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Two-dimensional control systems: Learning from implementations

JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2001年第3期10卷 661-668页

作者： Duncan, SR Univ Oxford Dept Engn Sci Oxford OX1 3PJ England

The design of sensing and control systems for two-dimensional industrial processes such as paper making, plastic film extrusion and metal rolling, has drawn extensively upon concepts from two-dimensional signal processing and image processing. The performance of two-dimensional control systems is discussed in terms of spatial and dynamic bandwidths and is illustrated by examples from the control of cross-directional variations on a plastic film extrusion line. By relating these bandwidths to the specification of the required quality of the finished film and typical disturbances that enter the process, specifications are developed for the design of the actuators, the sensing system and the control algorithm. It is shown that the current generation of control systems is not suitable for controlling variations over small areas of sheet, but a system which regulates over much smaller areas could be developed using recent developments in sensors and two-dimensional control algorithms. (C) 2001 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Control systems Actuators Critical dimension metrology Control systems design Sensors Sensing systems Laser induced plasma spectroscopy algorithm development Imaging systems Image processing

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Check image compression using a layered coding method

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 1998年第3期7卷 426-442页

作者： Huang, JC Wang, Y Wong, EK Polytech Univ Dept Elect Engn Brooklyn NY 11201 USA Polytech Univ Dept Comp & Informat Sci Brooklyn NY 11201 USA

An emerging trend in the banking industry is to digitize checks for storage and transmission. An immediate requirement for efficient storage and transmission is check image compression. General purpose compression algorithms such as JPEG and wavelet-based methods produce annoying ringing or blocking artifacts at high compression ratios, in this paper, a layered approach to check image compression is proposed in which a check image is represented in several layers. The first layer describes the foreground map;the second layer specifies the gray levels of foreground pixels;the third layer is a lossy representation of the background image;and the fourth layer describes the error between the original and the reconstructed image of the first three layers. The layered coding approach produces images of better quality than traditional JPEG and wavelet coding methods, especially in the foreground, i.e., the text and graphics, in addition, this approach allows progressive retrieval or transmission of different image layers. (C) 1998 SPIE and IS&T. [S1017-9909(98)01403-2].

关键词： Image compression Image segmentation Image quality Chromium Visualization Binary data Image processing algorithms and systems Image processing algorithm development Wavelets

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Application-specific image compression for multimedia applications

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 1998年第3期7卷 464-473页

作者： Moni, S Cadence Design Syst Sunnyvale CA 94086 USA USN Air Warfare Ctr Weap Div China Lake CA 93555 USA

In order to establish a synergy between the compression scheme and the intended processing of the compressed image, we develop a family of compression algorithms that can adapt to the specialized requirements imposed by the application. The focus of this work is on wavelet-based compression for still images. A family of eight compression schemes is proposed to address specialized multimedia requirements such as (i) partial evaluation of wavelet coefficients, (ii) asymptotic losslessness of the algorithms, (iii) tree-structure in the selected coefficients, and (iv) optimization of either energy compaction or coefficient retention. Experimental results, including fraction of coefficients evaluated, rate-distortion performance, and coefficient retention are presented. (C) 1998 SPIE and IS&T. [S1017-9909(98)00503-0].

关键词： Image compression Computer programming Wavelets Multimedia Quantization Databases algorithm development Visualization Image processing Telemedicine

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Time-frequency analysis for radar classification of land-mine images

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2007年第3期16卷 033014.1-033014.12页

作者： Wong, David C. Nguyen, Lam H. Gaunaurd, Guillermo C. Army Res Lab Adelphi MD 20783 USA

