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Novel techniques for reducing blocking artifacts in motion compensated frame

JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2006年第1期15卷 013007.1-013007.8页

作者： Ahmadianpour, Farzin Ahmad, M. Omair Concordia Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Montreal PQ H3G 1M8 Canada

We present two new techniques for reducing blocking artifacts in motion compensated frames. These techniques can be applied generally to motion compensated frames obtained by employing any partitioning schemes. In the first technique, the weighting coefficients of the overlapped block motion compensation are modeled with fuzzy relations. These fuzzy relations are formed based on two fuzzy sets, which define the closeness of a given pixel to the block boundaries in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. The second technique uses the similarity between a set of pixels inside a partitioned region and that on the borders to modify the border pixels. Simulations conducted on several benchmark video sequences indicate that the proposed techniques can improve the subjective quality of the frames as well as reduce the prediction error. (c) 2006 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Fuzzy logic Video Digital filtering Motion estimation Motion models Image filtering Linear filtering algorithm development Visualization Computer programming

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Digital image processing based identification of nodes and internodes of chopped biomass stems

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COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE 2014年 105卷 54-65页

作者： Pothula, Anand Kumar Igathinathane, C. Kronberg, S. Hendrickson, J. N Dakota State Univ Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn Fargo ND 58102 USA USDA ARS No Great Plains Res Lab Mandan ND 58554 USA

Chemical composition of biomass feedstock is an important parameter for optimizing the yield and economics of various bioconversion pathways. Although chemical composition of biomass varies among species, varieties, and plant components, there is distinct variation even among stem components, such as nodes and internodes. Separation of morphological components possessing different quality attributes and utilizing them in 'segregated processing' leads to better handling, more efficient processing, and high-valued products generation. Using equipment to separate morphological components such as node and internodes of biomass stem that have closely related physical properties (e.g., size, shape, density) is difficult. However, as the nodes and internodes are clearly distinct in appearance by visual observation, the potential of digital image analysis for node and internode identification and quantification was investigated. We used chopped stems of big bluestem, corn, and switchgrass as test materials. Pixel color variation along the length was used as the principle of identifying the nodes and internodes. An algorithm in MATLAB was developed to evaluate the gray value intensity within a narrow computational band along the major axis of nodes and internodes. Several extracted image features, such as minimum, maximum, average, standard deviation, and variation of the computational band gray values;ribbon length of the computational band normalized gray value curve (NGVC), unit ribbon length of NGVC;area under NGVC, and unit area under NGVC were tested for the identification. Unit area under NGVC was the best feature/parameter for the identification of the nodes and internodes with an accuracy of about 96.6% (9 incorrect out of 263 objects). This image processing methodology of nodes and intenodes identification can form the supporting software for the hardware systems that perform the separation. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： algorithm development Biomass processing Grading and sorting Gray value Machine vision MATLAB

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Image segmentation in compressed domain

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2003年第3期12卷 390-397页

作者： Feng, GC Jiang, JM Univ Bradford Sch Informat Bradford BD7 1DP W Yorkshire England Zhongshan Univ Fac Math & Comp Sci Guangzhou Peoples R China

We propose a direct image segmentation algorithm in the JPEG compressed domain. The algorithm features extracting statistical parameters from direct cosine transform (DCT) coefficients without its inverse transform, and growing regions in line with JPEG compression seamlessly in blocks of 8 x 8 pixels. In comparison with the latest research efforts in region-based image segmentation, our proposed algorithm achieves significant advantages, including (1) no iteration is involved, (2) no full decompression is required, and (3) segmentation performance is competitive. (C) 2003 SPIE and IST.

关键词： Image segmentation Image compression Image processing algorithms and systems algorithm development Image processing Image retrieval Sensors Detection and tracking algorithms Edge detection Feature extraction

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Signature adaptive target detection and threshold selection for constant false alarm rate

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2005年第3期14卷 033009.1-033009.1页

作者： Crosby, F Naval Surface Warfare Ctr Dahlgren Ctr Panama City FL USA

A constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection algorithm and a threshold selection algorithm are adapted and developed for use in multiband-image small-target detection. While it is often difficult to predict the spectral signatures of targets, the shape of the target may be known. This detection algorithm exploits geometric target features and spectral differences between the target and the surrounding area. The detection algorithm is derived from a general statistical model of the data with most emphasis on the background. The utility of CFAR algorithms is that the selection of a detection threshold can be made independently of image intensity. However, varied applications of the algorithms show that detection values are dependent on the scene adherence to the model. Achieving a CFAR in applications is very difficult. The threshold for a desired number of false alarms fluctuates with differing backgrounds. By appropriately mapping observations to the model, an automatic threshold selection algorithm is shown. Combining the CFAR-detection algorithm with the threshold selection algorithm produces a reliable constant false alarm rate. (c) 2005 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Detection and tracking algorithms Target detection Vegetation Multispectral imaging algorithm development Statistical analysis Image processing Data modeling Land mines Environmental sensing

