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Stereo matching via selective multiple windows

JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2007年第1期16卷 013012.1-013012.1页

作者： Adhyapak, Satyajit Anil Kehtarnavaz, Nasser Nadin, Mihai Univ Texas Dept Elect Engn Richardson TX 75080 USA

Window-based correlation algorithms are widely used for stereo matching due to their computational efficiency as compared to global algorithms. In this paper, a multiple window correlation algorithm for stereo matching is presented which addresses the problems associated with a fixed window size. The developed algorithm differs from the previous multiple window algorithms by introducing a reliability test to select the most reliable window among multiple windows of increasing sizes. This ensures that at least one window is large enough to cover a region of adequate intensity variations while at the same time small enough to cover a constant depth region. A recursive computation procedure is also used to allow a computationally efficient implementation of the algorithm. The outcome obtained from a standard set of images with known disparity maps shows that the generated disparity maps are more accurate as compared to two popular stereo matching local algorithms. (c) 2007 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： algorithm development Reliability Venus Image processing Cameras Volume rendering Distortion Light sources and illumination Visualization Electrical engineering

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FLIR ATR using location uncertainty

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2000年第2期9卷 178-193页

作者： Liu, G Haralick, RM Univ Washington Dept Elect Engn Intelligent Syst Lab Seattle WA 98195 USA

A model-based FLIR ATR algorithm is described. It utilizes boundary contrast for target detection and recognition. Boundary contrast is related to the location uncertainty at target boundary points. A polygon model is used for deriving target centroid location uncertainty caused by the boundary point location uncertainty. The significance of the work lies in the sound mathematical models used in deriving the relationship between contrast and location uncertainty for the boundary points and the relationship between boundary point location uncertainty and centroid location uncertainty Experiment results show significantly improved performance in detection, recognition, and localization. (C) 2000 SPIE and IS&T. [S1017-9909(00)01602-0].

关键词： Detection and tracking algorithms Forward looking infrared Automatic target recognition Target detection Target recognition Signal to noise ratio Image segmentation algorithm development Error analysis Sensors

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Progressive coding of error-diffused bilevel images

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2003年第1期12卷 173-178页

作者： Lee, CS Park, HW Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol Dept Elect Engn Taejon 305701 South Korea

We propose a new method to compress error-diffused bilevel images with resolution scalability. This method is a combination of inverse halftoning and rehalftoning. For the inverse halftoning, we combine 2 x 2 dots into a single pixel of a resolution-reduced image, where each pixel has a multilevel value of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. After the inverse halftoning, the resolution-reduced multilevel image is halftoned by using an error diffusion algorithm. Thus, the resolution of the error-diffused bilevel images can be reduced by repetition of the inverse halftoning and rehalftoning processes. After reducing the image size, we encode an error-diffused bilevel image progressively from the lowest resolution image to the highest resolution image. To encode higher resolution images, we use the information in the previously coded lower resolution image. Though the compression ratios of the proposed algorithm are similar to those of progressive Joint Bilevel Image Processing Group (JBIG), the image quality of the resolution-reduced image from the proposed algorithm is much better than that from the progressive JBIG. (C) 2003 SPIE and IST.

关键词： Image resolution Image compression Diffusion Binary data Image quality Image processing Quantization algorithm development Computer programming Image filtering

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Developing Multiagent algorithms for Tactical Missions Using Simulation

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IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS 2013年第1期28卷 42-49页

作者： Komenda, Antonin Vokrinek, Jiri Cap, Michal Pechoucek, Michal Czech Tech Univ Fac Elect Engn Agent Technol Ctr CR-16635 Prague Czech Republic Czech Tech Univ Dept Comp Sci CR-16635 Prague Czech Republic Czech Tech Univ Agent Technol Ctr CR-16635 Prague Czech Republic

The development process and simulation architecture presented here help narrow the gap between how theoretical AI algorithms are traditionally designed and validated and how practical algorithms for controlling roboti... 详细信息

