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检索条件"主题词=Algorithm development"

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NONCAUSAL PREDICTIVE IMAGE-CODING

NONCAUSAL PREDICTIVE IMAGE-CODING

引用

Meeting on Visual Communications and Image Communication 93

作者： ZHOU, PF KHANSARI, M LEONGARCIA, A UNIV TORONTO DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGNTORONTO M5S 1A4ONTARIOCANADA

ISBN: (纸本)0819413690

This paper presents an application of Markov random field theory to image coding. First we use Markov random fields to model the correlation in the image intensity fields. We then propose a noncausal predictive image coding scheme in which the estimation of present pixel is based on both past and future neighboring pixels. A sequential iterative decoding algorithm is extended from 1D to 2D to perfectly reconstruct the image from estimation residuals at the decoder. We also develop a fast whirlpool algorithm to speed up the decoding. Open-loop and closed-loop quantizer structures are implemented for noncausal prediction and performances are compared with conventional DPCM predictive coding.

关键词： Image compression Computer programming Error analysis algorithm development Quantization Reconstruction algorithms Statistical analysis Image analysis Image restoration Probability theory

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ROBUST SHAPE RECONSTRUCTION FROM COMBINED SHADING AND STEREO INFORMATION 15

ROBUST SHAPE RECONSTRUCTION FROM COMBINED SHADING AND STEREO...

引用

CONF ON APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING 15

作者： LEE, KM KUO, CCJ Univ. of Southern California (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819409448

In this research, we first show that single-image shape from shading (SFS) algorithms share an inherent limitation in the accuracy of reconstructed surfaces due to the property of the reflectance map. That is, surface orientations can be accurately recovered if they lie along the gradient direction of the reflectance map function, but cannot be easily recovered if lying along the tangential direction. Then, we consider two methods which incorporate stereo information with shading to improve the performance. One is to use multiple images taken under different lightening conditions known as photometric stereo, and the other is to incorporate the height information obtained from images taken from different viewing angles known as the geometric stereo. With photometric stereo, we compensate the weakness of each reflectance map by combining several reflectance maps in a proper way in the gradient space and hence improve the accuracy of the results. With geometric stereo, absolute heights at sparse feature points are obtained and used as constraints on the resulting surface so that the ambiguity can be resolved. Simulation results for several test images are given to show the performance of our new robust algorithms.

关键词： Reflectivity Reconstruction algorithms Digital image processing 3D image processing Light sources and illumination Chemical elements Image processing algorithm development Cameras Computer simulations

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PERFORMANCE CHARACTERIZATION AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF ATR algorithmS TO SCENE DISTORTIONS

PERFORMANCE CHARACTERIZATION AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF ATR...

引用

CONF ON ARCHITECTURE, HARDWARE, AND FORWARD-LOOKING INFRARED ISSUES IN AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION

作者： MOHD, MA Sverdrup Technology Inc. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819411930

In pattern recognition systems the basic task is to match scenes obtained by a sensor at different times. Over the years several algorithms were developed for automatic pattern recognition systems for target acquisition. How good are they? Why do they work? Why do they not work under a different environmental condition? These are questions to which we seek answers. In this paper, a methodology is developed to characterize algorithm performance when subjected to scene geometrical distortions to give insight into the questions posed above. The methodology used is a parameter variation techniques where by perturbations in sensor range and roll angle are made and target probability of detection and location determined. In this investigation actual infrared images are used. The sensitivity analysis methodology developed is illustrated with an example. Application of the generic methodology developed can serve as a very useful tool in testing and evaluating automated pattern recognition systems used in industrial, scientific, commercial, medical, civil defense, and national defense applications.

关键词： Detection and tracking algorithms algorithm development Automatic target recognition Bridges Target detection Sensors Target acquisition Infrared imaging Pattern recognition Image sensors

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REAL-TIME SCHEDULING OF PRODUCTION WITH DYNAMIC SETUP CHANGES

REAL-TIME SCHEDULING OF PRODUCTION WITH DYNAMIC SETUP CHANGE...