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Fast algorithms for histogram matching: Application to texture synthesis

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2000年第1期9卷 39-45页

作者： Rolland, JP Vo, V Bloss, B Abbey, CK Univ Cent Florida Sch Opt Orlando FL 32816 USA Univ Cent Florida CREOL Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Orlando FL 32816 USA Univ Cent Florida Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Orlando FL 32816 USA Univ Arizona Program Appl Math Tucson AZ 85724 USA

Texture synthesis is the ability to create ensembles of images of similar structures from sample textures that have been photographed. The method we employ for texture synthesis is based on histogram matching of images at multiple scales and orientations. This paper reports two fast and in one case simple algorithms for histogram matching We show that the sort-matching and the optimal cumulative distribution function (CDF)-matching (OCM) algorithms provide high computational speed compared to that provided by the conventional approach. The sort-matching algorithm also provides exact histogram matching. Results of texture synthesis using either method show no subjective perceptual differences. The sort-matching algorithm is attractive because of its simplicity and speed, however as the size of the image increases, the OCM algorithm may be preferred for optimal computational speed. (C) 2000 SPIE and IS&T. [S1017-9909(00)00601-2].

关键词： Mammography algorithm development Image processing Image quality Medical imaging Computer graphics Computer science Electrical engineering Photography Volume rendering

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Advances in landslide nowcasting: evaluation of a global and regional modeling approach

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ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES 2012年第6期66卷 1683-1696页

作者： Kirschbaum, Dalia Bach Adler, Robert Hong, Yang Kumar, Sujay Peters-Lidard, Christa Lerner-Lam, Arthur NASA Hydrol Sci Branch Goddard Space Flight Ctr Greenbelt MD 20771 USA Univ Maryland ESSIC College Pk MD 20740 USA Univ Oklahoma Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci Norman OK 73072 USA Univ Oklahoma Natl Weather Ctr ARRC Atmospher Radar Res Ctr Norman OK 73072 USA Sci Applicat Int Corp SAIC Beltsville MD USA Columbia Univ Lamont Doherty Earth Observ Palisades NY 10964 USA

The increasing availability of remotely sensed data offers a new opportunity to address landslide hazard assessment at larger spatial scales. A prototype global satellite-based landslide hazard algorithm has been developed to identify areas that may experience landslide activity. This system combines a calculation of static landslide susceptibility with satellite-derived rainfall estimates and uses a threshold approach to generate a set of 'nowcasts' that classify potentially hazardous areas. A recent evaluation of this algorithm framework found that while this tool represents an important first step in larger-scale near real-time landslide hazard assessment efforts, it requires several modifications before it can be fully realized as an operational tool. This study draws upon a prior work's recommendations to develop a new approach for considering landslide susceptibility and hazard at the regional scale. This case study calculates a regional susceptibility map using remotely sensed and in situ information and a database of landslides triggered by Hurricane Mitch in 1998 over four countries in Central America. The susceptibility map is evaluated with a regional rainfall intensity-duration triggering threshold and results are compared with the global algorithm framework for the same event. Evaluation of this regional system suggests that this empirically based approach provides one plausible way to approach some of the data and resolution issues identified in the global assessment. The presented methodology is straightforward to implement, improves upon the global approach, and allows for results to be transferable between regions. The results also highlight several remaining challenges, including the empirical nature of the algorithm framework and adequate information for algorithm validation. Conclusions suggest that integrating additional triggering factors such as soil moisture may help to improve algorithm performance accuracy. The regional algorithm scenario r

关键词： Landslide forecasting Hazard inventory algorithm development Central America Hurricane Mitch

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COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF VARIOUS FRINGE THINNING algorithmS IN PHOTOMECHANICS

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 1995年第1期4卷 71-83页

作者： RAMESH, K SINGH, RK Indian Institute of Technology (India)

In recent years several algorithms have been reported for automating fringe data collection in photomechanics using the technique of digital image processing (DIP). Recent advances in phase shifting interferometry have offered some hope for full automation of static problems. However, for real-time dynamic studies conventional recording of fringes is a must. Fringe thinning is a very crucial step in extracting data for further processing. The various DIP algorithms for fringe thinning are surveyed and an attempt is made to explain better the mechanism of fringe skeleton extraction by various algorithms. The algorithm of Ramesh and Pramod is improved to extract fringe skeletons from saddle points in the fringe field. A comparative performance evaluation of these algorithms is discussed with respect to the quality and accuracy of fringe skeleton extracted and the processing time. Performance evaluation is done on a few computer-generated test images and also on images recorded by the technique of photoelasticity. The improved version of the algorithm of Ramesh and Pramod is found to give better fringe skeletons, it is also the fastest and the processing time is an order of magnitude less than the other algorithms. If is proposed that these computer-generated test images could be used as standard test images for checking the performance of any new fringe thinning algorithm.

