeplab v3, and PSPNet) and the vegetation and bloom indices algorithm. Finally, the spatiotemporal distribution and area change in typical shallow lakes were analyzed based on the extraction results of the AAENet model. The results showed that: 1) the AAENet model achieved the highest accuracy in distinguishing AB and AV, with an overall accuracy of 87.85%, an F1 score of 0.85, and a Frequency Weighted Intersection-over-Union of 0.76 in the testing lakes. 2) In terms of improving the performance of the AAENet model, the ConvNeXt encoder played the most significant role. 3) During 2013-2023, the area of AB in Chaohu Lake and Taihu Lake decreased annually by 0.73 km(2) and 3.29 km(2), respectively. In particular, the area of AV in Chaohu Lake steadily increased at a rate of 0.27 km(2)/year, whereas the area of AV in Taihu Lake exhibited an initial decline followed by an increase. This study can provide important technical support for monitoring the dynamics of AB and AV in

关键词： Convolutional neural networks Deep learning Algae Aquatic ecosystems Eutrophication Human activity recognition Water resources Vegetation mapping Spatiotemporal phenomena Landsat Freshwater Environmental measurement algorithm design and analysis Water monitoring Climate change Algal bloom (AB) aquatic vegetation (AV) deep learning eutrophic shallow lake

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Rapid Magnetic, Thermal, and Structural Scaling of Synchronous Machines Based on Flux and Loss Maps

IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS

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IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS 2025年 6卷 137-147页

作者： Ferrari, Simone Dilevrano, Gaetano Ragazzo, Paolo Pellegrino, Gianmario Burress, Timothy Politecn Torino Energy Dept Galileo Ferraris I-10129 Turin Italy Oak Ridge Natl Lab Energy Sci & Technol Directorate Knoxville TN 37932 USA

In this article, we introduce a rapid and accurate method for scaling permanent magnet synchronous machines using flux linkage and loss maps. The method enables the design and comprehensive characterization of scaled machines to meet new specifications for peak torque, power, maximum operating speed, voltage, and current requirements without the need for finite-element simulations. The efficiency map of the scaled machine can be computed with negligible computational effort. The analysis encompasses the scaling of the liquid cooling jacket setup and evaluates the continuous stall torque of the final machine. Furthermore, the method addresses scaling rules for demagnetization current limits, peak short-circuit currents and uncontrolled generator voltages, allowing the evaluation of the safest shut-down strategy against the different fault scenarios. The use of the stack length versus number of turns selection plane facilitates the visualization of the key performance figures and the minimization of the stack length while adhering to inverter voltage and current constraints. Overall, this scaling method offers a streamlined approach to the preliminary design of e-motors and facilitates system-level optimization studies. The method is showcased by scaling the e-motor of the BMW i3 to meet the specifications of the moto-generator 2 of the 4th generation Toyota Prius.

关键词： Demagnetization Torque Motors Voltage Computational modeling Magnetic flux Couplings Stress Safety Optimization AC motors electric motors permanent magnet machines traction motors algorithm design and analysis

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FPGA design analysis of the Clustering algorithm for the CERN Large Hadron Collider

FPGA Design Analysis of the Clustering Algorithm for the CER...

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Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines (FCCM)

作者： Anthony Gregerson Amin Farmahini-Farahani Ben Buchli Steve Naumov Michail Bachtis Katherine Compton Michael Schulte Wesley H. Smith Sridhara Dasu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Physics University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Trigger of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) particle accelerator at CERN selects potentially interesting particle collision data to process and archive for further study. The first stage of the trigger system, the hardware-based L1 Trigger, must sift through roughly 3 terabits/second of data describing the energy distribution of particles generated in the collisions, and reduce it to 100 megabits/second of event data that subsequent systems can handle. Without the CMS Trigger, the amount of experiment-generated data would quickly outstrip the archiving ability of the LHC system. Because of the sheer amount of input data and the rate at which it is generated, the hardware-based L1 Trigger is subject to stringent performance requirements. These will become even more severe as the LHC is upgraded over the next ten years, requiring a careful redesign of the L1 Trigger hardware. For example, future upgrades may introduce particle motion-tracking data into the L1 Trigger, resulting in an increased input data rate of up to 40 terabits/second. The need to modify the design as the LHC system is upgraded, the low-volume cost advantages of FPGAs, and a desire for a flexible and adaptable system all point toward the use of FPGAs as a hardware implementation solution. In this paper, we present several different FPGA implementations of the electron/photon identification module, a key part of the new Clustering algorithm for the upgraded L1 Trigger. We analyze the resource requirements and performance tradeoffs, and present a qualitative discussion of flexibility to meet the changing needs of the CMS experiment. Finally, we narrow potential design choices to the top candidates and use one in a full Clustering algorithm implementation.

