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Special Section Guest Editorial: LUNGx Challenge for computerized lung nodule classification: Reflections and lessons learned

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Journal of Medical Imaging 2015年第2期2卷

作者： Armato, Samuel G. Hadjiiski, Lubomir Tourassi, Georgia D. Drukker, Karen Giger, Maryellen L. Li, Feng Redmond, George Farahani, Keyvan Kirby, Justin S. Clarke, Laurence P. University of Chicago Department of Radiology MC 2026 5841 S. Maryland Avenue ChicagoIL60637 United States University of Michigan Department of Radiology 1500 E. Medical Center Drive Ann ArborMI48109 United States Biomedical Science and Engineering Center Health Data Sciences Institute Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis Cancer Imaging Program 9609 Medical Center Drive BethesdaMD20892 United States Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Leidos Biomedical Research Inc Cancer Imaging Program FrederickMD21702 United States

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Artificial Intelligence in Radiology: Some Ethical Considerations for Radiologists and algorithm Developers

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ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY 2020年第1期27卷 127-129页

作者： Mazurowski, Maciej A. Departments of Radiology Electrical and Computer Engineering and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Duke University 2424 Erwin Rd Durham NC 27707

As artificial intelligence (Al) is finding its place in radiology, it is important to consider how to guide the research and clinical implementation in a way that will be most beneficial to patients. Although there are multiple aspects of this issue, I consider a specific one: a potential misalignment of the self-interests of radiologists and Al developers with the best interests of the patients. Radiologists know that supporting research into Al and advocating for its adoption in clinical settings could diminish their employment opportunities and reduce respect for their profession. This provides an incentive to oppose Al in various ways. Al developers have an incentive to hype their discoveries to gain attention. This could provide short-term personal gains, however, it could also create a distrust toward the field if it became apparent that the state of the art was far from where it was promised to be. The future research and clinical implementation of Al in radiology will be partially determined by radiologist and Al researchers. Therefore, it is very important that we recognize our own personal motivations and biases and act responsibly to ensure the highest benefit of the Al transformation to the patients.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Machine learning Ethics algorithm development

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Enhanced family history-based algorithms increase the identification of individuals meeting criteria for genetic testing of hereditary cancer syndromes but would not reduce disparities on their own

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JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS 2024年 149卷 104568页

作者： Bradshaw, Richard L. Kawamoto, Kensaku Bather, Jemar R. Goodman, Melody S. Kohlmann, Wendy K. Chavez-Yenter, Daniel Volkmar, Molly Monahan, Rachel Kaphingst, Kimberly A. Del Fiol, Guilherme Univ Utah Dept Biomed Informat Salt Lake City UT USA Univ Utah Hlth Salt Lake City UT USA Univ Utah Dept Populat Hlth Sci Salt Lake City UT USA Univ Utah Huntsman Canc Inst Salt Lake City UT USA Univ Utah Dept Commun Salt Lake City UT USA New York Univ Sch Global Publ Hlth Dept Biostat New York NY USA New York Univ Ctr Antiracism Social Justice & Publ Hlth Sch Global Publ Hlth New York NY USA New York Univ Langone Hlth New York NY USA 421 Wakara Way Suite 140 Salt Lake City UT 84108 USA

Objective: This study aimed to 1) investigate algorithm enhancements for identifying patients eligible for genetic testing of hereditary cancer syndromes using family history data from electronic health records (EHRs);and 2) assess their impact on relative differences across sex, race, ethnicity, and language *** and Methods: The study used EHR data from a tertiary academic medical center. A baseline rule-base algorithm, relying on structured family history data (structured data;SD), was enhanced using a natural language processing (NLP) component and a relaxed criteria algorithm (partial match [PM]). The identification rates and differences were analyzed considering sex, race, ethnicity, and language ***: Among 120,007 patients aged 25-60, detection rate differences were found across all groups using the SD (all P < 0.001). Both enhancements increased identification rates;NLP led to a 1.9 % increase and the relaxed criteria algorithm (PM) led to an 18.5 % increase (both P < 0.001). Combining SD with NLP and PM yielded a 20.4 % increase (P < 0.001). Similar increases were observed within subgroups. Relative differences persisted across most categories for the enhanced algorithms, with disproportionately higher identification of patients who are White, Female, non-Hispanic, and whose preferred language is ***: algorithm enhancements increased identification rates for patients eligible for genetic testing of hereditary cancer syndromes, regardless of sex, race, ethnicity, and language preference. However, differences in identification rates persisted, emphasizing the need for additional strategies to reduce disparities such as addressing underlying biases in EHR family health information and selectively applying algorithm enhancements for disadvantaged populations. Systematic assessment of differences in algorithm performance across population subgroups should be incorporated into algorithm development processes.

