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Interactive simulation and visualization

COMPUTER 1999年第12期32卷 59-+页

作者： Johnson, C Parker, SG Hansen, C Kindlmann, GL Livnat, Y Univ Utah Ctr Sci Comp & Imaging Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA Univ Utah Dept Comp Sci Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA

Most researchers who perform data analysis and visualization do so only after everything else is finished, which often means that they don't discover errors invalidating the results of their simulation until postprocessing. A better approach would be to improve the integration of simulation and visualization into the entire process so that they can make adjustments along the way. This approach, called computational steering, is the capacity to control all aspects of the computational science pipeline. Recently, several tools and environments for computational steering have begun to emerge. These tools range from those that modify an application's performance characteristics, either by automated means or by user interaction, to those that modify the underlying computational application. A refined problem-solving environment should facilitate everything from algorithm development to application steering. The authors discuss some tools that provide a mechanism to integrate modeling, simulation, data analysis, and visualization.

关键词： algorithm development application performance characteristics application steering computational science computational steering data analysis data analysis data visualisation digital simulation interactive data visualization interactive simulation interactive systems modelling refined problem-solving environment

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Exhaustive sampling of the fragment space associated to a molecule leading to the generation of conserved fragments

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CHEMICAL BIOLOGY & DRUG DESIGN 2018年第3期91卷 655-667页

作者： Heikamp, Kathrin Zuccotto, Fabio Kiczun, Michael Ray, Peter Gilbert, Ian H. Univ Dundee Drug Discovery Unit Div Biol Chem & Drug Discovery Sch Life Sci Dundee Scotland

The first step in hit optimization is the identification of the pharmacophore, which is normally achieved by deconstruction of the hit molecule to generate deletion analogues. In silico fragmentation approaches often focus on the generation of small fragments that do not describe properly the fragment space associated to the deletion analogues. We present significant modifications to the molecular fragmentation programme molBLOCKS, which allows the exhaustive sampling of the fragment space associated with a molecule to generate all possible molecular fragments. This generates larger fragments, by combining the smallest fragments. Additionally, it has been modified to deal with the problem of changing pharmacophoric properties through fragmentation, by highlighting bond cuts. The modified molBLOCKS programme was used on a set of drug compounds, where it generated more unique fragments than standard fragmentation approaches by increasing the number of fragments derived per compound. This fragment set was found to be more diverse than those generated by standard fragmentation programmes and was relevant to drug discovery as it contains the key fragments representing the pharmacophoric elements associated with ligand recognition. The use of dummy atoms to highlight bond cuts further increases the information content of fragments by visualizing their previous bonding pattern.

关键词： algorithm development chemical space analysis fragment based drug discovery molecular fragmentation

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Challenges developing evidence-based algorithms for the trauma reception and resuscitation project

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INTERNATIONAL EMERGENCY NURSING 2013年第2期21卷 129-135页

作者： Lee, Geraldine A. Murray, Angela Bushnell, Rosie Niggemeyer, Louise E. La Trobe Univ Div Nursing & Midwifery Melbourne Vic Australia Alfred Hlth Alfred Hosp Emergency & Trauma Ctr Trauma Recept & Resuscitat Project Prahran Vic 3181 Australia Alfred Hosp Melbourne Vic 3181 Australia Alfred Hosp Dept Trauma Surg Prahran Vic 3181 Australia

A project based at the Alfred Emergency and Trauma Centre in Melbourne, Australia aimed to standardise trauma resuscitation, documentation and interventions by developing best practice algorithms. The primary study objective was to demonstrate a reduction in management errors using a real-time computer based algorithm (the study group) compared to the control group in an open randomised controlled interventional study. A baseline control group was also used for comparison with usual (current) practice. In order to examine the existing evidence and algorithms in trauma care, nine teams of emergency nurses and doctors were formed. Specific literature searches performed by each team revealed a paucity of evidence supporting clinical practice in the trauma setting for procedures. Subsequently, the multidisciplinary teams worked together and developed algorithms based on best practice. The process revealed three main areas of challenges in the development of algorithms: (i) clinical, (ii) research and (iii) nursing challenges. The completion of the project demonstrated benefits in the real-time computer based algorithm with a reduction in the error rate per patient from the baseline control group to the intervention study group (2.30 vs. 2.13, p = 0.04) and error-free resuscitations increasing from 16% to 21.8% (p = .049). This project supported the implementation of a real-time computer based algorithm system with improved protocol compliance and reduced errors and morbidity. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： algorithm development Evidence-based practice Trauma resuscitation

