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Fast invariant recognition for color 3D images based on Hurwitzon-valued moments and invariants

Fast invariant recognition for color 3D images based on Hurw...

引用

Conference on Wavelet and Independent Component Analysis Applications IX

作者： Labounets, V Labounets-Rundblad, E Astola, J Tampere Univ Technol Tampere Int Ctr Signal Proc FIN-33101 Tampere Finland

ISBN: (纸本)081944488X

There is currently a considerable interest in methods of invariant 3D image recognition. Indeed, very often information about 3D objects can be obtained by computer tomographic reconstruction, 3D magnetic resonance imaging, passive 3D sensors or active range finders. Due to that algorithms of systematic derivation of 3D moment invariants should be developed for 3D colour object recognition. In this work we proposed an elegant theory which allows to describe many such invariants. Our theory is based on the theory of triplet numbers and quaternions. We propose Hurwitzon valued invariants, which are related to the descriptions of objects as the zero sets of implicit polynomials. These are global invariants which show great promise for recognition of complicated objects. Hurwitzon-valued invariants have good discriminating power for computer recognition of 3D colour objects using statistical pattern recognition methods. For fast computation of Hurwitzon-valued invariants we us(, modular arithmetic of Galois fields and rings, which maps calculation of invariants to fast number theoretical Fourior-Galois-Hamilton transform.

关键词： 3D image processing RGB color model Atrial fibrillation Vector spaces algorithm development Colorimetry Quantum efficiency Detection and tracking algorithms Pattern recognition Sensors

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SINGLE-SHOT MEASUREMENT OF THE INTENSITY AND PHASE OF A FEMTOSECOND LASER-PULSE

SINGLE-SHOT MEASUREMENT OF THE INTENSITY AND PHASE OF A FEMT...

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CONF ON ULTRAFAST PULSE GENERATION AND SPECTROSCOPY

作者： KANE, DJ TREBINO, R Southwest Sciences Inc. (United States) Sandia National Labs. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819410888

We report and demonstrate a new technique to measure the full intensity and phase of a single femtosecond laser pulse. The technique, which we call 'frequency resolved optical gating' (FROG), is inexpensive, easy to implement, and provides an output that graphically displays the instantaneous frequency vs. time of the pulse. Using almost any instantaneous nonlinear- optical interaction of two replicas of the ultrashort pulse to be measured, FROG involves measuring the spectrum of the signal pulse as a function of delay between the two replicas. The resulting trace of intensity vs. frequency and delay yields an intuitive display of the pulse, similar to the pulse spectrogram. We show that the problem of inverting the FROG trace to obtain the pulse intensity and phase is a two-dimensional phase-retrieval problem. As a result, the FROG trace yields, in principle, an essentially unique pulse intensity and phase. In this work, we show that this is the case in practice, also. In addition, we present an iterative- Fourier-transform algorithm for inverting the FROG trace.

关键词： Spectroscopy Ultrafast phenomena Phase retrieval Femtosecond phenomena algorithm development Ultrafast laser spectroscopy Fourier transforms CCD cameras Polarization Cameras

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COMPUTATIONAL algorithmS FOR DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM USING FIXED SIZE FILTER MATRICES

COMPUTATIONAL ALGORITHMS FOR DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM USIN...

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CONF ON SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION

作者： BARANIECKI, AZ KARIM, SO George Mason Univ. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819408646

This paper describes matrix based algorithms for computing wavelet transform representations with application to multiresolution analysis. Structure of the algorithm presented is well suited for programming purpose and also for the implementation on VLSI processors. By using overlap-add or overlap-save techniques, constant matrix size can be used to accommodate arbitrary data lengths. Performance of the algorithm described in this paper is illustrated by decomposing an image into details and smoothed components.

关键词： Matrices Wavelets Electronic filtering Linear filtering algorithm development Discrete wavelet transforms Reconstruction algorithms Signal processing Wavelet transforms Very large scale integration

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TOWARD QUANTIFYING INFRARED CLUTTER

TOWARD QUANTIFYING INFRARED CLUTTER

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CONF ON CHARACTERIZATION, PROPAGATION, AND SIMULATION OF INFRARED SCENES

作者： REYNOLDS, WR Keweenaw Research Ctr./Michigan Technological Univ. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819403628

Target detection in clutter depends sensitively on the spatial structure of the latter. In particular, it is the ratio of the target size to the clutter inhomogeneity scale which is of crucial importance. Indeed, looking for the leopard in the background of leopard skin is a difficult task. Hence quantifying thermal clutter is essential to the development of successful detection algorithms and signature analysis. This paper describes an attempt at clutter characterization along with several applications using calibrated thermal imagery collected by the Keweenaw Research Center. The key idea is to combine spatial and intensity statistics of the clutter into one number in order to characterize intensity variations over the length scale imposed by the target. Furthermore, when properly normalized, this parameter appears independent of temporal meteorological variation, thereby constituting a background scene invariant. This measure has a basis in analysis of variance and is related to digital signal processing fundamentals. Statistical analysis of thermal images is presented with promising results.

