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TONE DETECTION USING WAVELET TRANSFORMS 2

TONE DETECTION USING WAVELET TRANSFORMS

引用

2nd Conference on Wavelet Applications

作者： SHELBY, GA ADHAMI, RZ NICHOLS RES CORP HUNTSVILLEAL 35802

ISBN: (纸本)0819418447

Information regarding the pitch period of a speech signal is an important parameter in designing a speech recognition system for tone based languages such as Chinese. Chinese speech has four fundamental tone types: the tone for a given word is mainly characterized by its vowel section. The four tone types are distinct and can be recognized by examining the tone contour. Researchers have developed several different techniques for speech pitch detection. One recent technique is an event-based pitch detection scheme utilizing the dyadic wavelet transform (DyWT). This pitch detector compares maxima across wavelet scales to locate the beginning of each pitch period. We extend this pitch detection technique to a set of Chinese tone utterances using both the cubic spline wavelet and the Daubechies 4 wavelet. We investigate the impact of applying two preprocessing techniques, center clipping and half wave rectification, as well as several pitch decision logic methods. The DyWT performance is compared to an autocorrelation based pitch detector. The results show that the DyWT pitch detector compares favorably with the autocorrelation pitch detector, and has better performance for some cases. A variety of pitch decision logic techniques improve the DyWT pitch detector performance over the original method.

关键词： Wavelets Sensors Logic Error analysis Detection and tracking algorithms Wavelet transforms Sensor performance algorithm development Signal detection Speech recognition

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A framework for MPLS path setup in uni-directional multicast shared trees

A framework for MPLS path setup in uni-directional multicast...

引用

Conference on Performance, Quality of Service, and Control of Next-Generation Communication Networks II

作者： Matrawy, A Lung, CH Lambadaris, L Carleton Univ Dept Syst & Comp Engn Ottawa ON K1S 5B6 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0819455512

Establishing multicast communications in MPLS-capable networks is an essential requirement for a wide-scale deployment of MPLS in the Internet. This paper outlines a framework for the setup of a MultiPoint-to-MultiPoint (MP2MP) Label Switched Path (LSP) for establishing uni-directional multicast shared trees. The presented framework is intended for multicast applications within a single autonomous domain And can be extended to cover inter-domain multicast sessions. We propose the use of one (or more) control points in the network called Rendez-vous Points (RP) in a manner similar to PIM-SM shared trees. Senders of the multicast session have to register with the RP and establish unicast LSPs with the RP. Receivers who join the session have to send their join requests to the RP which acts as a root (and the sender) of a one-to-many tree by establishing a Point-to-MultiPoint (P2MP) LSP between the RP and the receiver. This. architecture utilizes more than one RP to implement RP failure recovery, to provide load balancing within the domain, and to enable the extension of this framework to multiple domains by establishing LSPs between RPs in different domains. This architecture also has the advantage of using existing MPLS techniques and existing routing protocols and requires only the addition of more management capabilities at the RPs. The paper explains the framework in details and provides an example on how to set the LSP on a given topology. We also refer to some preliminary simulation results testing the scalability of the architecture in comparison with traditional multicast routing.

关键词： Receivers Network architectures Internet Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy Associative arrays Computer architecture Switching algorithm development Standards development Telecommunications

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Advancing the Technology of Monolithic CMOS Detectors for use as X-ray Imaging Spectrometers. 20

Advancing the Technology of Monolithic CMOS Detectors for us...

引用

Conference on UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XX

作者： Kenter, Almus Kraft, Ralph Gauron, Thomas Amato, Stephen Smithsonian Astrophys Observ 60 Garden St Cambridge MA 02138 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781510612525;9781510612518

The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) in collaboration with SRI/Sarnoff has been engaged in a multi year effort to advance the technology of monolithic back-thinned CMOS detectors for use as X-ray imaging spectrometers. The long term goal of this campaign is to produce X-ray Active Pixel Sensor (APS) detectors with Fano limited performance over the 0.1-10keV band while incorporating the many benefits of CMOS technology. These benefits include: low power consumption, radiation "hardness", high levels of integration, and very high read rates. Such devices would be ideal for candidate post 2020 decadal missions such as LYNX and for smaller more immediate applications such as CubeX. Devices from a recent fabrication have been back-thinned, packaged and tested for soft X-ray response. These devices have 16 mu m pitch, 6 Transistor Pinned Photo Diode (6TPPD) pixels with similar to 135 mu V/electron sensitivity and a highly parallel signal chain. These new detectors are fabricated on 10 mu mepitaxial silicon and have a 1k by 1k format. We present details of our camera design and device performance with particular emphasis on those aspects of interest to single photon counting X-ray astronomy. These features include read noise, X-ray spectral response and quantum efficiency. Funding for this work has been provided in large part by NASA Grant NNX09AE86G and a grant from the Betty and Gordon Moore Foundation.