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algorithm developed for dynamic quantification of coal consumption for and emission from rural winter heating

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SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020年 737卷 139762-139762页

作者： Zhang, Yuzhe Zhi, Guorui Guo, Sicong Jin, Wenjing Wang, Lei Du, Jinhong Cheng, Miaomiao Xue, Zhigang Xu, Yisheng Shi, Rong Lu, Yajing Dang, Hongyan Yang, Wen Zhang, Peng Zhang, Baojun Wu, Jianjun Shi, Zhihai Liu, Bin Zhang, Yi Gu, Xiaotian Liu, Na Gu, Tao Zhu, Yinhua Liu, Cheng Dong, Hui Li, Shuyuan Chinese Res Inst Environm Sci State Key Lab Environm Criteria & Risk Assessment Beijing 100012 Peoples R China China Univ Petr Coll Sci Beijing 102249 Peoples R China Taiyuan Univ Technol Coll Chem & Chem Engn Taiyuan 030024 Peoples R China Ocean Univ China Coll Informat Sci & Engn Qingdao 266100 Peoples R China Hebei Prov Acad Ecol Environm Sci Shijiazhuang 050037 Hebei Peoples R China Qingdao Agr Univ Coll Mech & Elect Engn Qingdao 266109 Peoples R China Tangshan Inst Environm Planning Sci Tangshan 063000 Peoples R China Tangshan Bur Ecol & Environm Dept Atmospher Environm Tangshan 301501 Peoples R China Tangshan Bur Ecol & Environm Hangu Adm Zone Branch Tangshan 301501 Peoples R China Peoples Govt Hanfeng Town Tangshan 301501 Peoples R China Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture Environm Monito Changji 831100 Peoples R China Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture Bur Ecol & Envi Fukang Branch Changji 831500 Peoples R China Changji Santun River Basin Management Div Changji 831100 Peoples R China

Coal-dominated winter heating practices in China are largely accepted to be a leading cause of winter haze in the region though the amount of coal for heating is actually much lower than for power generation or industrial process. However, little is known about how the total rural coal weight in a region could be attributed to real time (e.g., daily) patterns, limiting the understanding of dynamic impacts of coal emissions and the adoption of timely measures against predicted haze. Considering that winter heating essentially protects against cold temperatures, coal burning strength may be related to the temperatures that people experience. A field study was organized to test the validity of this hypothesis. A system was designed to continuously monitor every instance of coal addition, and coal consumption on any given day for a whole village (W-DAY) was calculated by summating all the additions. Meanwhile, a new term, composite temperature (T-COM), which incorporates a few weather-related elements, was introduced to represent cold temperatures that individuals experience. It was found that W-DAY and T-COM presented opposite variations, and a negative linear correlation was observed (W-DAY=-0.75T(COM) + 11.86, R-2 = 0.75), revealing the feasibility of estimating coal consumption on a certain day (W-DAY) based on weather data (T-COM) for a given village. An extensive form of the algorithm for any area of interest (e.g., a district, city, or province) can be expressed as W-DAY=(-0.75T(COM) + 11.86)center dot N-H/834, where N-H denotes the number of households in a region. This algorithm reflects the essence of winter heating (to resist cold temperatures), and therefore its logic is highly likely to be useful for any countries of the world regardless of what forms of energy used (coal or other energy forms) provided the energy involved is unexceptionally used for winter heating, though there may be some uncertainties in estimated coal consumption due to multiple factors

关键词： Rural coal heating Coal consumption Real time quantification algorithm development Field study

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Font clustering and cluster identification in document images

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2001年第2期10卷 418-430页

作者： Öztürk, S Sankur, B Abak, AT Bogazici Univ Dept Elect Elect Engn TR-80815 Bebek Turkey Marmara Res Ctr Informat Technol Res Inst Gebze Kocaeli Turkey

In this work clustering and recognition problem of fonts in document images is addressed. Various font features and their clustering behavior are investigated. Font clustering is implemented both from shape similarity or from OCR performance points of view. A font recognition algorithm is developed that can identify the font group or the individual font from which a text was created. (C) 2001 SPIE and IS&T.