关键词： algorithm design and analysis Field programmable gate arrays Clustering algorithms Large Hadron Collider Collision mitigation Hardware Mesons Solenoids Linear particle accelerator Particle collisions

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Performance analysis of image segmentation using watershed algorithm, fuzzy C-means of clustering algorithm and Simulink design

Performance analysis of image segmentation using watershed a...

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International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom)

作者： Nilesh B. Bahadure Arun Kumar Ray H. Pal Thethi School of Electronics KIIT University Bhubaneswar Odissa INDIA Department of Electronics & Telecommunication RCET Bhilai Chhattisgarh INDIA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467394178

An Integration of image processing and soft computing techniques for the image analysis plays a significant contribution in the field of image processing. One of the important class of image analysis techniques is image segmentation. There are applications in various fields some of them are sorting product in the industry, surveillance system in the security zones, biomedical processing, medical imaging, environmental predictions etc. In this paper the study of fuzzy C-means clustering method, watershed based image segmentation and Simulink design based image segmentation with some enhancement design algorithm for the improvement of the overall performance of image segmentation is used. The main objective of this paper is to bring the conviction of utility of watershed, Simulink and FCM based segmentation for the applications in medical imaging, and other images where lots of spatial & inherent information is available, by considering their performance analysis metrics. This performance analysis is used to justify and decide which method is appropriate and more convincing for the effective analysis of more complex imaging system.

关键词： Image segmentation Clustering algorithms algorithm design and analysis Biomedical imaging Conferences Software packages

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A Primer design algorithm for Global analysis of CpG Methylation

A Primer Design Algorithm for Global Analysis of CpG Methyla...

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International Joint Conference on Bioinformatics, Systems Biology and Intelligent Computing, IJCBS

作者： Hehuang Xie Min Wang Yuichi Tange Maria de F. Bonaldo Marcelo B. Soares Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL USA

Global DNA methylation changes have been documented to occur during normal development, aging and disease progression. Genome-wide levels of methylation are commonly inferred from the average level of methylation of large sets of repetitive elements. Alu repeats, in particular, have been exploited in a variety of approaches to monitor genome-wide losses in CpG methylation. Alu elements encompass over 25% of the CpG dinucleotides in the human genome. However, due to the high frequency of deamination of methylated cytosines in repetitive elements occurring in the germline, the sensitivity to detect methylation changes based upon their methylation levels is greatly compromised. In addition, the number of repeats that were targeted in previous investigations for ascertainment of genome-wide levels of methylation could not be accurately estimated. In this study, we developed and implemented an algorithm to design highly specific primers altogether targeting 617,817 CpG sites in over 45,000 Alu elements. In combination with the pyrosequencing technology, these primers were shown to yield highly sensitive and reproducible results.

关键词： algorithm design and analysis Bioinformatics Genomics DNA Humans Chemical elements Sequences Systems biology Biology computing Neoplasms

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design and analysis of an MST-based topology control algorithm

Design and analysis of an MST-based topology control algorit...

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IEEE Annual Joint Conference: INFOCOM, IEEE Computer and Communications Societies

作者： N. Li J.C. Hou L. Sha Department of Computer Science University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana-Champaign IL USA

In this paper, we present a minimum spanning tree (MST) based topology control algorithm, called local minimum spanning tree (LMST), for wireless multi-hop networks. In this algorithm, each node builds its local minimum spanning tree independently and only keeps on-tree nodes that are one-hop away as its neighbors in the final topology. We analytically prove several important properties of LMST: (1) the topology derived under LMST preserves the network connectivity; (2) the node degree of any node in the resulting topology is bounded by 6; and (3) the topology can be transformed into one with bidirectional links (without impairing the network connectivity) after removal of all uni-directional links. These results are corroborated in the simulation study.

关键词： algorithm design and analysis Network topology Spread spectrum communication Bidirectional control Interference Wireless networks Power control Communication system control Computer science Energy management

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