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检索条件"主题词=Algorithm development"

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ADAPTIVE SEMIAUTONOMOUS ROBOTIC NEUROCONTROLLER 5

ADAPTIVE SEMIAUTONOMOUS ROBOTIC NEUROCONTROLLER

引用

5th International Conference on Applications of Artificial Neural Networks

作者： COX, C EDWARDS, J SAEKS, R PAP, RM MATHIA, K ACCURATE AUTOMAT CORP CHATTANOOGATN 37421

ISBN: (纸本)0819415472

We have designed a neural network semiautonomous robotic arm controller. This controller performs end-effector path planning, inverse kinematics, and joint control to move the end- effector to a commanded position. We have tested the adaptive neural joint controller and inverse kinematics in simulation. The joint controller has been tested on two real arms. These real arms are the Extendable Stiff Arm Manipulator (ESAM) and the Proto-Flight Manipulator Arm (PFMA). Both of these arms are very different, yet the same unmodified joint controller software can control them both. The controller has also shown tremendous adaptability to large payload variations. It has been shown to adapt to a 35 pound end-effector payload on the ESAM from a zeroed initial state. This ability to handle different arms and payloads is due to the fact that the controller makes no assumptions as to the arm's dynamics or payload. The same tests performed on a decentralized PD controller showed that the neural network controller is superior.

关键词： Neural networks Kinematics Robotics Adaptive control Control systems Evolutionary algorithms algorithm development Device simulation Feedback control Control systems design

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WAVE-FRONT CONTROL algorithmS AND ANALYSIS FOR A DENSE ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS

WAVE-FRONT CONTROL ALGORITHMS AND ANALYSIS FOR A DENSE ADAPT...

引用

Conference on Laser Power Beaming

作者： MILMAN, M FIJANY, A REDDING, D JET PROP LAB PASADENACA 91109

ISBN: (纸本)081941414X

This paper presents the development and analysis of a wavefront control strategy for the Space Laser Electric Energy (SELENE) power beaming system. SELENE represents a substantial departure from most conventional adaptive optics systems in that the deformable element is the segmented primary mirror and the signal that is fedback includes both the local wavefront tilt and the relative edge mismatch between adjacent segments. The major challenge in designing the wavefront control system is the large number of subapertures that must be commanded. A fast and near optimal algorithm based on the local slope and edge measurements is defined for this system.

关键词： Wavefronts Sensors Adaptive optics Control systems Monte Carlo methods algorithm development Control systems design Error analysis Optical components Wavefront reconstruction

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EXPERIMENTAL-DETERMINATION OF MODE FIELDS IN INP-WAVE-GUIDES FROM MEASURED INTENSITY PROFILES USING OPTIMIZED DECONVOLUTION algorithmS

EXPERIMENTAL-DETERMINATION OF MODE FIELDS IN INP-WAVE-GUIDES...

引用

Conference on Linear and Nonlinear Integrated Optics

作者： HALFMANN, M KESSLER, G HEINLEIN, WE UNIV KAISERSLAUTERN LEHRSTUHL THEORET ELEKTROTECHD-67653 KAISERSLAUTERNGERMANY

ISBN: (纸本)0819415162

Mode fields of integrated optical waveguides based on Indium Phosphide (InP) have been determined from near-field intensity measurements obtained by scanning the front face of a waveguide two-dimensionally in the focal plane of a microscope lens. Due to diffraction the focal spot size of this microscope lens (NA equals 0.9) is limited to approximately 2 micrometers at (lambda) equals 1550 nm. The original mode field of the integrated waveguide can be restored by deconvolving the measured intensity profile with the effective focal spot of the scanning lens. Therefore the iterative deconvolution algorithms of Jansson (1984) and Gold (1964) have been expanded and optimized for 2D applications. In order to reduce the numerical effort of these 2D algorithms a novel deconvolution algorithm based on one-dimensional Hankel transform instead of two-dimensional Fourier transform has been developed. The numerical evaluation of these deconvolution algorithms shows a rms-error of less than 1% with an assumed signal to noise ratio of 100:1. Applying these algorithms to measured intensity profiles and comparing the deconvolved fields to the numerically calculated Eigenmode field leads to a maximum difference of less than 10%, which may be caused by the fact that neither the geometric dimensions nor the refractive indices of the examined waveguide are known exactly.