关键词： Electronic health records Healthcare disparities algorithm development Genetic testing Hereditary cancer syndromes

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Randomized method for planar motion detection

Randomized method for planar motion detection

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Conference on Vision Geometry V

作者： Fermin, I Imiya, A Ichikawa, A CHIBA UNIV DEPT COMP INFORMAT & COGNIT SCIINAGE KUCHIBA 263JAPAN

ISBN: (纸本)0819422142

In this paper, we propose a randomized algorithm to estimate the planar motion parameters of a finite closed set. By randomly searching points on two shapes measured at different times, we determine the centroids and translation of the planar shapes. Taking these centroids as reference points, the algorithm proceeds to determine the point-to- point correspondences by randomly searching three points on each shape that form congruent triangles. After the point correspondences have been determined, the rotation is estimated by solving the rigid motion equation.

关键词： Motion estimation Motion detection Optical flow Detection and tracking algorithms Hough transforms Time metrology algorithm development Computer vision technology Machine vision Iris recognition

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Discrimination, tracking, and recognition of small and fast moving objects

Discrimination, tracking, and recognition of small and fast ...

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12th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition

作者： Wei, J Gertner, I CUNY City Coll Dept Comp Sci New York NY 10031 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819444766

In military applications it is of utmost importance to detect and identify targets from Infra-Red (M) sequences. Usually the targets of interest are of small size and moving with great velocity. In addition, the IR sequences are extremely noisy due to rampant systemic noise incurred by the sensing instrument and the noise from the environment. In this paper, we developed a method which can effectively detect and identify the targets of interest from the noisy IR sequences using the manipulation of both the temporal, spectral, and spatial bandpass filtering. With this method, first a bandpass filtering in the spectral domain is conducted in order to remove noises, especially the systemic ones. Next the candidate target locations are declared through a spectral bandpassing from the temporal pixel process, where by taking advantage of the fact that the targets of interest are fast moving the background and random noises are largely removed. The estimated targets of interest for each IR frame are further refined after a post-processing in the spatial domain. The final targets of interest are then declared after a consistency check-up across adjacent IR frames by use of an adaptive Hough transform. Experimental results based on this proposed method have suggested desirable performance.

关键词： Bandpass filters Hough transforms Optical filters Image processing Target detection Sensors algorithm development Filtering (signal processing) Defense technologies Infrared sensors

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BAYESIAN NEURAL-NETWORK ATR FOR MULTIFEATURE SAR

BAYESIAN NEURAL-NETWORK ATR FOR MULTIFEATURE SAR

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Conference on algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery

作者： HILBERT, EE CHANG, CF LORAL DEF SYST ARIZONA LITCHFIELD PKAZ 85340

ISBN: (纸本)0819415340

This paper presents a description of a Bayesian neural network (BNN) automatic target recognition (ATR) algorithm specifically developed to efficiently exploit the correlated relationships between the joint dimensional distribution properties of the multiple features. A multidimensional clustering process is used to define a Parzen estimate which approximates the Bayesian a posteriori decision function, but without limiting constraints regarding multimodal or correlated density function forms in multidimensional feature space. The mathematical derivation is placed in the form of a multilayer neural network, including Kernel function variance adaptation to accommodate small training data sets, and Kernel function tail saturation for robust handling of multidimensional feature data not represented in the training data. The BNN is shown to be a hybrid Bayesian/neural net classifier. It has a robust Bayesian statistical classifier as an initial state, and a feedback learning structure which enables learning corrections localized only to the feature space in the vicinity of the error. In addition, a method is described for integrating scene context information, spatial constraints, and a priori probability information into the BNN classifier. Example uses of the BNN algorithm are discussed for recent programs which obtained multiple feature ATR improvements from using the BNN with multiple frequencies, polarizations, aspect angles, and 3D interferometric SAR features.

关键词： Automatic target recognition Target detection Target recognition Detection and tracking algorithms Neural networks Synthetic aperture radar Error analysis algorithm development Polarization Evolutionary algorithms

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Remote desktop access us a method of learning of programming in distance study

Remote desktop access us a method of learning of programming...

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14th International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning (ICL)/11th International Conference on Virtual-University (VU)

作者： Hubalovsky, Stepan Univ Hradec Kralove Fac Sci Hradec Kralove Czech Republic

ISBN: (纸本)9781457717475

Current trend of systems of virtual learning is development of mobile communications in the technological level, and integration of constructivist approaches to education in the educational level of. Constructivist pedagogy in addition to the benefits of digital communication points to the problem of the virtual learning such as missing forms of social interactions of elements that are common in the real school environment, lack of immediate feedback for students and teachers, and other aspects. The current concept inclined to more general system approach of virtual university, such comprehensive set of digital communication solutions with a focus on education. Virtual university cannot therefore be understood only as a computer system with access to the text and exercises that students complete by ticking presented options. The paper focuses on solution of distance learning course in programming, especially on elimination the problems associated with the practical skill and techniques of structured and object-oriented programming.