关键词： X-rays X-ray astronomy X-ray imaging Cameras Imaging spectroscopy Sensors Spectrometers algorithm development CMOS sensors X-ray detectors

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RANGE ESTIMATION FROM CAMERA BLUR BY REGULARIZED ADAPTIVE IDENTIFICATION

RANGE ESTIMATION FROM CAMERA BLUR BY REGULARIZED ADAPTIVE ID...

引用

CONF ON APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 1993 : MACHINE VISION AND ROBOTICS ( PREPRINTS )

作者： HOLEVA, LF United Parcel Service Research & Development (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819412007

One of the fundamental problems of machine vision is the estimation of object depth from perceived images. This paper describes both an apparatus and the corresponding algorithms for the passive extraction of object depth. Here passive extraction implies the processing of images acquired using only the existing illumination, in this case uniform white light. Depth from defocus algorithms are extremely sensitive to image variations. Regularization, the application of a priori constraints, is employed to improve the accuracy of the range measurements. When the camera's point spread function is shift invariant, an adaptive algorithm is developed in the frequency domain. When the camera's point spread function is shift varying, an adaptive algorithm is developed in the spatial domain. Data is acquired from line scan cameras. Only a single range measurement or a single depth profile is extracted.

关键词： Cameras Point spread functions Evolutionary algorithms algorithm development Artificial intelligence Digital filtering Calibration Detection and tracking algorithms Optical filters Data acquisition

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Perceptual image similarity experiments 3

Perceptual image similarity experiments

引用

Conference on Human Vision & Electronic Imaging

作者： Rogowitz, BE Frese, T Smith, JR Bouman, CA Kalin, E IBM Corp Thomas J Watson Res Ctr Yorktown Heights NY 10598 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081942739X

In this paper, we study how human observers judge image similarity. To do so, we have conducted two psychophysical scaling experiments and have compared the results to two algorithmic image similarity metrics. For these experiments, we selected a set of 97 digitized photographic images which represent a range of semantic categories, viewing distances, and colors. We then used the two perceptual and the two algorithmic methods to measure the similarity of each image to every other image in the data set, producing four similarity matrices. These matrices were analyzed using multidimensional scaling techniques to gain insight into the dimensions human observers use for judging image similarity, and how these dimensions differ from the results of algorithmic methods. This paper also describes and validates a new technique for collecting similarity judgments which can provide meaningful results with a factor of four fewer judgments, as compared with the paired comparisons method.

关键词： Matrices 3D image processing Image processing Ions Photography Visual process modeling Visualization algorithm development Monte Carlo methods Image retrieval

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EDGES FROM PROJECTIONS 4

EDGES FROM PROJECTIONS

引用

4TH CONF ON NONLINEAR IMAGE PROCESSING

作者： MALIK, R SINHA, P Stevens Institute of Technology (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819411353

A line sketch of a 3-dimensional scene provides important information about objects in the scene and about their spatial relationships. Considerable effort has been reported in the literature describing methods of extracting line sketches from 2-dimensional projected images of scenes. In this paper a projection based approach is described for detecting boundaries in an image having linear segments. This method can be utilized for the recognition of polyhedral objects or for the identification of familiar objects for mobile robot location. The computational performance of this algorithm is greatly enhanced by operating directly on the gray-scale image and by starting with a coarse (low resolution) image and moving successively to higher resolutions at regions of interest (i.e., brightness discontinuities). A complete circular projection of the higher level image is computed and the discontinuities in this projection are located using the derivatives of the projection at fixed angles. Peaks in this function correspond to lines in the original image. A vertex extraction algorithm has been developed to establish the edge extent in the image. These methods have been implemented and tested with real and synthetic images and are believed to be better than methods that use edge enhancement/thresholding and then employ the Hough transform to isolate lines in the image.

关键词： Image segmentation Hough transforms Radon transform Edge detection Image resolution Nonlinear image processing Image enhancement algorithm development Binary data Image processing

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Further developments in addressing depth-variant 3D fluorescence microscopy imaging

Further developments in addressing depth-variant 3D fluoresc...