引用

Conference on Vision, Sensors, and Control for Automated Manufacturing Systems

作者： BAI, SX BURHANPURWALA, JH UNIV FLORIDA DEPT IND & SYST ENGNGAINESVILLEFL 32611

ISBN: (纸本)0819413283

In this paper we discuss the approach to model a real-time control system for a two part type, two machine, two buffer manufacturing system with finite set-up change times for machines. The environment is stochastic due to random machine breakdown and repair times. A four level hierarchical structure is used for this purpose. The objective is to minimize the work-in- process inventory while satisfying the demand. The demand rate is considered to be piece-wise constant. Simulations are made on the system to study its performance.

关键词： Control systems Manufacturing Systems modeling algorithm development Information operations Computer simulations Silicon Stochastic processes Feedback control Nonlinear control

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SYSTEMATIC CONSTRUCTION OF ORDER-RECURSIVE LS ESTIMATION algorithmS WITH ELEMENTARY ORTHOGONAL TRANSFORMATIONS 4

SYSTEMATIC CONSTRUCTION OF ORDER-RECURSIVE LS ESTIMATION ALG...

引用

4TH CONF ON ADVANCED SIGNAL PROCESSING algorithmS, ARCHITECTURES, AND IMPLEMENTATIONS

作者： LING, F Motorola (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819412767

This paper demonstrates that order-recursive least squares (ORLS) algorithms based on orthogonal transformations and hyperbolic transformations can be systematically constructed in two steps. The first step is to determine the structure of the ORLS algorithm according to the property of the data vector in the LS estimation and the requirements to the output. The second step is to determine the proper implementation of building blocks of the ORLS structure using orthogonal or hyperbolic transformations. The canonical ORLS structure and some possible orthogonal/hyperbolic implementations of their building blocks are presented. It is also shown that some of the orthogonal transformations are only applicable to certain types of ORLS structures and not to others.

关键词： algorithm development Error analysis Detection and tracking algorithms Digital signal processing Expectation maximization algorithms Statistical analysis Factor analysis Magnesium Roads Telecommunications

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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF PHASE RETRIEVAL FOR INVERSE SCATTERING 2

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF PHASE RETRIEVAL FOR INVERSE SC...

引用

Conference on Digital Image Recovery and Synthesis II

作者： MALEKI, MH DEVANEY, AJ NORTHEASTERN UNIV DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGNBOSTONMA 02115

ISBN: (纸本)0819412783

We present results obtained from the application of a novel phase retrieval algorithm on experimental scattering data from a microlens array, with the aim of reconstructing the phase profile across the array. The algorithm, originally developed for electron microscopy, requires two intensity measurements at different distances from a weak scatter, where the total transmitted field is composed of the coherent sum of an incident plane wave and the scattered wave. The algorithm is noniterative and does not have the convergence problems associated with iterative algorithms. Our results obtained using the new algorithm on experimental data are comparable to those obtained with the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm, and the computational cost is much less. The new technique shows great promise for inverse scattering applications, such as optical diffraction tomography and rough surface profiling, where the scattering can be assumed to be weak.

关键词： Diffraction Inverse scattering algorithm development Phase retrieval Scattering Microlens array Distance measurement Image restoration Fourier transforms Tomography

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EVALUATING 3D REGISTRATION OF CT-SCAN IMAGES USING CREST LINES 2

EVALUATING 3D REGISTRATION OF CT-SCAN IMAGES USING CREST LIN...

引用

CONF ON MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICAL IMAGING 2

作者： AYACHE, N GUEZIEC, A THIRION, JP GOURDON, A KNOPLIOCH, J INRIA (France) GE-CGR (France)

ISBN: (纸本)0819412848

We consider the issue of matching 3D objects extracted from medical images. We show that crest lines computed on the object surfaces correspond to meaningful anatomical features, and that they are stable with respect to rigid transformations. We present the current chain of algorithmic modules which automatically extract the major crest lines in 3D CT-Scan images, and then use differential invariants on these lines to register together the 3D images with a high precision. The extraction of the crest lines is done by computing up to third order derivatives of the image intensity function with appropriate 3D filtering of the volumetric images, and by the 'marching lines' algorithm. The recovered lines are then approximated by splines curves, to compute at each point a number of differential invariants. Matching is finally performed by a new geometric hashing method. The whole chain is now completely automatic, and provides extremely robust and accurate results, even in the presence of severe occlusions. In this paper, we briefly describe the whole chain of processes, already presented to evaluate the accuracy of the approach on a couple of CT-scan images of a skull containing external markers.