关键词： Digital Simulation Military Systems Mobile Robots Multi Agent Systems Multi Robot Systems Telerobotics Simulated Tactical Missions Robotic Asset Control AI algorithms Simulation Architecture Multiagent algorithm development Actuators Computational Modeling Robot Kinematics Adaptation Models algorithm Design And Analysis Heuristic algorithms Intelligent Systems Multiagent Simulation Tactical Mission Coalition Operations algorithm development

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Method for the automatic detection and segmentation of the spinal canal in computed tomographic images

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2006年第3期15卷 033007.1-033007.9页

作者： Rangayyan, Rangaraj M. Deglint, Hanford J. Boag, Graham S. Univ Calgary Schulich Sch Engn Dept Elect & Comp Engn Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada Univ Calgary Schulich Sch Engn Dept Radiol Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada Alberta Childrens Prov Gen Hosp Calgary AB T2T 5C7 Canada

A method for the automatic 3-D segmentation of the spinal canal in computed tomographic (CT) images is presented. The method uses a priori radiological and anatomical information, mathematical morphology, and region-growing methods. The skin and peripheral fat structures are determined by delineating the air and other materials external to the body. Using the fat layer as a reference, the bone structure is segmented. The Hough transform for the detection of circles is applied to a cropped bone edge map that includes the thoracic vertebral structure. The centers of the detected circles are used to derive the information required for the fuzzy connectivity algorithm that is employed to segment the spinal canal. In a preliminary study, the method successfully segmented the spinal canal in eight CT volumes of four patients, with Hausdorff distances with reference to contours drawn independently by a radiologist in the range 1.7 +/- 0.8 mm. (c) 2006 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Image segmentation Bone Computed tomography Fuzzy logic 3D image processing Skin Feature extraction Hough transforms Tomography algorithm development

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Parallel implementation of the adaptive neighborhood contrast enhancement technique using histogram-based image partitioning

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2001年第3期10卷 804-813页

作者： Rangayyan, RM Alto, H Gavrilov, D Univ Calgary Dept Elect & Comp Engn Calgary AB Canada Univ Calgary Netera Alliance Calgary AB Canada

An adaptive neighborhood contrast enhancement (ANCE) technique was developed to improve the perceptibility of features in digitized mammographic images for use in breast cancer screening. The computationally intensive algorithm was implemented on a cluster of 30 COMPAQ Alpha processors using the message passing interface. The parallel implementation of the ANCE technique utilizes histogram-based image partitioning with each partition consisting of a list of gray-level values. The master processor allots one set of gray-level values to each slave processor. Each slave locates all possible seed pixels in the image with the designated gray-level values, grows a region around each pixel, enhances the contrast of the seed and any redundant seed pixels if required, and returns the results to the master. The master then sends a new set of gray-level values to the slave for processing. The subdivision of the original image based on gray-level values guarantees that slave processors do not process the same pixel, and is particularly well suited to the characteristics of the ANCE algorithm. The parallelism value of the problem is in the range of 16-20;the performance did not improve significantly when more than 16 processors were used. The performance declined when more than 20 processors were used. The result is a substantial improvement in processing time, leading to the enhancement of 4 Kx4 K pixel images in the range of 30-90 s. (C) 2001 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Image processing Mammography Image enhancement Breast cancer Biopsy Sun Cancer algorithm development Breast Image contrast enhancement

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Color filter array interpolation using color correlations and directional derivatives

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2003年第4期12卷 621-632页

作者： Kehtarnavaz, N Oh, HJ Yoo, YJ Univ Texas Dept Elect Engn Richardson TX 75083 USA Texas Instruments Inc Dallas TX 75243 USA

We present a color filter array interpolation algorithm to provide the missing colors associated with the commonly used Bayer pattern in digital still camera systems. The developed algorithm utilizes color correlation and directional derivative attributes of neighboring color pixels and is thus named C2D2. The main advantage of this algorithm is that it requires no user-defined parameter, as is the case in many edge-adaptive color filter array interpolation algorithms. Both an objective and subjective comparison are carried out with two other popular edge-adaptive algorithms. The results indicate that this algorithm consistently generates lower mean-squared interpolation errors in the RGB and L*a*b* color spaces. (C) 2003 SPIE and IST.