关键词： Deconvolution Waveguides Gold Microscopes Fourier transforms Integrated optics Signal to noise ratio algorithm development Convolution Near field scanning optical microscopy

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FAST AND ACCURATE SKEW DETECTION algorithm FOR A TEXT DOCUMENT OR A DOCUMENT WITH STRAIGHT-LINES

FAST AND ACCURATE SKEW DETECTION ALGORITHM FOR A TEXT DOCUME...

引用

Conference on Document Recognition

作者： BESSHO, G EJIRI, K CULLEN, JF RICOH CO LTD INFORMAT & COMMUN LABKOHOKU KUYOKOHAMAKANAGAWA 222JAPAN

ISBN: (纸本)081941476X

Bit-mapped images are becoming more popular in offices. Skew is a major problem for many otherwise promising applications. To remove the skew, we propose a new algorithm that makes use of both printed characters and straight line(s). Lines on a document are decomposed into small segments of black runs. By checking their connectivities, we can easily tell whether those runs are from the same line or not. To remove any bad effect from variation in line width, we sample a number of different x-y coordinates along the black runs, adjacent to white pixels. Those coordinates determine a correlation function which is used to find the correlation value. If the value is close to 1.0, we compute the higher-probability regression coefficient using the same parameters. The algorithm is effective both for horizontal and vertical lines. The coefficients can also be used to align character lines. The rectangles formed by connected black pixel are extracted using two or three different compression ratios. We can tell whether those characters are from the same character line or not, by checking the coordinates of rectangles in multiple compression images.

关键词： Detection and tracking algorithms Hough transforms Image compression Fourier transforms algorithm development Binary data Correlation function Image segmentation Radon Roads

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TIME-RESOLVED OPTICAL DIFFUSION TOMOGRAPHY

TIME-RESOLVED OPTICAL DIFFUSION TOMOGRAPHY

引用

Conference on Advances in Laser and Light Spectroscopy to Diagnose Cancer and Other Diseases

作者： APPLEDORN, CR KRUGER, RA LIU, PY INDIANA UNIV SCH MEDDEPT RADIOL IMAGING SCIINDIANAPOLISIN 46202

ISBN: (纸本)0819414301

A mathematical model is proposed describing time-resolved output measurements obtained on the surface of a diffusely scattering body due to an input pulse of near-IR light at a different location also on the surface. Such measurements can be obtained using a pulsed near-IR laser coupled with a CCD streak camera. The scattering body is assumed to exhibit homogenous scattering and spatially varying absorption. Using this model, an iterative algorithm is derived using maximum likelihood methods that allows the reconstruction of the spatial absorption pattern from a set of time-resolved tomographic measurements. The methodology places no restrictions upon the time-of-arrival of the detected photons, thus permitting the entire time-resolved signal to be used in the reconstruction process. The reconstruction algorithm is easily initialized and preliminary results indicate that stable reconstructions can be performed.

关键词： Absorption Reconstruction algorithms Photons Scattering algorithm development Tissues Light scattering Tomography Laser scattering Diffusion

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METHOD OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FOR OPTICAL REMOTE SENSING OF CHLOROPHYLL CONCENTRATION IN OCEAN WATERS 12

METHOD OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FOR OPTICAL REMOTE SENSING OF ...

引用

Ocean Optics XII Conference

作者： LEVIN, IM ZOLOTUKHIN, V PP SHIRSHOV OCEANOL INST ST PETERSBURG 193015RUSSIA

ISBN: (纸本)081941574X

In order to increase the accuracy of measuring the chlorophyll concentration from shipboard or satellite and to find out maximum potentials of remote sensing, the method of mathematical design of experiment is recommended. It is shown that the optimum design includes not more than two wide composite spectral channels. A recurrent algorithm for selection of the optimal spectral channel is suggested. In order to use this algorithm, one must know statistical characteristics of the system `water-leaving radiance spectrum-chlorophyll concentration in surface waters.' They were simulated on the basis of well-known low-parametric models for water optical properties because of the lack of experimental data on these characteristics. Optimal spectral channels have been computed and an example of chlorophyll concentration retrieval is shown. They may be considered as preliminary results demonstrating possibilities of the experimental design method.