关键词： 3D image processing Image registration Medical imaging Mathematical modeling Skull Detection and tracking algorithms Image resolution Image segmentation algorithm development Image processing

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CONTROL OF MAN-MACHINE-SYSTEM FOR DEXTEROUS MANIPULATION

CONTROL OF MAN-MACHINE-SYSTEM FOR DEXTEROUS MANIPULATION

引用

1993 SPIE Technical Conference on Telemanipulator Technology and Space Telerobotics

作者： KOSUGE, K FUJISAWA, Y FUKUDA, T NAGOYA UNIV DEPT MECH INFORMAT & SYSTCHIKUSA KUNAGOYA 46401JAPAN

ISBN: (纸本)0819413224

With the development of robotic technology, many robots have been applied to various fields, such as factories, construction sites, and so on. However, most of the robots have been applied to tasks which require them to repeat the same operation for the known environment automatically. Execution of tasks with unknown environments is still a difficult problem for today's autonomous robot. A robotic system which cooperates with a human operator seems to be an effective approach to solve the problem. In this paper, we are going to discuss a control strategy for a robotic system directly maneuvered by an operator like a human amplifier. The results in this paper could be applied to a telerobotic system. We propose an alternative control algorithm based on `virtual tool' dynamics for the mechanical system. The control algorithm is designed without explicit models of the environment and the human operator. By controlling the mechanical system so as to imitate the dynamics of a tool, the algorithm specifies both the human force amplification ratio and the maneuverability of the system.

关键词： Control systems Robots Robotic systems Environmental sensing Sensors Amplifiers algorithm development Control systems design Robotics Space operations

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TRACK ORIENTED CHEMICALLY-AMPLIFIED RESIST PROCESSES FOR QUARTER-MICRON LITHOGRAPHY 10

TRACK ORIENTED CHEMICALLY-AMPLIFIED RESIST PROCESSES FOR QUA...

引用

10TH CONF ON ADVANCES IN RESIST-TECHNOLOGY

作者： REILLY, MT KRASNOPEROVA, AA LEONARD, Q TAYLOR, JW PAN, SW Univ. of Wisconsin/Madison (United States)

The establishment of standard resist processes are a primary requirement for the X-ray Lithography National Test Bed at the Center for X-ray Lithography. For this, experimental design is a necessary component of the methodology given the large parameter space associated with chemically amplified resists (CARs). The process development is carried out in three phases. DOX is applied to several steps in the development. The vacuum hot plate pre-bake, post-bake time, temperature and the exposure dose have the greatest effect on controlling the performance of the resist. Constraints are placed on the contrast, develop time and unexposed resist loss. The exposure dose needed to meet these requirements is obtained from the modified response surface of the bulk behavior. The final optimization is based on the CD control and side wall angle for quarter-micron features in resist. The process is run on a sampled basis in order to determine the control issues. Control limits are set from these data, and the process performance is determined.

关键词： Photoresist processing X-ray lithography Lithography Standards development Photomasks algorithm development Data processing Diffusion Optimization (mathematics) Semiconducting wafers

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INTEGRATED INSPECTION SYSTEM FOR IMPROVED MACHINE PERFORMANCE

INTEGRATED INSPECTION SYSTEM FOR IMPROVED MACHINE PERFORMANC...

引用

Conference on Vision, Sensors, and Control for Automated Manufacturing Systems

作者： MOU, J DONMEZ, MA UNIV ILLINOIS DEPT MECH ENGNCHICAGOIL 60680

ISBN: (纸本)0819413283

An integrated inspection system for improving the accuracy of CNC machine tools is proposed. The system described in this paper emphasizes the integration of the on-machine inspection and analysis techniques with the information coming from post-process and on- machine inspection to improve machine performance automatically. algorithms are derived for analyzing the post-process and on-machine inspection data to identify residual systematic errors and relate them to the machine performance. Various data analysis algorithms and techniques are compared. A feature comparison approach is developed to relate the dimensional and form errors of a manufactured workpiece to the systematic machine tool errors. Inverse kinematics technique and statistical methods are used to identify and characterize the contribution of each geometric error component. A self tuning algorithm is also proposed to fine tune the geometric-thermal model.

关键词： Error analysis Inspection Spindles algorithm development Manufacturing System integration Data modeling Diagnostics Kinematics Statistical modeling

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