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检索条件"主题词=Algorithm development"

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FULLY-AUTOMATIC VENTRICLE DETECTION FROM CARDIAC MR-IMAGES USING MACHINE LEARNING

FULLY-AUTOMATIC VENTRICLE DETECTION FROM CARDIAC MR-IMAGES U...

引用

Conference on Image Processing

作者： WENG, J SINGH, A CHIU, MY MICHIGAN STATE UNIV DEPT COMP SCIE LANSINGMI 48824

ISBN: (纸本)081941462X

The objective of this work is to develop a technique that is reliable, adaptive, versatile to solve the problem of region detection for a relatively wide class of medical images. Learning is essential in approaching this objective. In order to fully use the properties of the medical images and obtain a high efficiency, we compute a binary visual attention map which contains the region of interest as well as other things. The learning takes place in two stages: (1) learning for automatic selection of threshold values; (2) learning for automatic selection of the region of interest from candidate regions in the attention map. The result from the second stage is evaluated based on a learned cost measure and the outcome is fed back to the first stage when necessary. This feedback enhances the reliability of the entire system. Experiments have been conducted to approximately locate the endocardium boundaries of the left and right ventricles from gradient-echo MR images.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging Image processing Medical imaging Image segmentation 3D modeling 3D image processing Computing systems Machine learning algorithm development Binary data

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EXACT-SOLUTIONS FOR REFLECTION AND DIRICHLET-TO-NEUMANN OPERATOR SYMBOLS IN DIRECT AND INVERSE WAVE-PROPAGATION MODELING

EXACT-SOLUTIONS FOR REFLECTION AND DIRICHLET-TO-NEUMANN OPER...

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Inverse Optics III Conference

作者： FISHMAN, L IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL AMES LABAMESIA 50011

The wave field splitting/invariant imbedding/phase space approach to direct and inverse wave propagation in the frequency domain is outlined. The properties and subsequent applications of the reflection and Dirichlet-... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)0819415456

关键词： Inverse optics Wave propagation Scattering algorithm development Space operations Acoustics Performance modeling Refractive index Mathematical modeling Physics

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OBJECTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF IMAGE ACUTANCE

OBJECTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF IMAGE ACUTANCE

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Conference on Image Perception: Medical Imaging 1994

作者： ELKADIKI, SG RANGAYYAN, RM UNIV CALGARY DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGNCALGARY T2N 1N4ALBERTACANADA

ISBN: (纸本)0819414611

Acutance refers to the sharpness and thus the perceptibility of features in an image. Currently available methods for characterization of perceptibility of image features are either highly subjective or statistical. There is a need for a purely objective measure to characterize the perceptibility of image features. This paper proposes a measure of acutance based on gray-level variations across the boundary of an object. An algorithm to calculate the acutance based on region growing and a derivative measure across region boundaries has been designed and implemented. After testing the algorithm on various images, it is shown that this measure can accurately reflect changes in the appearance of objects due to blurring and sharpening. Using this technique, it is possible to quantify the level of enhancement in a digital image by calculating the acutance before and after the enhancement operation.

关键词： Image enhancement Edge detection Visualization Eye Image filtering algorithm development Image analysis Image processing Digital imaging Tolerancing

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RETRIEVING IMAGES BY 2D SHAPE - A COMPARISON OF COMPUTATION METHODS WITH HUMAN PERCEPTUAL JUDGMENTS 2

RETRIEVING IMAGES BY 2D SHAPE - A COMPARISON OF COMPUTATION ...

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Conference on Storage and Retrieval for Image and Video Databases II

作者： SCASSELLATI, B ALEXOPOULOS, S FLICKNER, M MIT DEPT COMP SCICAMBRIDGEMA 02139

ISBN: (纸本)0819414808

In content based image retrieval, systems allow users to ask for objects similar in shape to a query object. However, there is no clear understanding of how computational shape similarity corresponds to human shape similarity. In this paper several shape similarity measures were evaluated on planar, connected, non-occluded binary shapes. Shape similarity using algebraic moments, spline curve distances, cumulative turning angle, signal of curvature and Hausdorff- distance were compared to human similarity judgments on twenty test shapes against a large image database.