关键词： Fringe analysis Detection and tracking algorithms Image processing Edge detection algorithm development Photoelasticity Binary data Image segmentation Moire patterns Digital image processing

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Highway voting system: Embracing a possible paradigm shift in traffic data acquisition

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TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART C-EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 2015年 56卷 149-160页

作者： Lin, Wei-Hua Lo, Hong K. Univ Arizona Dept Syst & Ind Engn Tucson AZ 85721 USA Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Dept Civil & Environm Engn Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China

The integration of intemet and mobile phones has opened the door to a new wave of utilizing private vehicles as probes not only for performance evaluation but for traffic control as well, gradually replacing the role of traffic surveillance systems as the dominant source of traffic data. To prepare for such a paradigm shift, one needs to overcome some key institutional barriers, in particular, the privacy issue. A Highway Voting System (HVS) is proposed to address this issue in which drivers provide link- and/or path-based vehicle data to the traffic management system in the form of "votes" in order to receive favorable service from traffic control. The proposed HVS offers a platform that links data from individual vehicles directly with traffic control. In the system, traffic control responds to voting vehicles in a way similar to the current system responding to prioritized vehicles and providing the requested services accordingly. We show in the paper that the proposed "voting" system can effectively resolve the privacy issue which often hampers traffic engineers from getting detailed data from drivers. Strategies to entice drivers into "voting" so as to increase the market penetration level under all traffic conditions are discussed. Though the focus of the paper is on addressing the institutional issues associated with data acquisition from individual vehicles, other research topics associated with the proposed system are identified. Two examples are given to demonstrate the impact of the proposed system on algorithm development and traffic control. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Traffic control Data collection System optimum Privacy issues Equitability Sustainability algorithm development

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Cell-based hybrid adaptive mesh refinement algorithm for immersed boundary method

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS 2022年第3期94卷 272-294页

作者： Saravanan, Vignesh Choung, Hanahchim Lee, Soogab Seoul Natl Univ Dept Aerosp Engn Gwanak Ro 1 Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Inst Engn Res Seoul South Korea

This article proposes a hybrid adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) algorithm for the immersed boundary method (IBM) combination, and the AMR code is split into mesh and physics codes to optimize each part individually. The uniform parent grid solver is used for AMR grids by constructing hanging cells for the high-order extension. The restrictive spatial refinement in a fully threaded tree (FTT) data structure is explored, and a simplified stencil search algorithm for hanging cells construction is introduced, including current and following child AMR level cells, if any. The proposed AMR method was applied to IBM, which offers flexibility in treating complex geometries in the Cartesian grid, leading to algorithmic simplicity and computational efficiency. Local near immersed boundary refinement is proposed to avoid complex and computationally expensive IBM and AMR algorithms near the solid bodies. Finally, a high-order flux scheme extension at AMR level transition cells and the proposed method's applicability for steady and transient flows are demonstrated. Besides state and flux variables storage, the proposed hybrid AMR method's additional cost is 4.5 words/cell instead of 3.5 words/cell for 2D and 3.75 words/cell instead of 2.75 words/cell for 3D compared to the conventional FTT-based AMR method. By comparing the uniform grid, the AMR final grid distribution shows that the optimal cell distribution based on flow physics reduces the cells required by more than 40% to resolve the complex flow features in less computational time. The enhanced performance and accuracy of the proposed AMR method in resolving different scale flow features are validated through benchmark problems.

关键词： algorithm development cell-based data structure high-order extension hybrid adaptive mesh refinement immersed boundary method steady transient flow

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Class-prioritized compression of multispectral imagery data

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2002年第2期11卷 246-256页

作者： Saghri, JA Tescher, AG Omran, MGH Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo Dept Elect Engn San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA Compress Sci Corp Inc Sunnyvale CA 95085 USA Al Andalus Kuwait Kuwait

A joint classification-compression scheme that provides the user with added capability to prioritize classes of interest in the compression process is proposed. The dual compression system includes a primary unit for conventional coding of a multispectral image set followed by an auxiliary unit to code the resulting error induced on pixel vectors that represent classes of interest. This technique effectively allows classes of interest in the scene to be coded at a relatively higher level of precision than nonessential classes. Prioritized classes are selected from a thematic map or directly specified by their unique spectral signatures. Using the specified spectral signatures of the prioritized classes as end members, a modified linear spectral unmixing procedure is applied to the original data as well as to the decoded data. The resulting two sets of concentration maps, which represent classes prioritized before and after compression, are compared and the differences between them are coded via an auxiliary compression unit and transmitted to the receiver along with a conventionally coded image set. At the receiver, the differences found are blended back into the decoded data for enhanced restoration of the prioritized classes. The utility of this approach is that it works with any multispectral compression scheme. This method has been applied to test the imagery from various platforms including NOAA's AVHRR (1.1 km GSD), and LANDSAT 5 TM (30 m GSD), LANDSAT 5 MSS (79 m GSD). (C) 2002 SPIE and IST.

关键词： Image compression Multispectral imaging Earth observing sensors Landsat algorithm development Associative arrays Image transmission Standards development Sensors Spatial resolution

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