关键词： Optical character recognition Raster graphics Detection and tracking algorithms algorithm development Feature extraction Binary data Image segmentation Databases Distance measurement Distortion

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An improved algorithm for the detection of plumes caused by natural or technological hazards using AVHRR imagery

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REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT 2007年第4期108卷 393-406页

作者： Chrysoulakis, N. Herlin, I. Prastacos, P. Yahia, H. Grazzini, J. Cartalis, C. Fdn Res & Technol Hellas Inst Appl & Computat Math Vassilika VoutonPOB 1358 Iraklion 71110 Crete Greece INRIA Rocquencourt Inst Natl Rech Informat & Automat F-78153 Le Chesnay France European Commiss DG Joint Res Ctr Inst Environm & Sustainabil Spatial Data Infrastruct Unit I-21020 Ispra VA Italy Univ Athens Dept Phys GR-15784 Athens Greece

Fires caused by natural or technological disasters emit large amounts of smoke which, once formed into plumes, may affect the human health and the environment. Satellite remote sensing data provide an effective tool to achieve detection and monitoring of these plumes over large areas on a routine basis. Discrimination of plumes on satellite images is a prerequisite to study and retrieve physical, chemical and optical properties of emitted smoke. An improved algorithm for the detection of plumes caused by natural or technological hazards using AVHRR imagery is presented in this study. The method is based on a multi-temporal and multi-spectral change detection algorithm. It is performed in two main steps: a) appropriate spectral and spatial filters are applied on the images acquired before and after a fire event in visible and near-infrared ranges in order to extract the core of the plume;b) a criterion on spectral information is defined as an homogeneity measure that enables, through a modified version of the region-growing method, the spatial expansion of the detected core to include the complete area covered by the plume. Through this approach, a pixel is identified as a plume pixel if it is "close" to the core plume pixels in both spatial and spectral spaces. The algorithm was developed and calibrated using AVHRR images acquired over Spain before and during a major forest fire event on July 16, 2005. It was applied using past events of natural and technological hazards in several locations to ensure its global applicability and robustness. The algorithm produced accurate results in all cases of plumes, either in natural or in technological fire events. Three application cases are presented in this study: A major fire in an industrial installation in London (December 11, 2005), a major fire in Baghdad during the recent war in Iraq (April 1, 2003) and a forest fire in California (September 29, 2005). (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： plume detection and monitoring algorithm development natural hazards technological accidents changed detection region growing

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Special Section Guest Editorial: Representation Learning and Big Data Analytics for Remote Sensing

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JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING 2020年第3期14卷

作者： Liu, Weifeng Zhou, Yicong Panetta, Karen Agaian, Sos China Univ Petr East China Coll Control Sci & Engn Qingdao Shandong Peoples R China Univ Macau Dept Comp & Informat Sci Macau Peoples R China Tufts Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Medford MA 02155 USA CUNY Coll Staten Isl New York NY 10021 USA

This guest editorial introduces the Special Section on Representation Learning and Big Data Analytics for Remote Sensing.

关键词： Remote sensing Analytics algorithm development Image classification Image segmentation Hyperspectral imaging Dimension reduction Earth observing sensors Feature extraction Neural networks

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Adaptive motion-compensated video coding scheme towards content-based bit rate allocation

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2000年第4期9卷 521-533页

作者： Fan, JP Yau, DKY Aref, WG Rezgui, A Purdue Univ Dept Comp Sci W Lafayette IN 47907 USA