关键词： Databases Binary data Computer programming Image retrieval Content based image retrieval Human subjects Matrices Optical inspection Raster graphics algorithm development

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LARGE-AREA PHASE-SHIFT MASK DESIGN 7

LARGE-AREA PHASE-SHIFT MASK DESIGN

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Optical/Laser Microlithography VII Conference

作者： COBB, N ZAKHOR, A UNIV CALIF BERKELEY DEPT ELECT ENGN & COMP SCIBERKELEYCA 94720

ISBN: (纸本)0819414921

In previous work, Liu and Zakhor developed an algorithm for automated design of diffraction compensated phase-shift masks (PSM) in isolated small areas. In our current work we focus on devising an algorithm that performs optimization for larger mask areas up to 100 X 100 micrometers ². We model Manhattan geometry masks using polygons composed of floating objects -- deformable edge segments and corner serifs. The model accommodates binary masks, alternating phase shift masks, and attenuated phase shift masks. With this underlying model, the positions of mask objects are optimized. Because of the simulation intensive nature of the optimization, we need an efficient intensity calculation method. To this end we employ mask function windowing approximation. We also use the fast Fourier transform (FFT) in changing to and from Fourier representations as necessary in the Hopkin's image intensity equations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm in improving image intensity characteristics at the focus plane and at defocus for various examples of binary and phase-shift masks.

关键词： Photomasks Optimization (mathematics) Phase shifts Binary data Fourier transforms Diffraction Manufacturing algorithm development Optical lithography Nonlinear filtering

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SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO AND RANGE OF PULSE-CODED OPTICAL COMMUNICATION THROUGH CLOUD ATMOSPHERE

SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO AND RANGE OF PULSE-CODED OPTICAL COMMU...

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Conference on Characterization and Propagation of Sources and Backgrounds

作者： ZEGE, EP KATSEV, IL PRIKHACH, AS Institute of Physics (Belarus)

ISBN: (纸本)0819415278

The features of forming a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as applied to the pulse-coded information transfer technique through an optical channel are considered. To maximize a SNR and a range of communication, an optimum receiver resolution time (RRT) should be found and used. An analytical solution as well as an algorithm to calculate the distortion of a pulse, propagating through a cloud layer, and the position and amplitude of a maximum of a recorded signal have been developed. They were realized as an interactive PC program, which calculates the optimum value of RRT and range limit of communication for any parameters of systems and optical channels (atmosphere + cloud).

关键词： Signal to noise ratio Atmospheric optics Clouds Optical communications algorithm development Channel projecting optics Telecommunications Atmospheric propagation Distortion Receivers

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FEATURE-EXTRACTION AND TRACKING IN OCEANOGRAPHIC VISUALIZATION

FEATURE-EXTRACTION AND TRACKING IN OCEANOGRAPHIC VISUALIZATI...

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Conference on Visual Data Exploration and Analysis

作者： ZHU, Z MOORHEAD, RJ ANAND, H RAJU, LR MSU NSFENGN COMPUTAT FIELD SIMULAT RES CTRMISSISSIPPI STATEMS 39762

ISBN: (纸本)0819414735

The Ocean contains complex physical phenomena that evolve over both space and time and exhibit many dynamic mesoscale features, like eddies and fronts. Studying the evolution, deformation, and interaction of these dynamic features and accurately modeling them is the essence of research in ocean circulation. Scientific visualization provides an effective means for scientists to study the evolution and interaction of oceanographic features in large time-varying, multiparameter data sets. One of the goals of oceanographic visualization is to build and validate the mathematical models. This generally necessitates an accurate tracking and therefore numerical description of those ocean features over space and time. Many visualization techniques have been found effective in providing insight. However, a desirable capability for visualization of mesoscale features is automatically recognizing and tracking underlying features in oceanographic data sets. Important features that may not be anticipated in large data sets should be detected automatically during the visualization process. The existence and therefore the locations of features are often unknown even to a knowledgeable user at the beginning. Without an automatic mechanisms, intensive and time-consuming searches must be performed, otherwise the features may not be revealed. In order to best characterize the features, locally optimized data classification must be achieved at each time step, each depth level and for each parameter. This is a difficult, if not impossible, task with traditional data classification methods. In this paper, we present the work we have done in addressing the feature extraction problem in four dimensional oceanographic visualization. We developed feature tracking algorithms that exploited the features' temporal and spatial correlations and applied them to tracking eddies over space and time.

关键词： Visualization Feature extraction Optical tracking algorithm development Detection and tracking algorithms Mathematical modeling Physical phenomena Scientific visualization 3D image processing Edge detection

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SIGNAL-PROCESSING APPROACHES TO RADIO-FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE (RFI) SUPPRESSION

SIGNAL-PROCESSING APPROACHES TO RADIO-FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE...