关键词： Ocean optics Remote sensing Data modeling Receivers Sensors Water Computer simulations algorithm development Optical design Satellites

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TARGET DETECTION IN IMAGES WITH GENERALIZED SPECKLE NOISE 3

TARGET DETECTION IN IMAGES WITH GENERALIZED SPECKLE NOISE

引用

Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition III

作者： GAGLIARDI, R REED, I YU, XL UNIV SO CALIF DEPT ELECT ENGNLOS ANGELESCA 90089

ISBN: (纸本)0819415367

In this research likelihood ratio detection algorithms are derived for general types of speckle densities and receiver noise models. It is shown that the mixture formulation leads naturally to a discard decision rule, in which certain pixels must be discarded (without replacement) prior to detection processing. Hence the scene processor involves a prefilter that passes over the data to apply the discard rule. Rules for determining the discard operation are derived, and shown to depend on the specific models for the speckle, signal, and noise. It is also shown that the discard filter does not simply make a binary decision concerning the presence or absence of speckle at each pixel point. Comparison of the discard filter to windowed median filters and hard limiting filters are shown. The work is applicable primarily to optical imaging sensors.

关键词： Speckle Digital filtering Target detection algorithm development Binary data Detection and tracking algorithms Interference (communication) Lead Optical imaging Receivers

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CORRECTION OF SHADOW ARTIFACTS FOR VISION-BASED VEHICLE GUIDANCE 8

CORRECTION OF SHADOW ARTIFACTS FOR VISION-BASED VEHICLE GUID...

引用

Mobile Robots VIII Conference

作者： KENUE, SK GM CORP NAO RES & DEV CTRVEHICLE SYST RES DEPTWARRENMI 48090

ISBN: (纸本)0819413232

For vision-based detection of lane boundaries, current computer vision algorithms for lane detection do not work well in regions of deep shadow. A pre-processing algorithm for detection and correction of shadow and low-sun angle artifacts was developed and successfully used to estimate lane boundaries on more than 6000 real highway images.

关键词： Roads Detection and tracking algorithms Mobile robots algorithm development Image segmentation Computing systems Image processing Computer vision technology Intelligence systems Machine vision

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JUST-IN-CASE SCHEDULING FOR AUTOMATIC TELESCOPES

JUST-IN-CASE SCHEDULING FOR AUTOMATIC TELESCOPES

引用

Conference on Knowledge-Based Artificial Intelligence Systems in Aerospace and Industry

作者： SWANSON, K BRESINA, J DRUMMOND, M NASA AMES RES CTRMOFFETT FIELDCA 94035

ISBN: (纸本)0819415480

It is commonly acknowledged that there is a tradeoff between schedule quality and schedule robustness. In general terms, schedules that are of high quality tend to be of low robustness, and schedules that are robust tend to be of low quality. To better manage the robustness/quality tradeoff, we have developed an algorithm that implements what we call Just-In-Case scheduling; this algorithm explicitly considers the way in which scheduled actions might fail and how such failures can impact the executability of a schedule. Just-In-Case scheduling is able to build schedules that are robust and of high quality. The Just-In-Case algorithm is motivated in this paper by a specific telescope scheduling problem, and the paper presents the results of an experiment, carried out using real telescope scheduling data, that illustrates the performance improvement one can expect from using it.

关键词： Telescopes Space telescopes algorithm development Astronomical telescopes Device simulation Observatories Imaging systems Optical instrument design Objectives Stars

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TEXT CHARACTERIZATION BY CONNECTED COMPONENT TRANSFORMATIONS

TEXT CHARACTERIZATION BY CONNECTED COMPONENT TRANSFORMATIONS

引用

Conference on Document Recognition

作者： SPITZ, AL FUJI XEROX PALO ALTO LAB PALO ALTOCA 94304

ISBN: (纸本)081941476X

Worldwide there are many different scripts and languages in common use. Finding text lines and character and word boundaries, where present, are necessary primitive operations for most document processing applications. We have developed a method of handling text lines from several different languages that is robust in the presence of common printing and scanning artifacts. A technique is described by which information about the characteristics of a text line can be determined from a list of the connected pixel components that comprise the image. This technique applies across many languages and scripts that are laid out horizontally. For text comprising Roman type, the location and dimensions of each text line are augmented with positions of the baseline and x-height. Where appropriate, coordinates of space-delimited words and individual character cells are determined. This technique incorporates a computationally inexpensive method for straightening curved lines and segmenting kerned characters and a novel method based on font weight and stress for locating the boundaries of individual characters, even if their images touch.

关键词： Image segmentation Image processing Raster graphics Printing Detection and tracking algorithms algorithm development Image processing algorithms and systems Image registration Linear filtering Optical character recognition

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