关键词： algorithm development programing object-oriented programming distance education remote desktop access

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GPI PSF subtraction with TLOCI: the next evolution in exoplanet/disk high-contrast imaging 4

GPI PSF subtraction with TLOCI: the next evolution in exopla...

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Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems IV

作者： Marois, Christian Correia, Carlos Galicher, Raphael Ingraham, Patrick Macintosh, Bruce Currie, Thayne De Rosa, Rob Natl Res Council Canada Victoria BC V9E 2E7 Canada Univ Porto Ctr Astrophys P-4150762 Oporto Portugal UPMC CNRS Observ Paris LESIA F-92195 Meudon France Denis Diderot Paris 7 F-92195 Meudon France Stanford Univ Stanford CA 94305 USA Univ Toronto Toronto ON M5S 3H4 Canada Arizona State Univ Sch Earth & Space Explorat Tempe AZ 85287 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496164

To directly image exoplanets and faint circumstellar disks, the noisy stellar halo must be suppressed to a high level. To achieve this feat, the angular differential imaging observing technique and the least-squares Locally Optimized Combination of Images (LOCI) algorithm have now become the standard in single band direct imaging observations and data reduction. With the development and commissioning of new high-order high-contrast adaptive optics equipped with integral field units, the image subtraction algorithm needs to be modi fied to allow the optimal use of polychromatic images, field-rotated images and archival data. A new algorithm, TLOCI (for Template LOCI), is designed to achieve this task by maximizing a companion signal-to-noise ratio instead of simply minimizing the noise as in the original LOCI algorithm. The TLOCI technique uses an input spectrum and template Point Spread Functions (PSFs, generated from unocculted and unsaturated stellar images) to optimize the reference image least-squares coefficients to minimize the planet self-subtraction, thus maximizing its throughput per wavelength, while simultaneously providing a maximum suppression of the speckle noise. The new algorithm has been developed using on-sky GPI data and has achieved impressive contrast. This paper presents the TLOCI algorithm, on-sky performance, and will discuss the challenges in recovering the planet spectrum with high fidelity.

关键词： Planets Point spread functions Gemini Planet Imager Speckle Signal to noise ratio Contamination algorithm development Stars Photonic integrated circuits Methane

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Cell Broadband Engine architecture as a DSP platform

Cell Broadband Engine architecture as a DSP platform

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Conference on Photonics Applications in Astronomy, Communications, Industry, and High-Energy Physics Experiments

作者： Szumski, Karol Malanowski, Mateusz Warsaw Univ Technol PL-00665 Warsaw Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9780819478139

The slowing pace of performance improvement in the commonly available processors is a cause of concern amongst many computational scientists. This combined with the ever increasing need for computational power has caused us to turn to alternative architectures in search of performance gains. Two main candidates were the Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) and the Cell Broadband Engine (CELL BE) architecture. This paper focuses on the latter, outlining the architecture and basic programming paradigms, and also contains performance comparison of algorithms currently developed by our team.

关键词： Digital signal processing Computer architecture algorithm development Astronomy Computer programming Current controlled current source Photonics Physics

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Comparative study of ocean wave spectrum using ENVISAT SAR data and wave rider buoy data

Comparative study of ocean wave spectrum using ENVISAT SAR d...

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Conference on Microwave Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Environment V

作者： Pai, Jagadeesha Kumar, Raj Sarkar, Abhijit Hegde, A. Vittal Dwarakish, G. S. ISRO Ctr Space Applicat Ocean Sci Div MOGRESIPA Ahmadabad 380053 Gujarat India Natl Inst Technol Karnataka Dept Appl Mech & Hydraul Surathkal India

ISBN: (纸本)9780819465177

A comparative study of ENVISAT ASAR data and corresponding wave rider buoy data has been attempted. An algorithm has been developed to retrieve Ocean Wave Spectrum from SAR data. The resulting spectrum is compared with the wave rider buoy measured wave spectrum. To compute the 2-D image spectrum from multi-look SAR data, various corrections to the original SAR data has been applied. Thereafter, Modulation Transfer Function has been computed and utilized to convert image spectrum to the Ocean Wave Spectrum. This final ocean wave height spectrum is used to estimate the ocean wave spectral parameters and has been compared with the in-situ measurements and model derived wave spectrum. An attempt has also been made to process the Single Look Complex (SLC) data to reduce the speckle noise in the SAR data using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).

关键词： Synthetic aperture radar Speckle Modulation transfer functions Stanford Linear Collider algorithm development Fourier transforms Image quality standards Wave propagation Data corrections Radar

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