关键词： Dysprosium Digital cameras Optical filters algorithm development Image filtering Reconstruction algorithms Image processing RGB color model Sensors Digital filtering

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Robust watermark embedding/detection algorithm for H.264 video

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2005年第1期14卷 013013.1-013013.9页

作者： Wu, GZ Wang, YJ Hsu, WH Optoelect & Syst Lab Ind Technol Res Inst Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Natl Tsing Hua Univ Dept Elect Engn Hsinchu 300 Taiwan

We present a blind watermark embedding/detection algorithm to embed watermarks into H.264's I pictures. The embedded watermark can survive H.264's compression attacks with more than a 40:1 compression ratio in I pictures. One pair of predicted discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients within the blocks of size 4 X 4 are used to embed 1-bit watermark information. The embedding locations of DCT coefficients are switched from lower subbands to higher subbands in a predefined order while the distortions between predicted values and original values are larger than a tolerable bound. With these methods, the embedded watermarks can survive H.264's compression attacks with good invisibility. 2005 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Digital watermarking Video Switching Video compression Binary data Image compression Quantization algorithm development Computer programming Roads

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Three-dimensional gamut mapping using various color difference formulae and color spaces

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 1999年第4期8卷 365-379页

作者： Katoh, N Ito, M Ohno, S Sony Corp PNC Dev Ctr Shinagawa Ku Tokyo 1410001 Japan Sony Corp B&P Co Atsugi Kanagawa 2430024 Japan

Gamut mapping is a technique to transform out-of-gamut colors to the inside of the output device's gamut It is essential to develop effective mapping algorithms to realize "WYSIWYG" color reproduction. In this paper, three-dimensional gamut mapping using various color difference formulae and color spaces are considered. Visual experiments were performed to evaluate which combination of color difference formula and color space for gamut mapping was most preferred for five images. The color difference formulae used in the experiments were Delta E-ab *, Delta E-ab*, Delta E-94, Delta E-CMC, Delta E-BFD, and Delta E-wt. The color spaces used in the experiments were CIELAB, CIELUV, CIECAM97s, IPT, and NC-IIIC. A clipping method was used that maps all out-of-gamut colors to the surface of the gamut and no change was made to colors inside the gamut It was found that gamut mapping using Delta E-94, Delta E-CMC, and Delta E-wt were effective in CIELAB color space. For mapping images containing a large portion of blue colors, Delta E-BFD, and Delta E-UV* were found to be more effective. Delta E-ab* was least preferred for all images. With respect to color spaces, gamut mapping performed in the CIELUV color space was superior to any other color spaces for the blue region. We conclude that Delta E-94 in CIELUV and Delta E-BFD in CIELAB are the two most useful combinations of color difference formula and color space for gamut mapping, if we are to apply a single combination universally. (C) 1999 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Color difference CRTs Printing Visualization Associative arrays 3D image processing Mahalanobis distance Standards development algorithm development Voltage controlled current source

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Adaptive and integrated neighborhood-dependent approach for nonlinear enhancement of color images

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2005年第4期14卷 043006.1-043006.1页

作者： Tao, L Asari, VK Old Dominion Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Computat Intelligence & Machine Vis Lab Norfolk VA 23529 USA

A novel image enhancement algorithm called AINDANE ( adaptive and integrated neighborhood dependent approach for nonlinear enhancement) for improving the visual quality of digital images captured under extremely low or nonuniform lighting conditions is proposed. AINDANE is comprised of two separate processes, namely, adaptive luminance enhancement and adaptive contrast enhancement, to provide more flexibility and better control over image enhancement. Adaptive luminance enhancement is a global intensity transformation based on a specifically designed nonlinear transfer function, which is self-tuned by the histogram statistics of the input image. This process largely increases the luminance of darker pixels and compresses the dynamic range of the image at the same time. Adaptive contrast enhancement tunes the intensity of each pixel based on its relative magnitude with respect to the neighboring pixels. This process is also adaptively controlled by the global statistics of the image. A color restoration process, based on the relationship between the spectral bands and the luminance of the original image, is applied to convert the enhanced intensity image back to a color image. (c) 2005 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Image enhancement Image processing Image quality Image contrast enhancement Visualization Convolution algorithm development Image compression Color image processing Digital image processing

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