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Find that leak [digital signal processing approach]

IEE Review 1999年第5期45卷 219-221页

作者： J. Golby T. Woodward CRL's DSP Group CRL Hayes Middlesex Thames Water's Research and Technology Group Reading

Digital signal processing can help cut losses from leaking water mains. The authors explain how one new development, sponsored by Thames Water, is helping it in the battle to locate leaks more quickly and reliably. From the outset their aim was to develop a 'virtual' instrument approach based on a standard personal computer (PC). In this way, as the knowledge base increases and further improvements are made, software upgrades can be implemented on the same hardware platform. The use of a standard commercially available sound card fits in with this approach. In practice the software development proceeded in two main stages: an initial programme of algorithm development, followed by real-time algorithm implementation and graphical user interface (GUI).

关键词： digital signal processing graphical user interface microcomputer applications virtual instrument Software engineering techniques software development Digital signal processing leak location water supply standard commercially available sound card Computerised instrumentation signal processing equipment Public utilities Graphical user interfaces leaking water mains software engineering algorithm development graphical user interfaces real-time algorithm implementation PC Signal processing and conditioning equipment and techniques Thames Water personal computer hardware platform Signal processing and detection acoustic signal processing GUI software upgrades

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Adaptive smoothing algorithms for MBIR in CT applications 15

Adaptive smoothing algorithms for MBIR in CT applications

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15th International Meeting on Fully Three-Dimensional Image Reconstruction in Radiology and Nuclear Medicine

作者： Xu, Jingyan Noo, Frederic Johns Hopkins Univ Baltimore MD 21218 USA Univ Utah Salt Lake City UT USA

ISBN: (数字)9781510628380

ISBN: (纸本)9781510628380

Many model based image reconstruction (MBIR) methods for x-ray CT are formulated as convex minimization problems. If the objective function is nonsmooth. primal-dual algorithms are applicable with the drawback that there is an increased memory cost due to the dual variables. Some algorithms recently developed for large-scale nonsmooth convex programs use adaptive smoothing techniques and are of the primal type. That is, they achieve convergence without introducing the dual variables, hence without the increased memory. We discuss one such algorithm with an O(1/k) convergence rate, where k is the iteration number. We then present an extension of it to handle strong convex objective functions. This new algorithm has the optimal convergence rate of O(1/k(2)) for its problem class. Our preliminary numerical studies demonstrate competitive performance with respect to an alternative method.

关键词： Reconstruction algorithms algorithm development Image restoration Computer programming Control systems CT reconstruction Performance modeling computer programming Reconstruction algorithm image restoration technique control systems computer programs PERFORMANCE MODELING smoothing Objective function X-Ray Computed Tomography Converge Convexity algorithms

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Analysing the meta-interaction between pathways by gene set topological impact analysis

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BMC GENOMICS 2020年第1期21卷 748-748页

作者： Yan, Shen Chi, Xu Chang, Xiao Tian, Mengliang Sichuan Agr Univ Coll Agron Chengdu 611130 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Beijing Inst Genom Beijing 101300 Peoples R China China Natl Ctr Bioinformat Beijing 101300 Peoples R China Capital Med Univ Xuanwu Hosp Dept Dermatol & Venereal Dis Beijing 100053 Peoples R China

BackgroundPathway analysis is widely applied in transcriptome analysis. Given certain transcriptomic changes, current pathway analysis tools tend to search for the most impacted pathways, which provides insight into underlying biological mechanisms. Further refining of the enriched pathways and extracting functional modules by "crosstalk" analysis have been proposed. However, the upstream/downstream relationships between the modules, which may provide extra biological insights such as the coordination of different functional modules and the signal transduction flow have been *** quantitatively analyse the upstream/downstream relationships between functional modules, we developed a novel GEne Set Topological Impact Analysis (GESTIA), which could be used to assemble the enriched pathways and functional modules into a super-module with a topological structure. We showed the advantages of this analysis in the exploration of extra biological insight in addition to the individual enriched pathways and functional *** can be applied to a broad range of pathway/module analysis result. We hope that GESTIA may help researchers to get one additional step closer to understanding the molecular mechanism from the pathway/module analysis results.