引用

Conference on Three-Dimensional and Multidimensional Microscopy - Image Acquisition and Processing XXI

作者： Ghosh, Sreya Schaefer, Lutz Schuster, Dietwald Preza, Chrysanthe Univ Memphis Dept Elect & Comp Engn Memphis TN 38152 USA Adv Imaging Methodol Consultat Kitchener ON Canada Regensburg Univ Appl Sci Regensburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780819498625

Three-dimensional (3D) imaging with optical sectioning microscopy uses computational methods to obtain the true fluorescence distribution by ameliorating the effect of defocus, spherical aberration and noise. Inverse algorithms improve image quality at a fraction of the cost of implementing an optical system by accurate modeling of the imaging system. Good inverse imaging algorithms need to be accurate as well as fast. Better understanding of the image formation model is vital to obtain improved restoration through model-based algorithms. Forward imaging models based on a depth-varying point-spread function (DV-PSF) leads to a substantial improvement in the resulting images because it accounts for depth-induced aberrations present in the imaging system. PSFs at every layer can be represented using their principal components. Computation of the forward imaging model using a principal component analysis (PCA) representation of the DV-PSF requires fewer convolutions than a strata based approach investigated in the past. In this paper we present a new algorithm for maximum likelihood image restoration developed based on a PCA representation of the DV-PSF and an accelerated conjugate gradient (CG) iteration scheme. Results obtained with this PCA-CG algorithm from both simulated and experimental fluorescence microscope data are discussed and compared with results obtained from a CG iteration method based on the strata model and linear interpolation of the DV-PSF. The performance of the PCA-CG algorithms is shown to be promising for practical applications.

关键词： Point spread functions Principal component analysis 3D image processing Expectation maximization algorithms 3D modeling Image restoration algorithm development Computer simulations Luminescence Reconstruction algorithms

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SKELETONS AND WATERSHED LINES IN DIGITAL SPACES

SKELETONS AND WATERSHED LINES IN DIGITAL SPACES

引用

CONF ON IMAGE ALGEBRA AND MORPHOLOGICAL IMAGE PROCESSING

作者： MEYER, F Ctr. de Morphologie Mathematiq (France)

ISBN: (纸本)081940411X

The analysis of some topological properties of the skeleton in the continuous plane leads us to propose a definition of the digital skeleton. The framework which is developed permits to define and to construct other related remarkable subsets of sets or functions : minimal skeletons conditional bisectors perceptual graphs watershed lines.

关键词： Image processing Binary data Image segmentation algorithms algorithm development Image analysis Detection and tracking algorithms Lead Mathematical morphology Particles

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BASIC MEASUREMENTS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CONCENTRATIONS OF TRACE GASES FROM EMISSION-SPECTRA 8

BASIC MEASUREMENTS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CONCENTRATIONS O...

引用

8TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY

作者： LINDERMEIR, E DLR-Oberpfoffenhofen and Technische Univ. Muenchen (Germany)

ISBN: (纸本)0819407062

With a Fourier-transform spectrometer, emission spectra of mixtures of gases are measured in the laboratory. These laboratory measurements are performed to simulate measurements of exhaust gases at smoke stacks. The aim of the work is the development of measurement methods and evaluation algorithms to determine the concentrations of the constituents of exhaust gases from remotely measured spectra of the infrared radiation of the plume.

关键词： Gases Spectroscopy Black bodies Temperature metrology algorithm development Infrared radiation Body temperature Calibration Computer simulations Spectral calibration

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A new approach to limited angle tomography using the compressed sensing framework

A new approach to limited angle tomography using the compres...

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Conference on Medical Imaging - Physics of Medical Imaging

作者： Ritschl, Ludwig Bergner, Frank Kachelriess, Marc Univ Erlangen Nurnberg IMP D-91052 Erlangen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780819480231

The limited angle problem is a well-known problem in computed tomography. It is caused by missing data over a certain angle interval, which make an inverse Radon transform impossible. In daily routine this problem can arise for example in tomosynthesis, C-arm CT or dental CT. In the last years there has been a big development in the field of compressed sensing algorithms in computed tomography, which deal very good with incomplete data. The most popular way is to integrate a minimal total variation norm in form of a cost function into the iteration process. To find an exact solution of such a constrained minimization problem, computationally very demanding higher order algorithms should be used. Due to the non perfect sparsity of the total variation representation, reconstructions often show the so called staircase effect. The method proposed here uses the solutions of the iteration process as an estimation for the missing angle data. Compared to a pure compressed sensing-based algorithm we reached much better results within the same number of iterations and could eliminate the staircase effect. The algorithm is evaluated using measured clinical datasets.

关键词： Image segmentation Reconstruction algorithms Image processing algorithms and systems Compressed sensing Computed tomography Data analysis Tomography algorithm development Radon transform Bone

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