We use time-frequency (t-f) analysis techniques to examine the echo returns present in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of land-mine fields. A flying platform illuminates a mine field containing various types of mines and "confusers," with an ultra-wideband radar. A number of familiar time-frequency distributions are used to inspect the various possible mine locations above and below the ground surface. The 2-dimensional plots generated by these distributions offer a larger variety of features and clues that facilitate the discrimination of each mine type from the others and from possible "confusers." Conclusions emerge that confirm that the pseudo-Wigner-Ville and the Choi-Williams distributions provide the best discrimination results, as was pointed out in earlier work. Larger mines such as the ones denoted here as "type 1" are the easiest to discriminate. Comparison of mines to clutter objects ("confusers') shows that such objects are clearly distinguishable from all the present metal mines. (c) 2007 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Mining Synthetic aperture radar Time-frequency analysis Radar Image classification Soil science algorithm development Inspection Metals Spatial resolution

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From Retinex to Automatic Color Equalization: issues in developing a new algorithm for unsupervised color equalization

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2004年第1期13卷 75-84页

作者： Rizzi, A Gatta, C Marini, D Univ Milan Dept Informat Technol I-26013 Crema Italy Univ Milan Dept Sci Technol I-20100 Milan Italy

We present a comparison between two color equalization algorithms: Retinex, the famous model due to Land and McCann, and Automatic Color Equalization (ACE), a new algorithm recently presented by the authors. These two algorithms share a common approach to color equalization, but different computational models. We introduce the two models focusing on differences and common points. An analysis of their computational characteristics illustrates the way the Retinex approach has influenced ACE structure, and which aspects of the first algorithm have been modified in the second one and how Their interesting equalization properties, like lightness and color constancy, image dynamic stretching, global and local filtering, and data driven dequantization, are qualitatively and quantitatively presented and compared, together with their ability to mimic the human visual system. (C) 2004 SPIE and IST.

关键词： Image filtering Visualization Colorimetry algorithm development Mercury Reflectivity RGB color model Digital imaging Image enhancement Optical filters

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Block-matching algorithm based on dynamic adjustment of search window for low bit-rate video coding

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 1998年第3期7卷 571-577页

作者： Oh, HS Lee, HK Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol Dept Comp Sci Taejon 305701 South Korea

A dynamic search window adjustment for block-matching algorithm (BMA) based on the block similarity is presented to reduce the computational complexity of full search BMA. The adjustment of the size of the search window is performed in three steps: (1) set a new search origin based on the block similarity and the displaced block difference (DBD), (2) adjust the size of search window in inverse proportion to block similarity, and (3) update the thresholds for accommodation to a given image sequence. The technique can be easily applied to full search BMA and several fast search algorithms to get more efficiency and to reduce a possibility of falling into a local minimum. Experimental results show that the proposed technique has a good MSE performance and reduces the number of search points substantially. (C) 1998 SPIE and IS&T. [S1017-9909(98)02303-4].

关键词： Video Image segmentation Video coding Image processing algorithms and systems Distortion algorithm development Motion estimation Computer science Computer simulations

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Developing MSA algorithm by New Fitness-Distance-Balance Selection Method to Optimize Cascade Hydropower Reservoirs Operation

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WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2021年第1期35卷 385-406页

作者： Sharifi, Mohammad Reza Akbarifard, Saeid Qaderi, Kourosh Madadi, Mohamad Reza Shahid Chamran Univ Ahvaz Fac Water & Environm Engn Dept Hydrol & Water Resources Ahvaz Iran Shahid Chamran Univ Ahvaz Fac Water & Environm Engn Dept Hydrol & Water Resources Water Resources Engn Ahvaz Iran Shahid Bahonar Univ Kerman Dept Water Engn Fac Agr Kerman Iran Univ Jiroft Dept Water Engn Fac Agr Jiroft Iran