关键词： Topological pathway analysis algorithm development Functional module

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Manual physical balance assistance of therapists during gait training of stroke survivors: characteristics and predicting the timing

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JOURNAL OF NEUROENGINEERING AND REHABILITATION 2017年第1期14卷 125-125页

作者： Haarman, Juliet A. M. Maartens, Erik van der Kooij, Herman Buurke, Jaap H. Reenalda, Jasper Rietman, Johan S. Roessingh Res & Dev Roessinghsbleekweg 33b NL-7522 AH Enschede Netherlands Univ Twente Dept Biomech Engn Drienerlolaan 5 NL-7522 NB Enschede Netherlands Roessingh Res & Dev Roessinghsbleekweg 33bPOB 310 NL-7500 AH Enschede Netherlands

Background: During gait training, physical therapists continuously supervise stroke survivors and provide physical support to their pelvis when they judge that the patient is unable to keep his balance. This paper is the first in providing quantitative data about the corrective forces that therapists use during gait training. It is assumed that changes in the acceleration of a patient's COM are a good predictor for therapeutic balance assistance during the training sessions Therefore, this paper provides a method that predicts the timing of therapeutic balance assistance, based on acceleration data of the sacrum. Methods: Eight sub-acute stroke survivors and seven therapists were included in this study. Patients were asked to perform straight line walking as well as slalom walking in a conventional training setting. Acceleration of the sacrum was captured by an Inertial Magnetic Measurement Unit. Balance-assisting corrective forces applied by the therapist were collected from two force sensors positioned on both sides of the patient's hips. Measures to characterize the therapeutic balance assistance were the amount of force, duration, impulse and the anatomical plane in which the assistance took place. Based on the acceleration data of the sacrum, an algorithm was developed to predict therapeutic balance assistance. To validate the developed algorithm, the predicted events of balance assistance by the algorithm were compared with the actual provided therapeutic assistance. Results: The algorithm was able to predict the actual therapeutic assistance with a Positive Predictive Value of 87% and a True Positive Rate of 81%. Assistance mainly took place over the medio-lateral axis and corrective forces of about 2% of the patient's body weight (15.9 N (11), median (IQR)) were provided by therapists in this plane. Median duration of balance assistance was 1.1 s (0.6) (median (IQR)) and median impulse was 9.4Ns (8.2) (median (IQR)). Although therapists were specifically ins

关键词： Stroke rehabilitation Gait training Technical requirements Balance-assisting characteristics algorithm development Behavior prediction Correction forces

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Estimation algorithm for chlorophyll-a concentrations in water from hyperspectral images based on feature derivation and ensemble learning

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ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS 2022年第0期71卷

作者： Zhang, Jiawei Fu, Pingjie Meng, Fei Yang, Xinyue Xu, Jie Cui, Yu Shandong Univ Sci & Technol Coll Geodesy & Geomat Qingdao 266590 Peoples R China Shandong Jianzhu Univ Sch Surveying & Geoinformat Jinan 250101 Peoples R China

Multicollinearity between feature bands is one of the main interferences in the process of retrieving chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration in water bodies from hyperspectral data. Meanwhile, the model capability is also a decisive factor for inversion accuracy. To eliminate multicollinearity between feature bands and enhance data-driven of the retrieve of Chl-a concentration, this study proposed a feature bands selection strategy (FD-FI) based on knee-point-detection and variance inflation factor (VIF). Then, to realize model-driven, nine machine learning algorithms are combined to construct a MixModel, which was compared with other models. Chl-a concentration in Nansi Lake was estimated using "Zhuhai-No.1" remote sensing images and field measured data. The results show that the FD-FI strategy can effectively eliminate multicollinearity between bands or band combinations (VIF < 7). Using the same model, the strategy proposed in this study has a higher accuracy than existing strategies. In the five-fold cross-validation, XGBoost(FD-FI) obtained the best performance with Coefficient of Determinatio (R-2) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.8351 and 6.6477 mu g/L. In addition, combined with MixModel, the FD-FI strategy further improves the accuracy of Chl-a retrieval with R-2 = 0.8664 and RMSE = 5.7926 mu g/L. When the model was applied to remote sensing images, the Chl-a spatial distribution obtained by the FD-FI strategy on the four models was the most consistent. MixModel is more sensitive to very high and low Chl-a concentrations, and its generalisation is more stable. Overall, this study provides an innovative approach for the selection of feature bands and model construction for Chl-a retrieval from inland lakes.