An adaptive motion-compensated video coding scheme, that is based on structural video component segmentation and coding complexity analysis, is proposed in this paper. The bits are allocated more efficiently among different frame types and variant video components. A novel scene cut detection algorithm is proposed for partitioning the input video sequences into a set of shots and each shot may be encoded as one or multiple GOPs according to its length. Moreover, the positions of the reference frames (I and P frames) in a video shot are adapted to improve the temporal predictability among frames and provide high coding efficiency, thus high picture quality with the same bit rate. More bits are allocated for these reference frames for providing high quality of the reconstructed pictures. The residue frames in a video shot are encoded as the bidirectional interpolation frames (B frames) and can be also quantized more coarsely because they have high temporal predictability and are not used as references. The bits, that have been allocated for the three different frame types (I, P, B frames), can be further distributed more efficiently among variant video components to avoid the coding artifacts. Experimental results show that this proposed adaptive video coding scheme is more efficient than the traditional fixed GOP coding algorithms and may be an efficient development of the present adaptive coding techniques. (C) 2000 SPIE and IS&T. [S1017-9909(00)00504-3].

关键词： Video Video coding Cameras Image segmentation algorithm development Quantization Detection and tracking algorithms Visual system Computer programming Signal to noise ratio

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To the Problem of Adaptive Guaranteed Estimation

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2018年第32期51卷 717-722页

作者： Khadanovich, Dina V. Shiryaev, Vladimir I. Chelyabinsk Russia Chelyabinsk Russia

The article deals with linear dynamical system state estimation problem under uncertainty when disturbance and measurement error statistics are unknown but the sets of their possible values are available. The approach to adaptive algorithm development of guaranteed estimation is proposed. The approach is based on the processing of innovation sequence values in the Kalman filter under conditions of a small number of available measurements. The Kalman filter implementation is performed for measurement data preprocessing the result of which is the mathematical model development and refining the estimates of unknown measurement errors. © 2018

关键词： Kalman filters Adaptive algorithms Adaptive filtering Adaptive filters Dynamical systems Error statistics Estimation Forecasting Linear control systems Mathematical models Measurement errors Uncertainty analysis algorithm development Estimation algorithm Estimation problem Guaranteed estimation Innovation sequence Linear dynamical systems Measurement data Measurement Noise

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A simplified urban-extent algorithm to characterize surface urban heat islands on a global scale and examine vegetation control on their spatiotemporal variability

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION 2019年 74卷 269-280页

作者： Chakraborty, T. Lee, X. Yale Univ Sch Forestry & Environm Studies New Haven CT 06520 USA

We develop a new algorithm, the simplified urban-extent (SUE) algorithm, to estimate the surface urban heat island (UHI) intensity at a global scale. We implement the SUE algorithm on the Google Earth Engine platform using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images to calculate the UHI intensity for over 9500 urban clusters using over 15 years of data, making this one of the most comprehensive characterizations of the surface UHI to date. The results from this algorithm are validated against previous multi-city studies to demonstrate the suitability of the method. The dataset created is then filtered for elevation differentials and percentage of urban area and used to estimate the diurnal, monthly, and long-term variability in the surface UHI in different climate zones. The global mean surface UHI intensity is 0.85 degrees C during daytime and 0.55 degrees C at night. Cities in arid climate show distinct diurnal and seasonal patterns, with higher surface UHI during nighttime (compared to daytime) and two peaks throughout the year. The diurnal variability in surface UHI is highest for equatorial climate zone (0.88 degrees C) and lowest for arid zone (0.53 degrees C). The seasonality is highest in the snow climate zone and lowest for equatorial climate zone. While investigating the change in the surface UHI over a decade and a half, we find a consistent increase in the daytime surface UHI in the urban clusters of the warm temperate climate zone (0.04 degrees C/decade) and snow climate zone (0.05 degrees C/decade). Only arid climate zones show a statistically significant increase in the nighttime surface UHI intensity (0.03 degrees C/decade). Globally, the change is mainly seen during the daytime (0.03 degrees C/decade). Finally, the importance of vegetation differential between urban and rural areas on the spatiotemporal variability is examined. Vegetation has a strong control on the seasonal variability of the surface UHI and may also partly control

关键词： Urban heat island Urban climate Global study Remote sensing MODIS algorithm development

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