关键词： Target detection Thermography Infrared radiation Infrared imaging Infrared sensors Statistical analysis algorithm development Automatic target recognition Detection and tracking algorithms Spatial frequencies

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EFFICIENT COMPUTATION OF VARIOUS TYPES OF SKELETONS

EFFICIENT COMPUTATION OF VARIOUS TYPES OF SKELETONS

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CONF ON MEDICAL IMAGING 5 : IMAGE PROCESSING

作者： VINCENT, L Harvard Univ. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)081940540X

The skeleton transformation is particularly useful in the field of image processing and may be computed by various techniques. This paper describes a new skeleton algorithm, which is based on the original concept of anchor point, i.e. of point that the skeleton is bound to contain. Its first step consists in extracting the desired anchor points. Then, the set X to skeletonize is progressively thinned in such a way that, on the one hand, the anchor points can never be removed and on the other hand, the homotopy of X cannot be modified. This operation is efficiently implemented thanks to a queue of pixels. The algorithm turns out to be extremely efficient and accurate on conventional computers. Furthermore, it allows to deal not only with standard skeletons, but also with such objects as minimal skeletons, homotopic markings, smoothed and pruned skeletons, etc. Its flexibility is also proved by the facts that it works both in the Euclidean and the geodesic cases, that its adaptation to any kind of grid is straight forward and that it can even be extend to n-dimensional images and to graphs skeletons in image analysis and shape recognition.

关键词： Image processing Binary data Image analysis Shape analysis Osmium Computing systems algorithm development Dendrites Image compression Mathematical morphology

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Design of Anthropomorphic Textured Phantoms for CT Performance Evaluation

Design of Anthropomorphic Textured Phantoms for CT Performan...

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Medical Imaging - Physics of Medical Imaging

作者： Solomon, Justin Bochud, Francois Samei, Ehsan Duke Univ Med Ctr Dept Radiol Carl E Ravin Adv Imaging Labs Durham NC 27706 USA Duke Univ Pratt Sch Engn Dept Biomed Engn Dept Elect & Comp Engn Durham NC 27706 USA Duke Univ Grad Sch Med Phys Grad Program Durham NC 27706 USA Univ Lausanne Hosp Inst Radiat Phys Lausanne Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9780819498267

Commercially available computed tomography (CT) technologies such as iterative reconstruction (IR) have the potential to enable reduced patient doses while maintaining diagnostic image quality. However, systematically determining safe dose reduction levels for IR algorithms is a challenging task due to their non-linear nature. Most attempts to evaluate IR algorithms rely on measurements made in uniform phantoms. Such measurements may overstate the dose reduction potential of IR because they don't account for the complex relationship between anatomical variability and image quality. The purpose of this study was to design anatomically informed textured phantoms for CT performance evaluation. Two phantoms were designed to represent lung and soft-tissue textures. The lung phantom includes intricate vessel-like structures along with embedded nodules (spherical, lobulated, and spiculated). The soft tissue phantom was designed based on a three-dimensional clustered lumpy background with included low-contrast lesions (spherical and anthropomorphic). The phantoms were built using rapid prototyping (3D printing) technology and imaged on a modern multi-slice clinical CT scanner to assess the noise performance of a commercial IR algorithm in the context of uniform and textured backgrounds. Fifty repeated acquisitions were acquired for each background type and noise was assessed by measuring pixel standard deviation, across the ensemble of repeated acquisitions. For pixels in uniform areas, the IR algorithm reduced noise magnitude (STD) by 60% (compared to FBP). However, for edge pixels, the noise magnitude in the IR images ranged from 20% higher to 40% lower compared to FBP. In all FBP images and in IR images of the uniform phantom, noise appeared to be globally non-stationary (i.e., spatially dependent) but locally stationary (within a reasonably small region of interest). In the IR images of the textured phantoms, the noise was globally and locally non-stationary.