关键词： Water quality Chlorophyll-a Hyperspectral Machine learning algorithm development

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Understanding and Implementing the Finite Element Method

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丛书名： Other Titles in Applied Mathematics

2006年

作者： Mark S. Gockenbach

ISBN: (数字)9780898717846

ISBN: (纸本)9780898716146

The finite element method is the most powerful general-purpose technique for computing accurate solutions to partial differential equations. This book contains a thorough derivation of the finite element equations as well as sections on programming the necessary calculations, solving the finite element equations, and using a posteriori error estimates to produce validated solutions. Accessible introductions to advanced topics, such as multigrid solvers, the hierarchical basis conjugate gradient method, and adaptive mesh generation, are provided. Each chapter ends with exercises to help readers master these topics. The book is practical in nature. It includes a carefully documented collection of MATLAB programs implementing the ideas presented. Readers will benefit from a detailed explanation of data structures and specific coding strategies and will learn how to write a finite element code from scratch. Students can use the MATLAB codes to experiment with the method and extend them in various ways.

关键词： Partial differential equations inverse problems numerical analysis (theory) computational mathematics scientific computing parallel computing algorithm development

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An image synthesizer 85

An image synthesizer

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Proceedings of the 12th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques

作者： Ken Perlin Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York University

ISBN: (纸本)9780897911665

We introduce the concept of a Pixel Stream Editor. This forms the basis for an interactive synthesizer for designing highly realistic Computer Generated Imagery. The designer works in an interactive Very High Level programming environment which provides a very fast concept/implement/view iteration *** visual complexity is built up by composition of non-linear functions, as opposed to the more conventional texture mapping or growth model algorithms. Powerful primitives are included for creating controlled stochastic effects. We introduce the concept of "solid texture" to the field of *** have used this system to create very convincing representations of clouds, fire, water, stars, marble, wood, rock, soap films and crystal. The algorithms created with this paradigm are generally extremely fast, highly realistic, and asynchronously parallelizable at the pixel level.

关键词： algorithm development

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Alternatives to the traditional first course in computing 81

Alternatives to the traditional first course in computing

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Proceedings of the twelfth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education

作者： John G. Meinke John A. Beidler Department of Math/Computer Science University of Scranton Scranton PA

ISBN: (纸本)9780897910361

The first course in Computer Science at the University of Scranton has evolved over a number of years as a course in problem solving utilizing the computer. Bearing in mind that such a course should provide relatively standard programming tools, the course uses a structured derivative of FORTRAN promoting top-down stepwise refinement in programming methodology as well as encourages the utilization of “packaged programs”. We now have a course that provides a solid foundation for computer science majors as well as offers an excellent introduction to computing to those students for whom the course has a service purpose. This has been accomplished with a minimal faculty at a small university.

关键词： Stepwise refinement algorithm development Top-down design Structured programming

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Quantifying upper limb tremor in people with multiple sclerosis using Fast Fourier Transform based analysis of wrist accelerometer signals

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JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION AND ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGIES ENGINEERING 2021年第8期8卷

作者： Teufl, Stefan Preston, Jenny van Wijck, Frederike Stansfield, Ben Glasgow Caledonian Univ Sch Hlth & Life Sci Glasgow Lanark Scotland Ayrshire Cent Hosp Douglas Grant Rehabil Ctr Irvine Scotland

Introduction Tremor is a disabling symptom of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The development of objective methods of tremor characterisation to assess intervention efficacy and disease progression is therefore important. The possibility of using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method for tremor detection was explored. Methods Acceleration from a wrist-worn device was analysed using FFTs to identify and characterise tremor magnitude and frequency. Processing parameters were explored to provide insight into the optimal algorithm. Participants wore a wrist tri-axial accelerometer during 9 tasks. The FAHN clinical assessment of tremor was used as the reference standard. Results Five people with MS and tremor (57.6 +/- 15.3 years, 3 F/2M) and ten disease-free controls (42.4 +/- 10.9 years, 5 M/5F) took part. Using specific algorithm settings tremor identification was possible (peak frequency 3-15Hz;magnitude greater than 0.06 g;2 s windows with 50% overlap;using 2 of 3 axes of acceleration), giving sensitivity 0.974 and specificity 0.971 (38 tremor occurrences out of 108 tasks, 1 false positive, 2 false negatives). Tremor had frequency 3.5-13.0 Hz and amplitude 0.07-2.60g. Conclusions Upper limb tremor in people with MS can be detected using a FFT approach based on acceleration recorded at the wrist, demonstrating the possibility of using this minimally encumbering technique within clinical practice.

关键词： Multiple sclerosis tremor wrist accelerometer sensor Fast Fourier Transform analysis algorithm development

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Reliable Electronic Structure Calculations for Heavy Element Chemistry: Molecules Containing Actinides, Lanthanides, and Transition Metals

Reliable Electronic Structure Calculations for Heavy Element...

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作者： Ermler, Walter C. Marino, Maria, M. University of Memphis Memphis TN

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