Optimal operation of cascade hydropower reservoirs is a complex high-dimensional engineering problem. Developing an appropriate model to solve such problems requires an efficient search method proportional to the dimensions of the problem. Accordingly, this research employed the new fitness-distance-balance (FDB) selection method in the moth swarm algorithm (MSA) to achieve promoted FDB-MSA with a high performance in solving complex large-scale problems. To ensure the efficiency of the developed algorithm, five benchmark functions of Shekel, Six-Hump Camel, McCormick, Goldstein-Price and Rosenbrock were used. Then, the FDB-MSA was used for optimization of hydropower generation of a real five-reservoir system along Karun River at Iran. This is the largest cascade reservoir system in Iran, which supplies more than 90% of the country's hydropower demand. The results of the developed algorithm were compared with those of genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. It was found that the FDB-MSA could successfully increase the hydropower generation by 59.5% (6724 GW) compared to the actual generation of energy over a 180-months operational period. The corresponding values for PSO and GA algorithms were 54.3% and 9.2% respectively. In addition, the results revealed the superiority of FDB-MSA to GA and PSO, so that, it demonstrated the smallest difference (3.41%) between nominal and optimal power generation compared to the PSO (6.58%) and GA (33.89%).

关键词： Selection methods algorithm development Renewable energy Consecutive dams Real case study

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Sensitivity analysis of different sensing strategies for electrical impedance imaging of two-phase flows

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2001年第3期10卷 641-645页

作者： Figueroa, TP Seleghim, P Univ Sao Paulo Escola Engn Sao Carlos Dept Engn Mecan Nucleo Engn Term & Fluidos BR-13566590 Sao Carlos SP Brazil

Due to practical considerations, electrical fields and other soft field sensing techniques are convenient to use in process tomography applications. However, most of the reconstruction algorithms were first developed for hard sensing fields that approximate soft fields only in the situation of low electrical contrast. A less restrictive reconstruction method can be developed by refining the qualitative images of a direct imaging probe, but the boundary measurements must be sensitive to changes in the distribution of the electrical properties of the flow. This paper addresses the issue and presents a sensitivity analysis of different excitation strategies and their applicability in a reconstruction algorithm such as described above. Results confirm that classical excitation strategies suffer from a major lack of sensitivity and that new ones must be developed, possibly based on the optimization of the excitation profiles or on multisensing techniques. (C) 2001 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Electrodes Tomography Numerical simulations Analytical research Reconstruction algorithms Standards development algorithm development Automatic control Image processing Surface plasmons

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Automatic call number localization in color book images

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2005年第4期14卷 043017.1-043017.6页

作者： Hu, XF Zhou, Y Ye, QT Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Mech Engn Shanghai 200030 Peoples R China

An algorithm for automatic localization of call numbers embedded in book images is proposed. The algorithm first detects potential character pixels by computing the difference and the position relation between the maximum and minimum gradient in a local window. These pixels are combined to form connected components ( CCs). Then, CC-based filtering based on the geometry and shape information is performed to eliminate some nontext components, and the retained components are grouped into text lines candidates. Finally, the call number is selected from the text candidates by using a multilayer perceptron ( MLP) classifier. Tests are performed on a set of the images acquired under the different conditions, and experimental results prove that the proposed method is effective. (c) 2005 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Image segmentation Video Feature extraction Image filtering algorithm development Image processing Chromium Detection and tracking algorithms Neural networks RGB color model

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RECOGNITION OF A LOW-RESOLUTION DOCUMENT CONSISTING OF KOREAN AND ENGLISH CHARACTERS

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 1995年第2期4卷 161-171页

作者： HAM, YK DOH, SY CHUNG, HK KIM, WS PARK, RH Sogang Univ. (South Korea)

We propose an efficient algorithm that recognizes handwritten Korean and English characters in a low-resolution document. For a user-friendly input system for low-resolution documents consisting of two different sets of characters obtained by a facsimile or scanner, we propose a document-recognition algorithm utilizing several effective features (partial projection, the number of cross points, and distance features) and the membership function of the fuzzy set theory. Via computer simulation with several test documents, we show the effectiveness of the proposed recognition algorithm for both printed and handwritten and Korean and English characters in a low-resolution document.

关键词： Detection and tracking algorithms Optical character recognition Fuzzy logic Visualization Scanners Evolutionary algorithms Binary data algorithm development Distortion Head

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