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Conference on algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery

作者： BRAUNSTEIN, M RALSTON, J SPARROW, D INST DEF ANAL DIV SCI & TECHNOLALEXANDRIAVA 22042

ISBN: (纸本)0819415340

Ultra-wideband radar (UWB) has been shown to be among the most powerful techniques available for underground and obscured object detection. The value of such systems is that they combine the penetration enhancement associated with VHF/UHF (and lower) frequencies with the resolution of wide absolute bandwidth. Such systems necessarily make use of much of the frequency spectrum already in heavy use by other services, such as television and mobile communications. Although this spectral overlap provides occasion for adverse consequences in both directions, to date the principal consequence has been often-severe impact on UWB radar measurements. Even in remote locations, the average interference power often exceeds receiver noise by many dB, becoming the limiting factor on system sensitivity. Nor are UWB radar designers free to overcome this interference by increasing radar power, since regulatory sanction for UWB operation will depend on maintaining sufficiently low spectral power densities to assure that other, prior, services are not appreciably degraded. Given the importance of radio frequency interference (RFI) on practical ultrawide band ground penetrating radar systems, it is important to consider how and to what extent the effects of RFI noise may be reduced. The overall problem of RFI and its impacts will be described and several signal processing approaches to removal of RFI will be discussed. These include spectral estimation and coherent subtraction algorithms and various filter approaches, which have been developed and applied by the signal processing community in other contexts. These methods will be applied to several different real-world experimental data sets, and quantitative measures of the effectiveness of each of these algorithms in removing RFI noise will be presented. Although computationally-intensive, most of the techniques to be described achieve substantial increases in S/RFI without requiring concomitant increases in radar average power.

关键词： Electromagnetic coupling Interference (communication) Signal processing Synthetic aperture radar Radar Receivers Data modeling algorithm development Antennas UWB radar

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ELECTRICAL TEST STRUCTURE FOR OVERLAY METROLOGY REFERENCED TO ABSOLUTE LENGTH STANDARDS 8

ELECTRICAL TEST STRUCTURE FOR OVERLAY METROLOGY REFERENCED T...

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Conference on IC Inspection, Metrology, and Process Control VIII, at the SPIE Microlithography 1994 Symposium

作者： CRESSWELL, MW PENZES, WB ALLEN, RA LINHOLM, LW ELLENWOOD, CH TEAGUE, EC NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DIV SEMICOND ELECTRGAITHERSBURGMD 20899

ISBN: (纸本)0819414913

This test structure is based on the voltage-dividing potentiometer principle and was originally replicated in a single lithography cycle to evaluate feature placement by a primary pattern generator. A new test structure has now been developed from the single-cycle version and has been used for measuring the overlay of features defined by two different exposures with a stepping projection aligner. The as-measured overlay values are processed by an algorithm that minimizes the effects of nominal random pattern imperfections. The algorithm further partitions measurements of overlay into contributions that derive, respectively, from misregistration of the image fields projected by the two masks and from the drawn misplacement of features on the masks. The numerical estimates of these contributions so obtained from the electrical measurements were compared with those extracted from the same features by the NIST line scale interferometer, providing traceability to absolute length standards. The two sets of measurements were found to agree to within the several-nanometer uncertainty cited for the line scale interferometer's readings alone.

关键词： Overlay metrology Interferometers Photomasks algorithm development Feature extraction Lithography

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BOUNDS FOR THE DISCRIMINATION POWER OF COLOR INDEXING TECHNIQUES 2

BOUNDS FOR THE DISCRIMINATION POWER OF COLOR INDEXING TECHNI...

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Conference on Storage and Retrieval for Image and Video Databases II

作者： STRICKER, MA SWISS FED INST TECHNOL COMMUN TECHNOL LABCH-8092 ZURICHSWITZERLAND

ISBN: (纸本)0819414808

Most color indexing techniques proposed in the literature are similar: images are represented by color histograms, and a metric on the color histogram space is used to determine the similarity of images. In this paper we determine the limits of these color indexing techniques. We propose two functions to measure the discrimination power of indexing techniques: the capacity (how many distinguishable histograms can be stored) and the maximal match number (the maximal number of retrieved images). We derive bounds for these functions. These bounds have two practical aspects. First, they help a user to decide whether color histograms effectively index database images from a given domain. Second, they facilitate the choice of a good threshold for the distance below which histograms are considered similar. Our arguments are based on an analysis of the metrical properties of the histogram space and results from coding theory. The results show that over a large range of reasonable parameters the capacity is very large. Thus, the set of parameters for which color indexing works well can be described as the set of parameters for which the maximal match number is below an application-dependent maximum.

关键词： Databases Image retrieval Coding theory Binary data Distance measurement Data modeling algorithm development Vector spaces Computer science

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