关键词： Infrared imaging Lung 3D printing Denoising Computed tomography Reconstruction algorithms Image quality X-ray computed tomography Spherical lenses algorithm development

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FAST POSITION MEASUREMENT USING CCD

FAST POSITION MEASUREMENT USING CCD

引用

2nd International Symposium on Measurement Technology and Intelligent Instruments

作者： YUAN, F DING, ZL XU, J JIANG, ZM QIANG, XF HARBIN INST TECHNOL DEPT PRECIS INSTRUMENTSHARBIN 150006PEOPLES R CHINA

ISBN: (纸本)0819413844

A measurement system of position composed of CCD image sensor hardware circuits and a single chip microprocessor system is presented in this paper. It makes use of hardware circuits and software to realize a dynamic WifldoW in which the position signal is contained when doing measurement. Coupled with interpolation and look up table technique subpixel a c c Li r a c y and high rate measurment can be achieved. This measurement system can be used in aligning ziicasuring angle pointing etc.

关键词： Charge-coupled devices Signal processing CCD image sensors algorithm development Digital signal processing Sensors Electronic circuits Lithium Optical amplifiers Software development

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INTERACTIVE TASK PLANNING SYSTEM FOR SPACE ROBOTS

INTERACTIVE TASK PLANNING SYSTEM FOR SPACE ROBOTS

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1993 SPIE Technical Conference on Telemanipulator Technology and Space Telerobotics

作者： OKABAYASHI, K WATANABE, I AOKI, T MARUYAMA, T UCHIYAMA, T FUJITSU LABS LTD NAKAHARA KUKAWASAKIKANAGAWA 211JAPAN

ISBN: (纸本)0819413224

For space robots telemanipulation long communication delay and operator load are serious problems. We have developed a useful off-line robot motion planning system. The operator enters commands using object-level instructions, and low-level actions like path planning, sensor feedback, etc. are generated and executed automatically. The command generation and path planning algorithms in this system are original. The path planning algorithm can generate a collision free path in a few seconds using ready-made suggested paths which we call path- templates. The system greatly simplifies the operator's task and also frees the operator from dealing with the communication delay inherent in space robot telemanipulation.

关键词： Space robots Sensors Motion models Human-machine interfaces Telecommunications Robotic systems algorithm development Relays Visualization Control systems

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A distributed evolutionary algorithmic approach to the least-cost connected constrained sub-graph and power control problem

A distributed evolutionary algorithmic approach to the least...

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Conference on Digital Wireless Communications VI

作者： Tillett, J Rao, R Sahin, F Rao, TM Rochester Inst Technol Rochester NY 14623 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819453633

When wireless sensors are capable of variable transmit power and are battery powered, it is important to select the appropriate transmit power level for the node. Lowering the transmit power of the sensor nodes imposes a natural clustering on the network and has been shown to improve throughput of the network. However, a common transmit power level is not appropriate for inhomogeneous networks. A possible fitness-based approach, motivated by an evolutionary optimization technique, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is proposed and extended in a novel way to determine the appropriate transmit power of each sensor node. A distributed version of PSO is developed and explored using experimental fitness to achieve an approximation of least-cost connectivity.

关键词： Particles Particle swarm optimization Sensors Sensor networks Computer simulations Detection and tracking algorithms Silicon algorithm development Evolutionary optimization Wireless communications

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Calibration methods and results for the advanced solid-state array spectroradiometer (ASAS)

Calibration methods and results for the advanced solid-state...

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Conference on Multispectral Imaging for Terrestrial Applications

作者： Dabney, PW Tierney, MR Irons, JR Kovalick, WM Bur, MC Russell, CA NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr. (United States) Hughes STX (United States) Univ. of Maryland/College Park (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819422061

Improved methods for calibrating and characterizing the CCD array based off-nadir tiltable Advanced Solid-State Array Spectroradiometer (ASAS) were developed and applied. Sensor characteristics such as radiometric sensitivity, polarization sensitivity, signal-to-noise-ratio, temperature sensitivity, spectral bandpass, spectral distortion, and spatial resolution were measured. Radiometric sensitivity, array temperature sensitivity, and signal-to-noise were measured using a Barium Sulfate coated integrating hemisphere whose output calibration is traceable to NIST. Polarization sensitivity was measured for 62 spectral bands across all 512 spatial pixels (31 K pixels). Spectral bandpass and spectral distortion were measured using a 0.5 meter doublepass monochromator. Spatial resolution (given as the modulation-transfer-function - MTF) and distortion were measured using a combination of monochromatic collimated light to directly measure the point-spread-function (PSF) and the edge spread function (ESF) derived from actual image data. The MTF obtain using the two techniques are compared. Potential improvements to the test setups and methods are described.

关键词： Calibration Polarization Signal to noise ratio Sensors Point spread functions Modulation transfer functions Lithium Spectral calibration Monochromators algorithm development

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